应试英语听力——短对话长对话学习教案.pptx

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1、会计学1应试应试(yngsh)英语听力英语听力短对话长对短对话长对话话第一页，共37页。一、大学一、大学一、大学一、大学(dxu)(dxu)英语四级考试对听力能力的要求英语四级考试对听力能力的要求英语四级考试对听力能力的要求英语四级考试对听力能力的要求 大学(dxu)英语课程教学基本要求对学生英语听力能力的一般要求(即四级水平)可以量化为：能听懂英语授课、能听懂日常英语谈话和一般性题材讲座、能基本听懂英语慢速节目，语速130词每分钟，并能运用基本听力技巧帮助理解中心思想和信息要点，准确率不低于70%。第1页/共37页第二页，共37页。二二二二 、大学英语四级听力考试大学英语四级听力考试大学英语

2、四级听力考试大学英语四级听力考试(k(k osh)osh)的题型分析的题型分析的题型分析的题型分析 （1）八个短对话）八个短对话（short conversation）题型一般涉及时间，地点，职题型一般涉及时间，地点，职业，关系，活动，态度，观点或业，关系，活动，态度，观点或者者 看法，直接含义，间接暗示等。看法，直接含义，间接暗示等。（2）两组长对话）两组长对话(long conversation)题型一般随话轮的交替而追问事题型一般随话轮的交替而追问事件的先后次序、事件的因果关系、件的先后次序、事件的因果关系、事件的逻辑对比和对照等关系，事件的逻辑对比和对照等关系，以及对话一方的行为和打算

3、等。以及对话一方的行为和打算等。（3）短文理解）短文理解(passage)一般由三篇题材熟悉，内容难度一般由三篇题材熟悉，内容难度适当，话题比较流行，字数在适当，话题比较流行，字数在250字左右的小品文或者小故事字左右的小品文或者小故事(gsh)组成。问题往往涉及短文组成。问题往往涉及短文中重要细节，中心思想，作者态中重要细节，中心思想，作者态度，特殊词汇的理解。度，特殊词汇的理解。（4）复合式听写）复合式听写(compound dictation)包括两个部分，第一部分的空格包括两个部分，第一部分的空格要求考生根据录音内容准确地填要求考生根据录音内容准确地填出空格所缺词汇，一般为每空一出空格

4、所缺词汇，一般为每空一个单词。第二部分要求考生听完个单词。第二部分要求考生听完后根据自己的理解写出文章中所后根据自己的理解写出文章中所缺少的信息。考生可以根据正确缺少的信息。考生可以根据正确理解，用自己的话语，也可以用理解，用自己的话语，也可以用听到的原文。复合式听写的短文听到的原文。复合式听写的短文长度一般为长度一般为250词左右，全文朗读词左右，全文朗读三遍，第二遍速度较慢，中间有三遍，第二遍速度较慢，中间有停顿。停顿。第2页/共37页第三页，共37页。三、短对话三、短对话(duhu)特点：特点：n n短对话是四级考试中固定而且相对简单的题型，共8组,每组对话长度为几十词左右，由一男一女朗

5、读，之后问一个问题，要求考生从四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。其中绝大部分题的答案不在对话中明示，需要考生根据听到的内容进行推测。对话内容涵盖了日常生活的方方面面(fn fn min min)，如学习、工作、娱乐、交通等。第3页/共37页第四页，共37页。n n根据所提出问题的内容和针对性，四级听力短对话根据所提出问题的内容和针对性，四级听力短对话可分为以下六类：可分为以下六类：n n 1.“1.“言外之意言外之意(yn wi zh y)”(yn wi zh y)”题题n n 2.2.观点态度题观点态度题n n 3.3.虚拟语气题虚拟语气题n n 4.4.理解归纳题理解归纳题n n 5.5.生活场

6、景题生活场景题n n 6.6.语气态度题语气态度题四、短对话分类(fn li)及应对策略第4页/共37页第五页，共37页。1.“1.“言外之意言外之意言外之意言外之意(yn wi zh y)”(yn wi zh y)”题型题型题型题型 这类题型难度较高，对话中的回答者不从正面回答问题，似乎答非所问,一些句子的真实含义也不是直截了当地摆在我们面前，而是要根据对话中的内容去寻找与其相关的信息以及它们之间的联系(linx)。这就需要我们运用解题的逻辑思维与推理来找到正确答案。根据回答者的语气判断主要有陈述回答和疑问回答。短对话短对话(duhu)第5页/共37页第六页，共37页。n n陈述回答型陈述回

