虚拟语气等语法.pptx

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1、虚拟语气在不同句型中的应用虚拟语气在不同句型中的应用一、在非真实条件句中的应用二、在表示要求、建议、命令等中的应用三、lest,for fear that引导的从句中四、wish引导的从句中五、as if,as though引导的从句中六、if only引导的从句中七、It is(about,high)time八、would rather,would sooner引导的从句中九、虚拟语气的特殊用法第1页/共26页一、虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的应用 条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。第2页/共26页一、虚拟语气

2、在非真实条件句中的应用 假设类型假设类型 条件句从句条件句从句 谓语动词形式谓语动词形式主句谓语动词形式主句谓语动词形式 与现在与现在 事实相反事实相反 与过去与过去 事实相反事实相反 与将来与将来 事实相反事实相反 动词过去时动词过去时 did(be 用were)had+过去分词should+do 或 were to+dowould(should,could,might)+动词原形would(should,could,might)+have+过去分词would(should,could,might)+动词原形第3页/共26页1)if I stood outside the classroom

3、 now,I would feel very cold.2)If Lunxun were alive,how happy he would be to see the great achievements of New China!3)If I had not studied hard,I would have failed in the Mid-term exam.4)If it should rain tomorrow,we would stay at home.5)If you were to come tomorrow,I would meet you at the airport.1

4、.倒装句：Were Lunxun alive,how happy Should it rain tomorrow,.Had I not studied hard,.Were you to come tomorrow,第4页/共26页2.错综条件句 1）If I were you,I would have taken his advice then.2)If he had listened to me,he would not be in such trouble now.3.条件句省略成分 Five minutes earlier,and we could have caught the la

5、st train.=If we had started five minutes earlier,we could have caught the last train.第5页/共26页二、虚拟语气在表示要求、建议、命令等中的应用1.用在宾语从句中 -He insists that John(should)do the job.类似的这类动词有：suggest,propose,order,recommend,command,demand,insist,advise,require,request等。注意：若”insist”表示“认为”，“suggest”表示“表明”的意思，宾语从句用陈述句。-

6、The expression on his face suggests that she knows the secret.第6页/共26页2.用在表语或同位语从句中。a.The doctor recommended that I should give up smoking.b.It is recommended by the doctor that I should give up smoking.C.The doctors recommendation is that I should give up smoking.第7页/共26页3.用在主语从句中。其结构通常为：“It is+形容词

7、 that.”-It is necessary that you(should)be present at the meeting.类似的这类形容词有：advisable,essential,important,natural,possible,strange,urgent,vital第8页/共26页三、lest,for fear that引导的从句中 1)Ill hide it lest she should see it.2)He put a blanket over his body for fear that he should catch cold.第9页/共26页四、wish与现在

8、事实相反，用过去时 -I wish you stayed at home now.-I wish I were as young as you.与过去事实相反，用过去完成时 -He wishes he had not been late yesterday.与将来事实相反，用would或could+动词原形 -I wish that the rain would stop soon.此外此外:与过去事实相反与过去事实相反,还可以用还可以用could have+过去分词过去分词 -I wish you could have gone with me.第10页/共26页五、as if,as tho

9、ugh （用法与wish同）-Alan talked about Rome as if he were there.-Alan talked about Rome as if he had been there.(注：如果主句的谓语动词为系动词，如：如果主句的谓语动词为系动词，如：appear,seem,feel,smell,taste等，从句一般用陈述句。）等，从句一般用陈述句。）-She looks as if she is going to cry.六、if only引导的从句中（用法与wish同）-If only I had money,I could buy a car.-If on

10、ly he had told me about it last Friday!第11页/共26页七、It is(about,high)time -It is high time that we began to work,-It is(about)time that children went to school.八、would rather,would sooner引导的从句中 对现在或将来的虚拟用过去时；对过去的虚拟用过去完成对现在或将来的虚拟用过去时；对过去的虚拟用过去完成时 -Id rather you posted the letter right away.-Id rather w

