考研英语大作文一.pptx

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1、考研英语大作文考研英语大作文Practice Makes Perfect!Chapter 14LiuShenghuaSchool of Foreign StudiesHuanggang Normal UniversitySeptember,2012第1页/共82页大纲解读大纲解读LiuShenghuaSchool of Foreign StudiesHuanggang Normal UniversitySeptember,2012第2页/共82页一、大纲解读：一、大纲解读：（一）评价目标：（一）评价目标：考生应能写一般描述性、叙述性描述性、叙述性和说明或议论性和说明或议论性的文章。短文写作时，

2、考生应能：做到语法、拼写、标点正确，用词恰当；遵循文章的特定文体格式；合理组织文章结构文章结构，使其内容统一、连贯内容统一、连贯；根据写作目的和特定读者，恰当使用语域。第3页/共82页（二）考试内容：（二）考试内容：B节：要求考生根据提示信息写出一篇160200词词高质量的议论文（标点符号不计算在内）。提示信息的形式有主题句、写作提纲、主题句、写作提纲、规定情景、图、表规定情景、图、表等。近几年来则集中体现为灵活多变、隐含寓意的图示、漫画作文和具有学术分析特点的图表作文。这要求考生要精确设置构架，内容、例子紧扣主题，并且严谨地遣词造句。考生在答题卡2上作答。满分20分分。第4页/共82页（三）

3、评分原则和方法：（三）评分原则和方法：1、虽然A、B两节的考查要点有所不同，但对考生写作能力的基本要求是相同的，所以一般评分标准对两节都适用。但根据两节的不同考查要点，评分是会有不同的侧重点。B节节B节作文的评分重点在于内内容的完整性容的完整性、文章的连贯组文章的连贯组织性织性、语法结构和词汇的多语法结构和词汇的多样性样性及语言的准确性语言的准确性。第5页/共82页2、评分时，先根据文章的内容和语言确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来给分。评分人员在档内有13分的调节分。3、B节作文的字数要求是160200词。文章长度不符合要求的，酌情扣分。4、拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个方面。评分时，视

4、其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。英、美拼写及词汇用法均可接受。5、如书写较差，以致影响交际，将分数降低一个档次。第6页/共82页有图作文思路（1）写作三段论）写作三段论Introduction图画描述段，引言段，起始段Body主体/拓展段,意义阐释段 【消极寓意类 积极寓意类】Conclusion结论段，建议措施段第7页/共82页（2）三段安排）三段安排等边六边形结构 三段论首段3-4句中间段5-6句尾段3-4句第8页/共82页图画描述段的写法三至四句(50-55词)：1.General description：总体描述 寻找出图画的中心事物，确定中心事物 的位置，从动作和状态两方面来描述画面中的

5、中心事物；2.Details：挖掘细节词，联结成句 寻找中心事物周围相关的事物，并进行简单的描述(细节描述）3.Caption：文字说明 若图画下方有 caption，可将其翻译为英语9第9页/共82页描述段写法描述段写法LiuShenghuaSchool of Foreign StudiesHuanggang Normal UniversitySeptember,2012第10页/共82页范例范例确定关键词：确定关键词：中心中心火锅火锅 hot pot细节细节文化元素文化元素cultural elements/ingredients/terms文化名人文化名人cultural celebri

6、ty第11页/共82页提示语的翻译提示语的翻译文化“火锅”，既美味又营养The caption reads,“Cultural hot pot,both delicious and nutritious”Line of text below the picture reads,“Cultural hot pot,both delicious and nutritious”第12页/共82页连词成句连词成句宏观概述宏观概述+细节描述细节描述 一个大大的火锅，火锅里有很多东西方文一个大大的火锅，火锅里有很多东西方文化元素的名字，比如：莎士比亚、孔子、化元素的名字，比如：莎士比亚、孔子、京剧、天鹅湖