7、答型n n例：例：M:I need M:I need toto find a dentist;you said you know find a dentist;you said you know n n Dr.Smith well,do you recommend her?Dr.Smith well,do you recommend her?n n W:Well,I had W:Well,I had toto see her a few times,but what see her a few times,but what n n impressed me most was the magaz

8、ines in her impressed me most was the magazines in her n n waiting room.waiting room.n n Q:What does the woman imply?Q:What does the woman imply?n n A)Dr.Smiths waiting room isnt tidy.A)Dr.Smiths waiting room isnt tidy.n n B)Dr.Smith enjoys reading magazines.B)Dr.Smith enjoys reading magazines.n n C

9、)Dr.Smith has left a good impression on her.C)Dr.Smith has left a good impression on her.n n D)Dr.Smith may not be a good choice.D)Dr.Smith may not be a good choice.n n 言外之意：女士丝毫不提史密斯的医术如何，只说了一言外之意：女士丝毫不提史密斯的医术如何，只说了一些无关些无关(wgun)(wgun)紧紧 要的琐事，无非是暗示她的医术很烂，要的琐事，无非是暗示她的医术很烂，故不愿意向男士推荐。故不愿意向男士推荐。短对话短对话(d

10、uhu)第6页/共37页第七页，共37页。n n疑问疑问(ywn)(ywn)回答型回答型n n例：例：W:I hear that the Edwards are thinking of buying another W:I hear that the Edwards are thinking of buying another n n house.house.n n M:Should they be doing that with all the other expenses M:Should they be doing that with all the other expenses n n

11、 they have they have toto pay?Anyhow,they are over 70 now,their pay?Anyhow,they are over 70 now,their n n present house is not too bad.present house is not too bad.n n Q:What does the man imply?Q:What does the man imply?n n A)The Edwards are quite well-off.A)The Edwards are quite well-off.n n B)The

12、Edwards should cut down on their living expenses.B)The Edwards should cut down on their living expenses.n n C)Itll be unwise for the Edwards C)Itll be unwise for the Edwards toto buy another house.buy another house.n n D)Its too expensive for the Edwards D)Its too expensive for the Edwards toto live

13、 in their present live in their present n n house.house.n n言外之意：用划线问句这个结构表示说话人的反对情绪。言外之意：用划线问句这个结构表示说话人的反对情绪。短对话短对话(duhu)第7页/共37页第八页，共37页。2.2.观点观点观点观点(gundi(gundi n)n)态度题型态度题型态度题型态度题型例：例：例：例：W:I am worried about Jenny going W:I am worried about Jenny going toto college.College college.College studen

14、ts are so wild nowadays.students are so wild nowadays.M:Actually,only a few are like that.Most students are too M:Actually,only a few are like that.Most students are too busy studying busy studying toto have time have time toto cause trouble.cause trouble.Q:What does the man imply?Q:What does the ma

15、n imply?A)He doesnt want Jenny A)He doesnt want Jenny toto get into trouble.get into trouble.B)He doesnt agree with the womans remark.B)He doesnt agree with the womans remark.C)He thinks Jennys workload too heavy at college.C)He thinks Jennys workload too heavy at college.D)He believes most college

16、students are running wild.D)He believes most college students are running wild.分析：从男士说话中的分析：从男士说话中的分析：从男士说话中的分析：从男士说话中的actuallyactually一词可以听出他并不同意女士刚刚一词可以听出他并不同意女士刚刚一词可以听出他并不同意女士刚刚一词可以听出他并不同意女士刚刚说的内容，他有自己的想法，类似的词语还有说的内容，他有自己的想法，类似的词语还有说的内容，他有自己的想法，类似的词语还有说的内容，他有自己的想法，类似的词语还有in factin fact，这也提醒，这也提醒，

17、这也提醒，这也提醒我们我们我们我们(w men)(w men)，抓住短对话中的小词去揣摩说话人的态度也是，抓住短对话中的小词去揣摩说话人的态度也是，抓住短对话中的小词去揣摩说话人的态度也是，抓住短对话中的小词去揣摩说话人的态度也是非常关键的。非常关键的。非常关键的。非常关键的。短对话短对话(duhu)第8页/共37页第九页，共37页。3.3.虚拟语气题型虚拟语气题型虚拟语气题型虚拟语气题型 这属于一种隐性考法，用虚拟语气表达这属于一种隐性考法，用虚拟语气表达(biod)(biod)一种抱怨、后悔等情绪，体一种抱怨、后悔等情绪，体现虚拟语气的关键词有：现虚拟语气的关键词有：if,if only,

