热能动力工程专业英语课件.pptx
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1、开始上课生命多少用时间计算,生命的价值用贡献计算。裴多菲第1页/共51页学生自主学习,教师辅导为辅!学生自主学习,教师辅导为辅!课课堂堂,按按学学号号顺顺序序每每个个同同学学翻翻译译一一段段,并并不不时时抽查翻译;抽查翻译;学完每章,交书面翻译学完每章,交书面翻译(手写手写)。第2页/共51页各个学校英语名称各个学校英语名称1.清华大学清华大学:Tsinghua University2.上海交通大学上海交通大学:Shanghai Jiaotong University3.安徽工业大学:安徽工业大学:Anhui University of Technology 4.山东大学:山东大学:Shand
2、ong University 5.华中科技大学华中科技大学:Huazhong University of Science and Technology6.安徽师范大学:安徽师范大学:Anhui Normal University7.南京理工大学南京理工大学 Nanjing University of Science and Technology8.河海大学:河海大学:Hehai University9.西北工业大学西北工业大学:Northwestern Polytechnical University10.中国科学院工程热物理研究所:中国科学院工程热物理研究所:Institute of Eng
3、ineering Thermophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences第3页/共51页各学科英语名称热能工程热能工程 Thermal Engineering制冷与低温工程制冷与低温工程 Refrigeration&Cryogenics传热学传热学 Heat Transfer流体力学流体力学 Fluid Dynamics 工程热力学工程热力学 Engineering Thermodynam第4页/共51页研究生入学、求职英语面试1.开场白Good morning.I am very glad to be here for this interview.2.姓名,英文
4、名,毕业院校,毕业专业,毕业学院First let me introduce myself.My name is LiShuai,and my English name is Jacky Lee.Ive finished my undergraduate education in Xidian University,Majoring in Electronic Science and Technology in the college of Technical Physics.3.性格,爱好,实践经验I am open-minded,willing and have broad interes
5、ts like basketball,reading and especially in engineering such as software programming,website design,hardware design.For example,during the past four years,I have accomplished two websites:one is the website of our school,and the other is the website of the doctor forum of china 2007.Furthermore,I a
6、m interested in C plus plus programming language and have written some application programs.In July in the last year,I finished my graduate project with flying colors,which was a software application about Image Process.In addition,I have also finished some projects about embedded system by using MC
7、U when I was a junior.4.为什么想读研,将来愿意从事的方向,读研时的打算Although I have broad interests in many aspects and grasp the essential knowledge of the major,but I think at present,I can do many things in a superficial level,but not be competent to do things professionally owing to lack of ample knowledge and abili
8、ty.So I think further study is still urgent for me to realize self-value.The major that I hope pursue for my further education is IC design.Because I find integrated circuits are playing a more and more important role in our modern society.And nowadays in China,with the recognition by the government
9、,our domestic integrated circuits industry is growing rapidly and that may provide a lot of chances to us.I plan to concentrate on study and research in this field in my graduate time.And I hope I can form a systematic view of micro electronics and IC design technology and make a solid foundation fo
10、r future profession after three years study here.5.结束语OK,thats all.Thank you very much.第5页/共51页第6页/共51页英文文献阅读第7页/共51页翻译工具1.Google翻译翻译2.有道词典有道词典3.爱词霸翻译爱词霸翻译第8页/共51页2023/3/19Lecture 1 Introduction引言 第9页/共51页2023/3/191.1 什么是专业英语 普通英语(Common English,Ordinary English)科技英语(English for Science and Technolo
11、gy)专业英语(English for Special Science and Technology)l是结合各自专业的科技英语是结合各自专业的科技英语 有很强的专业性,涉及的面更加狭窄,与专业内容配合更为密切。l隶隶属属于于科科技技英英语语 是科技英语的一部分,以表达科技概念、理论与事实为主要目的。遵守科技英语的语法体系和翻译方法;特别注重客观事实和真理,表达准确、精练和正式。专业英语与科技英语既有区别又有联系。专业英语的学习需要有一个良好的科技英语基础,同时也要注意其自身的词汇特点、语法特点、修辞特点和翻译特点等等。第10页/共51页2023/3/191.2 学习专业英语的重要性(1)科研
12、信息获取(2)研究成果展示(3)国际交流合作 l当前大部分资料都可以通过互联网传播,而这些资料中90以上都是英语。l世界上科技情报资料的交流主要靠使用英语,对子热能动力工程、制冷与空调等专业来说,绝大部分专业资料和信息都是以英语形式出现。专业英语阅读能力l申报国家奖项l申请专利l发表学术论文:85以上的科技资料都是以英语形式出版的 专业英语写作能力专业英语表达、听说、应变能力第11页/共51页2023/3/19Lecture 2 Features of Specialized English专业英语的特点第12页/共51页2023/3/192.1 Grammar Features 客观性(Ob