7、等。京剧、天鹅湖等。There is a hot pot in the picture.In the hot pot we can see many cultural terms,such as.第13页/共82页改善表达改善表达In the picture stands a hot pot,which contains/containing/in which we can see a variety of/various cultural terms/ingredients/elements of both western and eastern background,such as Sha

8、kespeare,Confucius,Beijing Opera,Swan Lake and so on.第14页/共82页段落合成段落合成（宏观概述宏观概述）In the picture above is/stands a large hot pot,（细节描述细节描述)which contains a variety of/various cultural terms/ingredients/elements of both western and eastern background,such as Shakespeare,Confucius,Beijing Opera,Swan Lak

9、e and so on.（提示语翻译提示语翻译）The caption reads,“Cultural hot pot,both delicious and nutritious”（结尾套话结尾套话）By carefully examining this picture,we find a deeper social message is transmitted to us.第15页/共82页练习练习 确定关键词：确定关键词：中心中心残疾人残疾人disabled/handicapped men相互搀扶相互搀扶help/support each other with firm hands向前奔跑

10、向前奔跑running/walking/striding forward细节细节扔下拐杖扔下拐杖crutches left behind两腿绑在一起两腿绑在一起legs bound together第16页/共82页legs bound togethercrutches left behindcaptionrunning/walking/striding forward第17页/共82页连词成句连词成句宏观概述+细节描述 两个残疾青年，抛开拐杖，两腿绑在一起，相互搀扶正在向前奔跑。Two disabled young men,with crutches left behind and legs

11、 bound together,are supporting each other with their firm hands and running forward on the ground.Two handicapped young men are striding forward on the ground.Crutches left behind and legs bound together,they are supporting each other with their firm hands.第18页/共82页提示语的翻译提示语的翻译你一条腿 我一条腿 你我一起 走南闯北The

12、 caption indicates that they can travel north and south extensively with combined legs.The caption reads,“You have only/merely one leg and so do I.Helping each other,we can travel all around”第19页/共82页合成语段合成语段（宏观概述宏观概述）As is vividly depicted in the picture,there are two disabled/handicapped young men

13、 running/walking/striding forward(现在分词伴随状语)on the ground/in the fields.（细节描细节描述述）Legs bound together and crutches left behind,they are supporting each other with their firm hands.（提示语翻译提示语翻译）“You have only/merely one leg and so do I.Helping each other,we can travel all around”,the caption reads.（结尾套

14、话结尾套话）By carefully examining this picture,we find a deeper social message is transmitted to us.第20页/共82页描述段写法总结：描述段写法总结：第1句：宏观概括(图画最直观信息，中心事物)第2-3句：细节描述（中心事物周围相关的事物）第4句：提示语翻译第5句：结尾套话第21页/共82页More examples:1.如图所示，在椅子上有一个年轻人，希望理发师把自己的头发理成贝克汉姆的样子。As is vividly drawn in the picture,in the chair sits a y

15、oung man,having his hair cut as cool as David Beckham.第22页/共82页倒装倒装非谓语动词非谓语动词/非限定非限定性定语从句性定语从句WithWith结构结构 (改）As is vividly shown in the photo,in the sunshine stands a pretty American girl,(who is)in traditional Chinese costume,wearing necklace and its like,with a sweet smile on her face.2.初写：There

16、is a pretty American girl in the picture.The girl is in Chinese traditional costume and wears necklace.She is smiling happily.第23页/共82页3.如图所示，黑暗中有一盏小小的油灯，它向周围散发着光亮。As is shown in the cartoon,in the darkness happily stands a candle.It spreads brightness around itself.As is shown in the cartoon,in the

17、 darkness happily stands a candle,spreading brightness around itself.第24页/共82页4.As is shown in the cartoon,on the playground runs a young man,rushing to the final,which is defined as another start one.第25页/共82页5.（2009）As is illustrated in the cartoon,1 each(every)person sits in their own work room.I

