脑膜脑脊液脑血管.pptx

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1、The meninges of spinal cord Spinal dura mater 硬脊膜Spinal arachnoid mater脊髓蛛网膜 Spinal pia mater 软脊膜第1页/共38页Spinal dura mater 硬脊膜硬脊膜 CharactersAbove,attached to circumference of foramen magnumBelow,becomes thinner at level of S2,invests filum terminale to attach at back of coccyx第2页/共38页Epidural space

2、硬膜外隙Position:lies between spinal dura mater and periosteum of vertebral canal Contents:a quantity of loose connective tissue,fat,lymphatic vessels and vertebral venous plexus,the spinal nerves on each side pass through the epidural space which is applicable for block anesthesiaSubdural space硬膜下隙第3页/

3、共38页Spinal arachnoid mater 脊髓蛛脊髓蛛网膜网膜 CharactersA thin,delicate,tubular membran loosely investing spinal cordAbove,it is continuous with cerebral arachnoid mater第4页/共38页Subarachnoid space 蛛网膜下隙Position:lies between pia and arachnoid maters containing cerebrospinal fluidTerminal cistern 终池:the larges

4、t part of subarachnoid space extending from termination of spinal cord to level of S2,where it is occupied by nerves of cauda equina,so it is the best site for a lumbar puncture 第5页/共38页Lumbar spinal puncture(spinal tap)第6页/共38页 Spinal pia mater 软脊膜软脊膜A delicate vascular membrane that closely invest

5、s the spinal cordDenticulate ligament齿状韧带:consist of 21 pairs triangular ligaments extending from spinal cord on each side between anterior and posterior roots of spinal nerves to spinal dura mate;these ligaments help to fix position of spinal cord.Filum terminale:an extension of pia beyond conus me

6、dullaris第7页/共38页The Meninges of BrainCerebral dural mater 硬脑膜Cerebral arachnoid mater 脑蛛网膜Cerebral pia mater 软脑膜第8页/共38页Cerebral dural mater 硬硬脑膜脑膜CharactersA thick and dense inelastic membrane that composed of two layers,an inner or meningeal and outer or endostealIt is in loose contact with calvar

7、ia,and most strongly adherent to base of skull第9页/共38页Four septa Cerebral falx 大脑镰Tentorium of cerebellum小脑幕in front there is a gap,the tentorial incisure 幕切迹,for passage of midbrainCerebellar falx 小脑镰Diaphragma sellae 鞍隔第10页/共38页Sinuses of duramater 硬脑膜窦Superior sagittal sinus 上矢状窦 Inferior sagitta

8、l sinus 下矢状窦 Straight sinus 直窦 Confluence of sinus 窦汇 第11页/共38页Transverse sinus 横窦 Sigmoid sinus 乙状窦Superior petrosal sinuses 岩上窦inferior petrosal sinuses 岩下窦第12页/共38页Cavernous sinus 海绵窦Position:lies on each side of sella turcicaRelations of cavernous sinus:Internal carotid artery and abducent nerve

9、 run through the sinus Oculomotor and trochlear nerves and ophthalmic and maxillary divisions of trigeminal nerve lie in the lateral wall of the sinus第13页/共38页 The flowing of the blood in dural sinus Sup.sagittal sinus Inf.sagittal sinus Straight sinus Confluence of sinus Transverse sinus Cavernous

10、sinus Sup.petrosal sinus Inf.petrosal sinus Internal jugular vein Sigmoid sinus第14页/共38页Cerebral arachnoid mater 脑蛛网膜脑蛛网膜Characters:a delicate membrane covering brain loosely,passing over sulci and entering only cerebral longitudinal and transverse fissures第15页/共38页 Arachnoid granulations 蛛网膜粒 proje

11、ct into sinuses of dura mater,serve as sites where cerebrospinal fluid diffuses into bloodstream第16页/共38页Subarachnoid cisternsCerebellomedullary cistern 小脑延髓池Interpeduncular cistern 脚间池Pontine cistern 桥池Superior cistern 上池第17页/共38页Cerebellomedullary cistern第18页/共38页Cerebral pia mater 软脑膜软脑膜Closely i