18、I only wish.,couldnt have done if,if only,I only wish.,couldnt have done something.without.something.without.等。等。例：例：M:I wonder if you find my experience relevant M:I wonder if you find my experience relevant toto the job.the job.W:Yes,certainly,but if only you had sent in your application W:Yes,cer

19、tainly,but if only you had sent in your application letter a week earlier.letter a week earlier.Q:What does the woman imply?Q:What does the woman imply?A)The man is not suitable for the position.A)The man is not suitable for the position.B)The job has been given B)The job has been given toto someone

20、 else.someone else.C)She had received only one application letter.C)She had received only one application letter.D)The application arrived a week earlier than expected.D)The application arrived a week earlier than expected.短对话短对话(duhu)第9页/共37页第十页，共37页。4.4.理解理解理解理解(l(l ji)ji)归纳题型归纳题型归纳题型归纳题型 这类题型难度这类

21、题型难度(nd)(nd)颇高，关键在于后者话语中的生词及细节较多，颇高，关键在于后者话语中的生词及细节较多，很难在短时间内完全把握对话的实质内容。很难在短时间内完全把握对话的实质内容。例：例：M:Excuse me,Madam?Is the air-conditioning on?This M:Excuse me,Madam?Is the air-conditioning on?This room is getting as hot as a furnace room is getting as hot as a furnace（火炉）（火炉）.W:Sorry,sir,a new epidem

22、ic(W:Sorry,sir,a new epidemic(流行病流行病)called SARS is )called SARS is threatening us right now.As a preventative measure(threatening us right now.As a preventative measure(预预 防措施防措施),we are told),we are told toto let in fresh air by opening the let in fresh air by opening the windows and not windows a

23、nd not toto use air-conditioners.use air-conditioners.Q:What does the woman mean?Q:What does the woman mean?A)The temperature is not as high as the man claims.A)The temperature is not as high as the man claims.B)The room will get cool if the man opens the windows.B)The room will get cool if the man

24、opens the windows.C)She is following instructions not C)She is following instructions not toto use the air-conditioning.use the air-conditioning.D)She is afraid the new epidemic SARS will soon spread all D)She is afraid the new epidemic SARS will soon spread all over town.over town.短对话短对话(duhu)第10页/

25、共37页第十一页，共37页。5.5.生活生活生活生活(shnghu)(shnghu)场景题型场景题型场景题型场景题型短对话短对话(duhu)学习场景学习场景选课场景选课场景(选修课程、必修课程、课程难度、教授要求、同选修课程、必修课程、课程难度、教授要求、同学推荐、参考书目学推荐、参考书目)、作业场景、作业场景(教师与学生、学生与学生、教师与学生、学生与学生、课程作业、课程论文、学期论文、期中课程作业、课程论文、学期论文、期中(q zhn)测试、测试、单元小节等单元小节等)，考试（临时抱佛脚），论文（进展），听演，考试（临时抱佛脚），论文（进展），听演讲或报告（枯燥），同学互助（帮忙补课），图

26、书馆场景讲或报告（枯燥），同学互助（帮忙补课），图书馆场景(借书、还书、丢书、续借、查询、罚单等借书、还书、丢书、续借、查询、罚单等)英语交际通常使用一种模式化的语言，在固定的场景中其词汇和表达也相对比较固定，平时注意积累场景高频词汇和习惯表达，考生只要在复习时重点突出，强化训练，就可以在四级听力短对话部分做到未听半知的状态。第11页/共37页第十二页，共37页。生活场景 看病（要耐心），生病（尽早治疗），看病后（及时调养，不能劳累），不良生活习惯（吸烟、酗酒对身体有害），天气场景(天气变化、温度变化、降水、降雪、风沙等灾害性天气、租房场景(租金(zjn)、押金以及数额、支付方式、房客应遵循的

27、规则、对房屋设施等的介绍)、娱乐场景(影院、剧院、舞厅、球场、游泳等娱乐设施)，餐馆场景(定座、点菜、结账、小费、投诉等场景词汇)，面试场景(个人爱好、兴趣、教育背景、工作经历、对应聘职位的了解和期盼、对工资待遇和上班时间的特殊要求等)，搭乘飞机（预定机票、推迟、改签），天气原因（导致航班延误），交通事故（事故原因或导致迟到）等四级听力常见场景四级听力常见场景四级听力常见场景四级听力常见场景(ch(ch(ch(ch ng jng jng jng j ng)ng)ng)ng)词汇补充词汇补充词汇补充词汇补充第12页/共37页第十三页，共37页。6.6.语气语气语气语气(y(y q)q)态度题型态