18、n front of them is a computer.Everyone looks at the screen carefully,and communicates with their colleagues through the net instead of talking face to face.Their work places are placed like a net.2 And below the cartoon,there is a topic which says:the near and far among the Internet.3 第26页/共82页描述段写作

19、套路与表达描述段写作套路与表达(宏观概括)As is vividly depicted/portrayed in the picture,中心事物动作或状态+(细节描述)with/ing/ed/which/who+(提示语翻译)The caption indicates that/reads：“”+(结尾套话)By carefully examining this picture,we find a deeper social message is transmitted to us.第27页/共82页第一段常用首句写法第一段常用首句写法1.The picture/drawing/cartoo

20、n/above vividly/interestingly/humorously describe+名词这幅图生动地/有2.Indicated above is a picture that portrays+名词如图所示，上面的图画描述了。趣地/幽默地描述了。3.As is shown/depicted in the above picture,如图所示（后接完整单独句子描写图画）。4.There are,according to this vivid picture,a young boy 第28页/共82页第一段常用末句写法第一段常用末句写法1.But is this what the

21、author means to tell us?Certainly not.但是这真是作者想要告诉我们的吗？当然不是了但是这真是作者想要告诉我们的吗？当然不是了。2.Funny(Simple)as the picture is,the symbolic meaning is as deep as ocean.尽管图画很有趣（简单），图画的含义确如大海尽管图画很有趣（简单），图画的含义确如大海一样深。一样深。3.The authors real purpose is not the fact itself,but to lead us to find what hides behind the

22、iceberg.作者的真实目的不是图画本身，作者的真实目的不是图画本身，而是要引导我们而是要引导我们去探求在图画背后究竟隐藏着什么去探求在图画背后究竟隐藏着什么。第29页/共82页Exercise以上的照片生动地显示出来，相貌英俊的英国足球巨星贝克汉姆在年轻人中广受欢迎。在 第一张照片中，贝克汉姆的名字出现在一个年轻人的额头上，文字表明：对偶像的崇拜写在了脸上。在第二张照片中，这个年轻人正在理发店中做贝克汉姆的时髦发 型。我们得到的信息是他正花300元来模仿偶像的发式(2006年）第30页/共82页Exercise As is vividly depicted in the photos ab

23、ove,Beckham,the handsome British football superstar,is enjoying a striking popularity among young people.In the first photo,Beckhams name appears on a young mans face.The caption indicates that worship for the idol is written on the face.In the second photo,this young man is doing Beckhams chic hair

24、style in a barbershop.We are informed that he is spending 300 yuan imitating his idols hairdo.第31页/共82页 正如图画形象地描绘，一个男人和女人，可能是一对情人，在游览的小船上享乐，并把各种各样的垃圾扔进湖里，如：鱼骨、套餐、塑料袋等。图画下写着说明文字：“旅途之余”。(2011年）As is vividly sketched out in the drawing,a man and a woman,probably a couple,are enjoying themselves in a si

25、ghtseeing boat,throwing various rubbish into the lake,such as fish bones,food containers,and plastic bags.Written below the picture is the caption:“The leftovers of the Journey”.第32页/共82页（二）图画作文写作（二）图画作文写作考研论说文考研论说文1.框架结构：框架结构：第一段：图画描述，第一段：图画描述，3句句总体描述：人物总体描述：人物/动物动物/事物动作事物动作/服装环境服装环境/表情，表情，1句句挖掘细节词

26、、串连成句：挖掘细节词、串连成句：12句句文字说明文字说明/象征寓意：象征寓意：1句句第33页/共82页第二段：意义阐释，第二段：意义阐释，5句句主题句：象征寓意，1句论证：3句基础一般的同学：基础一般的同学：讲原因：讲故事：联系现实：图画作文创作原则（以小见大，把握象征寓意，个体想为群体，具体想为抽象）小结：1句第二段：意义阐释，第二段：意义阐释，5句句主题句：象征寓意，1句论证：3句基础较好的同学：基础较好的同学：五大角度：背景、事实、反方观点、原因、后果六种手段：因果、分类、定义解释、统计事实、举例、正反论证小结：1句第34页/共82页第三段：建议措施，第三段：建议措施，4句句结论句：1