13、jective)、准确性(accuracy)和精练性(conciseness)。(1)(1)广泛使用被动语态广泛使用被动语态(2)(2)广泛使用非谓语形式广泛使用非谓语形式 (3)省略句使用频繁(4)It句型和祈使句使用频繁(5)复杂长句使用频繁(6)后置形容词短语作定语多 语法特点第13页/共51页2023/3/19(1)(1)广泛使用被动语态广泛使用被动语态2.1 Grammar Features l主体多为客观的事物、现象和过程,在叙述推理过程中切忌加进作者个人的主观臆断;l中心是客观现象及事物本身,而非动作的发出者,把论证说明的对象置于句子主语的位置,既能突出中心,又能吸引读者的注意。
14、(客观性客观性)1)Utility boilers are used primarily to generate electricity in large central power stations.大型中心电站的电站锅炉主要用来发电2)No work can be done without energy没有能量不能做功。第14页/共51页2023/3/192.1 Grammar Features 3)Electric power is generated in power generating stations or plants.电能是在发电站或发电厂产生的 4)The meters a
15、re calibrated and the scale is designed to read the value of the desired unit.这些仪表可以被校准并且设计了不同的量程,以便读出期望的数值。第15页/共51页2023/3/192.1 Grammar Features(2)广泛使用非谓语形式 非谓语动词在句子中可以起到名词,形容词或副词作用,动词的非谓语形式分为动名词,分词,动词不定式。动名词 用动名词短语取代时间从句或简化时间陈述句用动名词短语取代时间从句或简化时间陈述句 1)The signal should be filtered before it is amp
16、lified.2)An object becomes hot.It is placed in the sun.Once being placed in the sun,an object becomes hot.物体放置在太阳下会变热。The signal should be filtered before being amplified.放大信号前,应先对其进行滤波(精炼)第16页/共51页2023/3/192.1 Grammar Features 3)We must do various experiments before a new air-conditioning product i
17、s designed.Before designing a new air-conditioning product we must do various experiments.在设计一个新的空调产品之前,我们必须做各种实验 用动名词短语做主语用动名词短语做主语 4)Changing resistance is a method for controlling the flow of the current.改变电阻是控制电流的一种方法 5)Conducting electricity means the flow of electrons through an object.传导电流意味着
18、电子在物体内的流动 第17页/共51页2023/3/192.1 Grammar Features 分词 l 过去分词短语替代从句中的被动语态l 现在分词短语替代从句中的主动语态 1)The power supply,which is shown in block-diagram in Fig.1,is a single-phase inverter.The power supply shown in block-diagram in Fig.1 is a single-phase inverter.图1中用框图表示的电源是一个单相逆变器。第18页/共51页2023/3/192.1 Gramma
19、r Features 2)A thermodynamic system,as it was pointed out above,is a fixed quantity of matter contained within some enclosure.A thermodynamic system,as pointed out above,is a fixed quantity of matter contained within some enclosure.如上所述,热力系统是一包围在某一封闭边界内的具有固定质量的物质。3)Matter is anything having weight a
20、nd occupying space.任何具有重量并占有空间的东西都是物质。第19页/共51页2023/3/192.1 Grammar Features 不定式 用不定式短语来替代表示目的和功能的从句或语句(1)The capacity of individual generators is larger and larger so that the increasing demand of electric power is satisfied.The capacity of individual generators is larger and larger to satisfy the
21、increasing demand of electric power.单台发电机的容量越来越大,目的就是满足不断增长的用电需求。(2)What does a fuse do?It protects a circuit.The function of a fuse is to protect a circuit.保险的作用就是保护电路。第20页/共51页2023/3/192.1 Grammar Features(3)省略句使用频繁省略成分:状语从句中的主语、全部或部分谓语;定语从句中的关系代词which和that、从句中的助词等;还常用介词短语替代从句。1)If it is possible,
22、the open-loop control approach should be used in this system.If possible,the open-loop control approach should be used in this system.2)As illustrated in Fig.1,there is a feedback element in the closed-loop system.As in Fig.1,there is a feedback element in the closed-loop system.就像图1所示的那样,这个闭环系统中有一个
23、反馈元件。可能的话,这个系统应该使用开环控制方法。(精炼)第21页/共51页2023/3/192.1 Grammar Features As already discussed 前已讨论As explained before 前已解释As described above 如上所示If possible(necessary)如果可能(必要)其他常用的省略形式:If so 倘若如此As previously mentioned 前已提到When needed(necessary,feasible)必要时Where feasible 在实际可行的场合Where possible 在可能的情况下第22
24、页/共51页2023/3/192.1 Grammar Features(4)It句型和祈使句使用频繁 It句型:it 充当形式主语,避免句子“头重脚轻”l It is very important(possible,necessary,natural,inevitable)to l It takes very much time learning l It is clear(possible,necessary,natural,inevitable)that l It happened that l It must be admitted that祈使句:无主语,精炼。lLet A be eq
25、ual to B.设A等于B。lConsider a high-pressure chamber.假如有一个高气压气候室。(准确、精炼)第23页/共51页2023/3/192.1 Grammar Features(5)复杂长句使用频繁1)In the description of a flow field,it is convenient to think of individual particles each of which is considered to be a small mass of fluid,consisting of a large number of molecule
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