被动语态高考复习.pptx

《被动语态高考复习.pptx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《被动语态高考复习.pptx（54页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、一、被动语态的定义：一、被动语态的定义：语态是动词的一种形式，用以表语态是动词的一种形式，用以表示主语和谓语之间的关系。当主语是示主语和谓语之间的关系。当主语是谓语动作的执行者，则为主动语态；谓语动作的执行者，则为主动语态；当主语是谓语动作的承受者，则为被当主语是谓语动作的承受者，则为被动语态。动语态。被动语态由助动词被动语态由助动词be+过去分词过去分词构成，时态通过构成，时态通过be表现出来。表现出来。第1页/共54页 二、各种时态的被动语态构成二、各种时态的被动语态构成 1）一般现在时：一般现在时：2）一般过去时：一般过去时：3）一般将来时：一般将来时：You are required

2、to do this.The story was told by her.The problem will be discussed tomorrow.第2页/共54页4）现在进行时：）现在进行时：5）过去进行时：）过去进行时：6）现在完成时：）现在完成时：7)情态动词：情态动词：The question is being discussed in the meeting room.The new road was being made.The novel has been read.The rubbish can be put into the dustbin over there.第3页/

3、共54页现以及物动词tell为例，列表如下：时态时态被动语态的构成被动语态的构成一般式一般式一般现在时一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时一般将来时一般将来时过去将来时过去将来时进行式进行式现在进行时现在进行时过去进行时过去进行时完成式完成式现在完成时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时被动语态的构成被动语态的构成be(am，is，are)toldbe(was，were)toldshall/will be toldshould/would be toldbe(am，is，are)being toldbe(was，were)being toldhave/has been toldhad been told第

4、4页/共54页1.They make shoes in that factory.三、主动语态变被动语态三、主动语态变被动语态Shoes are made (by them)in that factory.一般现在时的被动语态构成一般现在时的被动语态构成：S(主语）主语）+am/is/are +过去分词过去分词第5页/共54页2.They bought ten computers last term Ten computers were bought (by them)last term.一般过去时：一般过去时：S+was/were+过去分词过去分词第6页/共54页3Ling Feng can

5、 take good care of Polly Polly can be taken good care of by Ling Feng .情态动词：情态动词：S+can/may/must/should+be+过去分词过去分词第7页/共54页4.They will finish the work in ten days.The work will be finished(by them)in ten days.一般将来时：一般将来时：S+will+be+过去分词过去分词第8页/共54页5.Some workers are painting the rooms nowThe rooms are

6、 being painted by some workers now.现在进行时：现在进行时：S+am/is/are+being+过去分词过去分词第9页/共54页6We have made twenty more keysTwenty more keys have been made by us.现在完成时：现在完成时：S+have/has+been+过去分词过去分词第10页/共54页7I was doing my homework at 8:00 last night My homework was being done(by me)at 8:00 last night.过去进行时：过去进行

7、时：S+was/were+being+过去分词过去分词第11页/共54页People speak English almost all over the world.世界各地都有人讲英语。当主动句的宾语是当主动句的宾语是thatthat引导的宾语从句，引导的宾语从句，可转换为两种形式的被动句。可转换为两种形式的被动句。English is spoken almost all over the world.1 1含有单宾语的主动句的转换：含有单宾语的主动句的转换：(一一)主动句与被动句的转换主动句与被动句的转换第12页/共54页People believe that he is an hones

8、t boy.大家认为他是个诚实的孩子。2.2.含有双宾语的主动句的转换含有双宾语的主动句的转换I gave the book to Mr.Smith yesterday.昨天我给了史密斯先生一本书。It is believed that he is an honest boy.The boy is believed to be an honest one.The book was given to Mr.Smith yesterday(by me).2)把宾语从句里的主语变成被动句的主语，同时把宾语从句中的谓语变成不定式短语。1)用先行的it作形式主语，把宾语从句变成后置的主语从句；第13页/

9、共54页3.3.含有介词动词的主动句的转换。含有介词动词的主动句的转换。They have never listened to him.人家从不听人家从不听他的话。他的话。表示被动意义的主动句：表示被动意义的主动句：Cotton feels soft.棉花摸上去很柔软。Ripe apples pick easily.熟了的苹果容易摘下来。He has never been listened to.Mr.Smith was given a book yesterday(by me).第14页/共54页语态转换(Give the students some minutes to discuss)1

10、.He teaches English in our school.2.She gave me a book.English is taught in our school by him.I was given a book by her./A book was given to me byher.口诀口诀1：宾提前变主，主变介by宾，被动be加done,时态看主动。口诀口诀2：如 遇双宾语，最好变间宾，如若变直宾，间宾前加to/for(pass,lend,buy,write,bring,show,tell)第15页/共54页3.He made me do the work.I was mad