28、度题型态度题型态度题型 这这类类题题型型出出现现的的不不多多，主主要要特特征征是是：回回答答者者说说话话内内容容(nirng)(nirng)较短，需从说话者语气中把握其含义。较短，需从说话者语气中把握其含义。例：例：W:Shouldnt someone go pick up the clothes from the W:Shouldnt someone go pick up the clothes from the laundry?They were ready three hours ago.laundry?They were ready three hours ago.M:Dont loo

29、k at me,Mom.M:Dont look at me,Mom.Q:What does the boy mean?Q:What does the boy mean?A)Hes unwilling A)Hes unwilling toto fetch the laundry.fetch the laundry.B)He has already picked up the laundry.B)He has already picked up the laundry.C)He will go before the laundry is closed.C)He will go before the

30、 laundry is closed.D)He thinks his mother should get the clothes back.D)He thinks his mother should get the clothes back.分析：从男士说话语气看出他不愿意去。分析：从男士说话语气看出他不愿意去。短对话短对话(duhu)第13页/共37页第十四页，共37页。实战实战实战实战(shzhn)(shzhn)：20102010年年年年1212月四级听力短对话月四级听力短对话月四级听力短对话月四级听力短对话1818题题题题 18.A She is black and blue all o

31、ver.18.A She is black and blue all over.B She has to go to see a doctor.B She has to go to see a doctor.C She stayed away from work for a few days.C She stayed away from work for a few days.D She got hurt in an accident yesterday.D She got hurt in an accident yesterday.W:My hand still hurts from the

32、 fall on the ice yesterday.I wonder if I broke something.M:Im no doctor,but its not black and blue or anything.Maybe you just need to rest it for a few days.Q:what do we learn about the woman from the conversation?解析：Woman说的第一句话是My hands still hurts from the fall on the ice yesterday.从中可知这位女士昨天在冰上滑倒

33、受伤了，但是男士认为伤势并不严重，只建议她休养几天就可以了，不必去看医生。C是较强的干扰项，应该是女士现在需要休息(xi xi)而不是过去已经休息(xi xi)了几天，故选D。短对话短对话(duhu)2012201220122012年年年年6 6 6 6月四级短对话真题月四级短对话真题月四级短对话真题月四级短对话真题第14页/共37页第十五页，共37页。五、长对话五、长对话五、长对话五、长对话(duhu)(duhu)（long long conversationconversation）n n长对话共两篇，每篇长对话共两篇，每篇120250120250词左右，共词左右，共7 7道题。长对道题。

34、长对话考查的理解和分析侧重于对话内容的整体性。因此，话考查的理解和分析侧重于对话内容的整体性。因此，长对话的听音重点在于对话的主题大意，对话推进的长对话的听音重点在于对话的主题大意，对话推进的过程或双方总体的观点和立场。它融合了短对话的特过程或双方总体的观点和立场。它融合了短对话的特点，但不是短对话的简单叠加。长对话的细节点，但不是短对话的简单叠加。长对话的细节(xji)(xji)没有短对话考得那么细，弯也没拐那么多，但对话中没有短对话考得那么细，弯也没拐那么多，但对话中涉及的各因素仍是理解和分析长对话所依赖的强有力涉及的各因素仍是理解和分析长对话所依赖的强有力的工具。的工具。第15页/共37

35、页第十六页，共37页。n n长对话虽然在难度上增加不大，但是话轮的频繁更替对学生短时记忆和快速提取信息的能力提出了更为严峻的挑战。建议训练时要抓紧时间审题、读选项、做笔记，否则(fuz)考试中很难适应。长对话长对话(duhu)第16页/共37页第十七页，共37页。对于长对话而言，做出正确选择的关键就是对于长对话而言，做出正确选择的关键就是对于长对话而言，做出正确选择的关键就是对于长对话而言，做出正确选择的关键就是(jish)(jish)把握住把握住把握住把握住对话的中心思想，经常涉及到的有以下几种情况：对话的中心思想，经常涉及到的有以下几种情况：对话的中心思想，经常涉及到的有以下几种情况：对话

36、的中心思想，经常涉及到的有以下几种情况：n n学习相关类学习相关类n n 学习相关类往往是长对话的重点。内容粗略可分为教务场景学习相关类往往是长对话的重点。内容粗略可分为教务场景(ch(ch ng jng j ng)ng)（学期计划、（学期计划、调课信息、考试安排、课程介绍），选课场景调课信息、考试安排、课程介绍），选课场景(ch(ch ng jng j ng)ng)（课程难易、好坏），补课（课程难易、好坏），补课场景场景(ch(ch ng jng j ng)ng)（会牵扯到专业内容）和论文场景（会牵扯到专业内容）和论文场景(ch(ch ng jng j ng)ng)（论文题目、查找资料）（论