12、nvests brain surface,in some areas the pia invaginates into ventricles to take part in the formation of choroids plexus 第19页/共38页Circulation of cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)Cerebrospinal fluid is a clear colorless fluid,which acts as a transport medium for nutrients and vaster products and provides a pro

13、tective fluid cushion for the central nervous system.Production:produced by the choroids plexuses within the lateral,third and fourth ventricles第20页/共38页Circulation of cerebrospinal fluidCSF drains from lateral ventricleinterventricular foraminathird ventriclemesencephalic aqueductfourth ventricleme

14、dian and two lateral aperturessubarachnoid spacearachnoid granulationssuperior sagittal sinusvein第21页/共38页Blood vessels of brain and spinal cord第22页/共38页Arteries of brainTwo sourcesInternal carotid artery:supplies anterior 2/3 of cerebral hemisphere and parts of diencephalonVertebral artery:supplies

15、 postterior 1/3 of cerebral hemisphere and parts of diencephalon,brain stem and cerebellum第23页/共38页Internal carotid artery 颈内动脉颈内动脉Anterior cerebral artery 大脑前动脉 Middle cerebral artery 大脑中动脉 Anterior choroidal artery 脉络丛前动脉Posterior communicating artery 后交通动脉第24页/共38页Anterior cerebral artery大脑前动脉Joi

16、ned the fellow of the opposite side by the anterior communicating arteryCortical branches:supply all medial surface of the cerebral cortex as far back as the parietooccipital sulcus and superior border of the suprolateral surface of the cerebral hemisphere Central branches:supply caudate nucleus,ant

17、erior part of lentiform nucleus and anterior limb of internal capsule第25页/共38页Middle cerebral artery大脑中动脉Cortical branches:supply most of superolateral surface of cerebral hemisphere and insular lobe Central branches:supply lentiform and caudate nuclei,genu and posterior limb of internal capsule(len

18、ticulostriate artery)第26页/共38页Anterior choroidal artery脉络丛前动脉:passes backward,enters inferior horn of lateral ventricle,and ends in choroid plexus.It supplies lateral geniculate body,posterior limb of internal capsule,middle 3/5 of crus cerebri,and globus pallidusPosterior communicating artery后交通动脉:

19、runs backward to join posterior cerebral artery第27页/共38页Vertebral artery 椎动脉Cranial brancheAnterior and posterior spinal arteries 脊髓前、后动脉Posterior inferior cerebellar artery 小脑下后动脉Branches of basilar arteryAnterior inferior cerebral artery小脑下前动脉Labyrinthine artery 迷路动脉Pontine arteries 脑桥动脉Superior c

20、erebellar artery 小脑上动脉Posterior cerebral artery 大脑后动脉 第28页/共38页Posterior cerebral arteryCortical branches:supply medial and inferior surfaces of temporal lobe and occipital lobeCentral branches:supply dorsal thalamus,medial and lateral geniculate bodies,hypothalamus and subthalamus第29页/共38页Cerebral

21、arterial circle(circle of Willis)Formation:formed by anterior communicating artery,both anterior cerebral arteries,internal carotid arteries,posterior communicating arteries,and posterior cerebral arteriesPosition:lies on sella turcica around optic chiasma,tuber cinereum and mamillary bodies 第30页/共3

22、8页Blockage Area of oxygendeprives brainThrombus Plaque 第31页/共38页Subarachnoid hemorrhageMicroaneurysm Lenticulostriate arteries第32页/共38页Intracerebral hemorhage Arteriovenous malformation第33页/共38页Veins of brainSuperficial cerebral veins Drain blood from cortex and subcortical medullary substance and e

23、mpty into adjacent sinuses of dura mater 第34页/共38页Veins of brainDeep cerebral veins:drain deeper parts of hemispheres,basal nuclei,internal capsule,diencephalon and choroid plexus,ultimately form great cerebral vein which enter straight sinus第35页/共38页Blood vessels of spinal cordArteries of spinal co

24、rdTwo sources Anterior and posterior spinal arteriesBranches of segmental arteries:radicular arteries of posterior intercostals arteries,lumbar arteries,and lateral sacral arteriesDamage area:T1T4,ventral part of L1vascular ring(vasocorona)第36页/共38页 Blood vessels of spinal cordSpinal veins:drain into internal vertebral venous plexus 第37页/共38页感谢您的观看！第38页/共38页