11、e to do the work by him.口诀口诀3：这些动词真奇怪，主动句中to 离开，被动句中to回 来。（feel,listen to,hear,let have,make,look at,see,watch)4.They take good care of the baby.The baby is taken good care of by them.注意：含动词词组的被动语态，须将其看作一个整体，不可把它们分隔开来。第16页/共54页有些情况下动词的主动形式也可以表示被动意义。有些情况下动词的主动形式也可以表示被动意义。一、表示“开始”；“结束”类的动词。常见的这类动词有beg

12、in,start,open,close,end,finish,stop等。例如：School begins in September.The stores in this area open later at weekends than at weekdays.二、主语是物，谓语是表示主语特征或属性的动词。常见的这类动词有write,read,wear,wash,clean,sell,run,lock等。这些动词常与副词或否定词连用。例如：第17页/共54页 四、何时使用被动语态呢？四、何时使用被动语态呢？一、行为主体不明确，不必说出或者无一、行为主体不明确，不必说出或者无法说出动作的执行者时

13、。例如：法说出动作的执行者时。例如：Football is played all over the world 二、不易找到或根本就不可能找到动作二、不易找到或根本就不可能找到动作的执行者时。例如：的执行者时。例如：My bike was stolen我的自行车被盗了。我的自行车被盗了。第18页/共54页三、汉语中含有“据说”、“据悉”、“有人说”、“大家说”等时。例如：It is said that one day he climbed to the top of a house and It was reported that her mother died of SARS.众所周知 It

14、 is well known that 据推测说 It is supposed that 第19页/共54页四、汉语中含有四、汉语中含有“被被”、“由由”等词时。等词时。例如：例如：Wei Hua is asked to come by Lin Tao魏华是被林涛叫来的。魏华是被林涛叫来的。第20页/共54页五、某些句子习惯上用被动语态。例如：五、某些句子习惯上用被动语态。例如：He was born in October，1989 六、表示礼貌时。例如：六、表示礼貌时。例如：敬请您明天晚上敬请您明天晚上8：00光临我们的英语晚会。光临我们的英语晚会。第21页/共54页 五、在什么情况下不能使

15、用被动语五、在什么情况下不能使用被动语态呢？态呢？1.表示状态的动词，如表示状态的动词，如have，cost，fit，last，own，hold，become等往往不能用于被动语态。等往往不能用于被动语态。例如：例如：【正正】The shirt fits him very well【误误】He is fitted very well by the shirt 第22页/共54页2.祈使句一般没有被动语态。例如：祈使句一般没有被动语态。例如：【正正】Look at the blackboard，please【误误】The blackboard is looked at by you 第23页/共

16、54页3.某些及物动词的宾语表示处所、地点、某些及物动词的宾语表示处所、地点、组织时不能用于被动语态。例如：组织时不能用于被动语态。例如：【正正】He joined the League in 1998【误误】The League was joined by him in 1998 第24页/共54页4.由由“动词名词动词名词”构成的英语习语（如构成的英语习语（如make faces，make friends，take place等）等）一般不可改为被动语态。例如：一般不可改为被动语态。例如：【正正】The boy make faces in class【误误】Faces are made b

17、y the boy in class Great changes have taken place in Jinan since last year.第25页/共54页5.反身代词在句中作宾语时，不能用被反身代词在句中作宾语时，不能用被动语态。例如：动语态。例如：【正正】You must look after yourself【误误】Yourself must be looked after 第26页/共54页Practice第27页/共54页先将主动句改为被动句，再把被先将主动句改为被动句，再把被先将主动句改为被动句，再把被先将主动句改为被动句，再把被动句变为一般疑问句与否定句动句变为一般疑

18、问句与否定句动句变为一般疑问句与否定句动句变为一般疑问句与否定句 1 1People People growgrow wheat in North wheat in North ChinaChina 2 2They They boughtbought ten computers last ten computers last termterm 第28页/共54页3Some workers are painting the classrooms now 4We have made twenty more beds 5Ling Feng can take good care of Polly.6I

19、 was doing my homework at 8：00 last night 第29页/共54页一、如主动句含一、如主动句含间宾和直宾间宾和直宾双宾语；双宾语；或含省略或含省略to的不定式作宾补，变被动的不定式作宾补，变被动时有何变化呢？时有何变化呢？Uncle Li lent us the boat last week（变被动）（变被动）We were lent the boat by Uncle Li last week The boat was lent to us by Uncle Li last week（加上了（加上了to，有的也加，有的也加for）第30页/共54页Mum

