消化腺全英文课件课件.pptx

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1、Componentsdigestiveglandsfoundinthewallofdigestivetractaccessorydigestiveglands:salivaryglands/pancreas/liverGeneralstructure*Parenchyma(functionalportionofanorgan,asdistinguishedfromthesupportingtissue):acini/glandcellsduct*Stroma(unfunctionalportionofanorgan):capsule,CTinside.第1页/共29页Salivarygland

2、s*Parotid*SubmandibularG.*SublingualG.Threetypesofacini*serous*mucous*seromucousFunction:*moistening food*carbohydrate digestion*Secrete IgA第2页/共29页Pancreaspositionedretroperitoneallyontheposteriorwalloftheabdominalcavityatthelevelofthesecondandthirdlumbarvertebrae.nodistinctcapsule,butiscoveredbyat

3、hinlayerofLCTbothanexocrine&endocrinegland.*exocrinepart:produces pancreatic juice*endocrinepart:produce hormones第3页/共29页Componentsoftheexocrinepancreasconsistsofserousglandsacinifilledwithacidophiliczymogengranulesintercalatedductextendsintothecentreoftheacini,whichislinedbycentroacinar cellsductsy

4、stem:intercalated ducts(low columnar or cuboidal epith.)Interlobular ducts(columnar epith.)Main pancreatic ducts(tall columanr epth.)major duodenal papilla第4页/共29页第5页/共29页Functionofpancreaticjuice:*Trypsin,chymotrypsin&carboxypeptidasehydrolyseproteins;*ribonuclease&deoxyribonucleasesplitnucleicacid

5、s;*amylasehydrolysesstarch&glycogen*lipase hydrolysestriglyceridesintofattyacidsandmonoglycerides*cholesterol esterasebreaksdowncholesterolestersintocholesterolandafattyacid.第6页/共29页ComponentsoftheEndocrine*IslandsofLangerhansscatteredthroughouttheexocrinepancreas.*Vascularization(manyfenestratedcap

6、.)ismoreextensivethanthatoftheexocrineacini.*ThreedifferenttypespresentA-cells(20%):glucagonproducerB-cells(75%):insulinproducerD-cells(5%):somatostatinproducer第7页/共29页第8页/共29页Liver*largestgland(2%ofbodyweightinadult).*receivesbothvenous&arterialbloodthroughtheportalV.(75%)&hepaticA(25%),respectivel

7、y.*CTofcapsuleextendedintotheparenchyma,forming“classical”liver loblules(basicstructureunits).*functionsasanexocrinegland(secretingbile).第9页/共29页Structuresofliverlobules*six-sidedprismwithacentralV.atitscentre*delimitedbyinterlobularCT*portal triadsinthecorneroflobules(portalarea)*anastomosingplates

8、ofhepaticcellsextendedradiallyfromthecentralV.*sinusoidsformbetweenhepaticplates第10页/共29页Portalareas*definition:a area found in the angles where adjacent hepatic lobules meet.*components:CT.+portaltriadinterlobular Ainterlobular Vinterlobular bile duct第11页/共29页第12页/共29页第13页/共29页Sinusoids*dialatedana

9、stomosingvenulesbetweenthehepaticplates*bloodpathway:peripherycentralv.*Kupffer cellslinedinthewallofsinusoids*EM:significantgapsnumerousfenestrationincomplete basal lamina第14页/共29页第15页/共29页第16页/共29页Hepatocytes*makeupabout80%ofthecellsintheliver.*typicallylargepolyhedralcellswithlargeroundcentrallyl

10、ocatednuclei.*abundanceoforganellesrelatedtothefunctionsMitochondria:energyprovidingRER:proteinsynthesisSER:bileformation/metabolismoflipidsandhormones/detoxification.Lysosome:replacementanddefenceMicrobody:detoxification.Inclusions:glcogenparticles,lipiddropletsandpigments.第17页/共29页Hepatocytefuncti

11、on*Producebile*mediatecarbohydratereservesglycogen is degraded to glucose under regulation of hormones*Bloodlipidmetabolism*Synthesisofplasmaproteinsalbumin:majorplasmaproteinfibrinogenthrombinclotting factor III第18页/共29页BileCanaliculiDefinition:tubularspacelimitedbyplasmamembraneoftwoadjacenthepato

12、pcytes.Structure:LM:network-likestructuresareseenbysilverimpregnationEM:*plasmamembraneofadjacenthepatocytesformthewallofbilecanaliculi*tightjunctionsformseals第19页/共29页第20页/共29页Bliecanaliculistainedbysilverimpregnation第21页/共29页Perisinusoidalsapce(spaceofDisse)aspacebetweentheendothelium&hepatocytebe

13、visibleunderEMoccupiedbynumerousmicrovilliofhepatocytesfilledwithplasmafat-storingcells(storingfat&vitaminA)asiteforexchangebetweentheblood&hepatocytes.第22页/共29页第23页/共29页*celljunctionsurface*Perisinusoidalsurface:facetoperisinusoidalspace*bilecanalicularsurface:faceintothebile canaliculusInterlobule

14、A.&V.Threetypesoffunctionalsurfaceinhepatocyte第24页/共29页Hepatic Blood SupplyPortalVinterlobularVHepaticAinterlobularAsublobularVsinusoidscentralVhepaticVInferiorvenacava(75%)(25%)第25页/共29页Bilecanaliculiperiperalbileductules(Herings)interlobularbileductLeft&righthepaticductsCommonhepaticductCommonbile

15、ductDuodenumpapillaCysticductGallbladderBiliary Passages第26页/共29页ClassificationofLobules1.Classic lobule:Ahexagonalstructurewiththecentralveinatitscenter;atthesixcornersofthelubulearehepatictriads.2.Portal lobule:Atriangularstructurewiththeportalareaatitscenter.Threecentralveinsarefoundattheperipheralboundarypoints.3.Liver acinus:Anelongatediamond-shapedlobule;acentralveinisattheendsofeachofthetwoelongatedpointsofthediamond.第27页/共29页第28页/共29页感谢您的观看！第29页/共29页