37、文题目、查找资料）等等n n生活相关类生活相关类n n 包括体育场景包括体育场景(ch(ch ng jng j ng)ng)（热门运动），娱乐场景（热门运动），娱乐场景(ch(ch ng jng j ng)ng)（郊游、运动、听音（郊游、运动、听音乐会），租房场景乐会），租房场景(ch(ch ng jng j ng)ng)（价格、地理位置）等（价格、地理位置）等 n n工作相关类工作相关类 n n 面试技巧面试技巧 （应聘条件、工资待遇、工作环境、工作时间）（应聘条件、工资待遇、工作环境、工作时间）六、六、长对话应对长对话应对(yngdu)策略策略长对话长对话第17页/共37页第十八页，共37

38、页。n n解题技巧n n（1）预读选项 n n a.注意重复的词语 n n b.注意各个选项中的不同点 n n（2）排除明显错误的选项 n n（3）把握做题的节奏 n n（4）提高短期记忆能力(nngl)，学会脑笔同记n n（5）熟悉各种固定的提问形式 长对话长对话(duhu)第18页/共37页第十九页，共37页。Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.22.A

39、 By reading a newspaper ad.C By listening to the morning news.22.A By reading a newspaper ad.C By listening to the morning news.B By seeing a commercial on TV.D By calling an employment service.B By seeing a commercial on TV.D By calling an employment service.23.A She could improve her foreign langu

40、ages.23.A She could improve her foreign languages.B She could work close to her family.B She could work close to her family.C She could travel overseas frequently.C She could travel overseas frequently.D She could use her previous experiences.D She could use her previous experiences.24.A Taking mana

41、gement courses.C Working as a secretary.24.A Taking management courses.C Working as a secretary.B Teaching English at a university.D Studying for a degree in French.B Teaching English at a university.D Studying for a degree in French.25.A Prepare for an interview in a couple of days.25.A Prepare for

42、 an interview in a couple of days.B Read the advertisement again for more details.B Read the advertisement again for more details.C Send in a written application as soon as possible.C Send in a written application as soon as possible.D Get to know the candidates on the short list.D Get to know the c

43、andidates on the short list.实战(shzhn)：2010年12月四级听力长对话长对话长对话(duhu)第19页/共37页第二十页，共37页。n nW:Good morning,Im calling about the job that was in the paper last night.W:Good morning,Im calling about the job that was in the paper last night.M:Well,could you tell me your name?M:Well,could you tell me your na

44、me?W:Candider Forsett.W:Candider Forsett.M:Oh yes.What exactly is it that interests you about the job?M:Oh yes.What exactly is it that interests you about the job?W:Well,I thought it was just right for me.W:Well,I thought it was just right for me.M:Really?Um Could you tell me a little about yourself

45、?M:Really?Um Could you tell me a little about yourself?W:Yes.Im 23.Ive been working abroad.W:Yes.Im 23.Ive been working abroad.M:Where exactly have you been working?M:Where exactly have you been working?W:In Geneva.W:In Geneva.M:Oh,Geneva.And what were you doing there?M:Oh,Geneva.And what were you d

46、oing there?W:Secretarial work.Previous to that,I was at university.W:Secretarial work.Previous to that,I was at university.长对话长对话(duhu)原文原文(yunwn)第20页/共37页第二十一页，共37页。M:Which university was that?M:Which university was that?W:The University of Manchester.Ive got a degree in English.W:The University of

47、 Manchester.Ive got a degree in English.M:You said youve been working in Geneva.Do you have any special reason M:You said youve been working in Geneva.Do you have any special reason for wanting to come back?for wanting to come back?W:I thought it would be nice to be near to the family.W:I thought it

48、 would be nice to be near to the family.M:I see,and how do you see yourself developing in this job?M:I see,and how do you see yourself developing in this job?W:Well,Im ambitious.I do hope that my career as a secretary will lead me W:Well,Im ambitious.I do hope that my career as a secretary will lead

49、 me eventually into management.eventually into management.M:I see.You have foreign languages?M:I see.You have foreign languages?W:French and Italian.W:French and Italian.M:Well,I think the best thing for you to do is do reply a writing to the M:Well,I think the best thing for you to do is do reply a

50、 writing to the advertisement.advertisement.长对话长对话(duhu)第21页/共37页第二十二页，共37页。W:Cant I arrange for an interview now?W:Cant I arrange for an interview now?M:Well,Im afraid we must wait until all the applications are in,in writing,and M:Well,Im afraid we must wait until all the applications are in,in wr