20、made me a new dress.I was made a new dress by Mum.A new dress was made for me by my mother.第31页/共54页 间宾（人）作被动句的主语，间宾（人）作被动句的主语，一切依旧；而直宾（物）作主语，一切依旧；而直宾（物）作主语，则须在间宾前添加则须在间宾前添加to或或for。加。加to的的动词多为动词多为give，send，bring，teach，show，pass，write，ask，tell等；加等；加for的动词有的动词有make，draw，buy等。等。第32页/共54页二、二、My parents

21、made me water all these young trees（变被动）（变被动）I was made to water all these young trees by my parents（加上了（加上了to）第33页/共54页这种主动句中用省这种主动句中用省to的不定式的不定式作宾补，变被动时定要加上作宾补，变被动时定要加上to。这种谓语动词有这种谓语动词有feel，hear，listen to，let，make，have，see，notice，look at，watch（即常言道（即常言道“一感二听一感二听三让四看见三让四看见”）。）。第34页/共54页Exercises第35

22、页/共54页1.People use knives for cutting things.Knives _ _ for cutting things.2.The students clean the windows of their classroom twice a month.The windows of their classroom_ _ twice a month.are usedarecleaned(变被动语态）变被动语态）第36页/共54页3.I found the ticket on the floor._ _ _ _ on the floor.4.I told her to

23、return the book in time.She _ _ to return the book in time.The ticket was found was told第37页/共54页5.His doctor made him have only two meals a day.He _ _ _ _ only two meals a day.6.Now people can use computers to help them.Now computers _ _ _ to help them.was made to have can be used第38页/共54页7.Did you

24、 plant many trees at this time last year?_ _ _ _ at this time last time?8.Must we finish our work today?_ our work_ _ today?Were many trees plantedMust be finished第39页/共54页9.The foreign friends gave us some wonderful stamps.1)_ _ _ some wonderful stamps.2)Some wonderful stamps _ _ _ _.we were given

25、were given to us第40页/共54页10.The teacher asked Tom to turn on the computer.Tom _ _ to turn on the computer.11.In this factory women do most of the work.Most of the work _ _ by women in this factory.was asked is done第41页/共54页12.He can mend the bike in two days.The bike _ _ _ in two days.13.You must ta

26、ke this medicine three times a day.This medicine _ _ _ three times a day.can be mended must be taken第42页/共54页14.The students in this school study German.German _ _ by the students in this school.15.Do they often talk about this question?_ this question often _ about _ _?is studiedIs talked by them第4

27、3页/共54页16.Someone must help me move away the heavy bag.I must _ _ to move away this heavy bag.17.Was the window broken by Tom?（变为主动语态）（变为主动语态）_ Tom_ the window?be helpedDid break第44页/共54页18.The tractor wasnt driven out of the road.He_ _ the tractor out of the road.19.Doesnt Bob clean the street ever

28、y day?_ the street _ by Bob every day?didnt driveIsnt cleaned第45页/共54页20.What can they do to finish the work on time?_ _ _ _ by them to finish the work?What can be done第46页/共54页21.None of the children were made to try the new medicine by the doctor.The doctor _ _ _ _ the _ _ the new medicine.didnt m

29、ake any of children try第47页/共54页将下列句子改为被动语态将下列句子改为被动语态将下列句子改为被动语态将下列句子改为被动语态1 1We sweep the floor every We sweep the floor every dayday 2 2He does morning exercises He does morning exercises every morningevery morning 3 3He gave me a book He gave me a book yesterdayyesterday 第48页/共54页4 4The nurses t

30、ake care of The nurses take care of the sick old manthe sick old man 5 5You can take the book You can take the book out of the reading roomout of the reading room 6 6What do the workers use What do the workers use the machine forthe machine for？7 7I made him work two I made him work two hours every

31、dayhours every day 第49页/共54页8 8Class One will help the Class One will help the farmers tomorrowfarmers tomorrow 9 9We have learned two We have learned two thousand English wordsthousand English words1010We found many students We found many students playing football on the playing football on the pla

32、yground.playground.第50页/共54页将下列句子改为主动语态将下列句子改为主动语态将下列句子改为主动语态将下列句子改为主动语态1Was the work finished by 1Was the work finished by him yesterdayhim yesterday？2 2He was given a pen by me He was given a pen by me yesterdayyesterday 3 3Children should be taken Children should be taken good care ofgood care of 第51页/共54页4 4The trees must be put The trees must be put in the hole by themin the hole by them 5 5The car is not being The car is not being repaired by her nowrepaired by her now 6.Were the books taken 6.Were the books taken away by the girl?away by the girl?第52页/共54页再 见第53页/共54页感谢您的观看。第54页/共54页