11、e didnt go to see a film this evening.-I would sooner you had returned the book yesterday.第12页/共26页九、虚拟语气的特殊用法 but for（要不是）,but that（要不是）,without,otherwise,or,but,in the absence of 等隐含或相当于一个条件句 -But for your timely help,we would not have achieved so much in our work.If we had not got your timely hel

12、p,we would not have achieved so much in our work.-He felt very tired yesterday,or he would have helped you.第13页/共26页情态动词的主要考点情态动词的主要考点情态动词+have+过去分词：表示对过去的行为的推测或评判 1.must+have+过去分词:一定是 2.may+have+过去分词:很可能 3.cant+have+过去分词:不可能 4.should+have+过去分词 =ought to have+过去分词:本应该 should not+have+过去分词:本不应该 5.nee

13、dnt have+过去分词:本不必要.第14页/共26页1.must+have+过去分词:一定是-Marys score on the test is the highest in her class,she must have studied very hard.2.may+have+过去分词:很可能-They havent come yet.They may have missed the train.3.cant+have+过去分词:不可能-He cant have left Shanghai because the train ticket was still on the desk.

14、第15页/共26页4.should+have+过去分词 =ought to have+过去分词:本应该 should not+have+过去分词:本不应该-You should have told me earlier so that I could meet you at the airport.-With all this work on hand,he shouldnt have gone to the cinema last night.5.neednt have+过去分词:本不必要.-You neednt have done all those calculations!We hav

15、e a computer to do thast sort of thing.第16页/共26页 非谓语动词非谓语动词1.I forgot to bring my book.2.I enjoy reading newspapers.3.I know the student talking with the professor.4.I like the books written by Luxun.不定式动名词现在分词过去分词第17页/共26页1.stop doing:停止做(某事)stop to do :停下来去做(某事)2.forget doing:忘记做过(某事)forget to do:

16、忘记要去做(某事)3.mean doing:为.征兆;意味着.mean to do:意欲;本意为4.try doing:尝试做(某事)try to do:尽力做(某事)5.remember doing:记得做过(某事)remember to do:要去做(某事)可跟动名词也可跟不定式的动词可跟动名词也可跟不定式的动词第18页/共26页独立主格结构独立主格结构比较以下句子比较以下句子1.When he came down the mountain,he met his old friend.2.When the teacher came out of the classroom,his stud

17、ents followed him.Coming down the mountain,he met his old friend.The teacher came out of the classroom,his students following him.现在分词作伴随状语现在分词作伴随状语独立结构独立结构第19页/共26页将下列句子该成独立结构 If weather permits,we are going to work outside.Weather permitting,we are going to work outside.After his work was finished

18、,he packed his tools and left.His work finished,he packed his tools and left.After her mother had passed away,she had to take care of her sisters.Her mother having passed away,she had to take care of her sisters.独立主格结构基本结构:名词+分词;有时用with引导 After they settled the question,they went home.With the quest

19、ion settled,they went home.第20页/共26页同位语从句：对名词作进一步补充说明，是补充说明前面名词的具体内容。定语从句：起修饰、限定作用，与它所修饰的名词是从属关系。比较：比较：1.The news that he has got fully recovered is encouraging.(同位语从句)2.The news that/which he has told me is encouraging.(定语从句)同位语从句同位语从句第21页/共26页 同位语从句前的名词往往是以下这些：belief,fact,hope,idea,doubt,news,rumo

20、r,conclusion,evidence,suggestion,decision,explanation,information,opinion,possibility,truth,promise,report,-Scientists have reached the conclusion that the temperature on the earth is getting higher and higher.-The fact that he has spoken to the press about this has caused us a good deal of embarras

21、sment.第22页/共26页 月份月份1月：January Jan.2月：February Feb.3月：March Mar.4月：April Apr.5月：May /6月：June Jun.7月：July Jul.8月：August Aug.9月：September Sept.10月：October Oct.11月：November Nov.12月：December Dec.第23页/共26页 星星 期期星期一 Monday 星期二 Tuesday星期三 Wednesday星期四 Thursday星期五 Friday星期六 Saturday星期日 Sunday第24页/共26页第25页/共26页感谢您的观看！第26页/共26页