27、句针对双方提建议：2句包装结尾、展望未来：1句第35页/共82页2.启承转合：启承转合：启：启动观点、开篇点题承：观点承接、正面论证First(ly)In the first place First and foremost Above all On the one handFor one thing,Second(ly)In the second place BesidesIn additionWhat is more Furthermore MoreoverOn the other hand For anotherThird(ly)(The)Last but not(the)leastMo

28、re importantly Even worse第36页/共82页转：观点转折、反面论证Conversely Nevertheless Unfortunately WhereasYet Instead In/By comparison/contrast,On the contrary合：文章结尾、合并归纳As a result/consequence Consequently AccordinglyThus Hence Generally/Briefly speaking 第37页/共82页l3.图画作文范文图画作文范文1.2003 Directions:Study the followin

29、g pictures carefully and write an essay about 200 words based on the followingdescribe the set of drawings and interpret its meaningpoint out its implications in our life.第38页/共82页范文范文：【第一段】The set of drawings above vividly depicts the destiny of a flower in different circumstances.As is shown in th

30、e first cartoon,the flower is placed in a comfortable greenhouse which shelters it from the threatening lightening and storm.With proper temperature,moisture and fertilizer,the flower is growing in full bloom.On the contrary,when removed from the greenhouse and exposed to the driving rain,the flower

31、 soon fades and withers,with the petals cast about on the grounds.第39页/共82页【第二段】To begin with,the purpose of the drawings is to show us that the flower growing in the green house cannot withstand the test of the storm,yet the symbolic meanings subtly conveyed should be taken more seriously.The delic

32、ate flower is naturally associated with young people,to be specific,the only children in our current society;the greenhouse epitomizes parents doting care and abundant material supplies that can shield the children from the storms,or the harsh reality.Once the young people begin to seek independence

33、 and accept challenges from the real world,they are found too spoiled to be strong enough in the face of difficulties.第40页/共82页【第三段】Accordingly,it is vital for us to derive positive implications from these thought-provoking drawings.On the one hand,we can frequently use them to enlighten the youth t

34、o be more independent in life.On the other hand,parents should be sensible enough to give their children more freedom to deal with troubles and problems.Only by undergoing more challenges and toils in adversity can young people cultivate strong personality and ability,and only in this way can they b

35、ecome winners in this competitive world.第41页/共82页2.【2006】Directions:Study the following photos carefully and write an essay in which you should describe the photos briefly;interpret the social phenomenon reflected by them,give your point of view.You should write 160-200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET

36、2.(20 points)图一：把崇拜写在脸上。图二：花300元做个小贝头。注注：Beckham（贝贝克克汉汉姆姆）：英英国国足足球球明明星星。第42页/共82页 The photos vividly depict that nowadays many people,especially,young fellows are tracing such fashion.The first one signed the name of Beckham on his left face,while the second one asked the hairdresser to copy the hai

37、r style of Beckham with about 300 yuan.Both of them are typical fans of the well-known British football playerBeckham.【18分样文分样文】第43页/共82页This kind of social phenomenon is not entirely a coincidence.There are reasons accounting for this fashion.Firstly,with the rapid development of society,some peopl

38、e feel dull and desperate about the reality,so they desire to find some famous people as their idols.In the way,they feel satisfied with their life and have a goal to achieve.Secondly,just opposite to the above,others are just fashion tracers.They barely want to show that they are keeping step with

39、the fashion.Thirdly,some people even dont have any special purpose but to do it as others.In their deep heart,they dont treat it as fashion but as fun.第44页/共82页Frankly speaking,this social phenomenon is very dangerous to the whole society.Some young men spend most of their time decorating themselves

40、 as their idols.As a result,they dont have enough time to study or work,then they are always left behind.Moreover,it is harmful to the establishment of a harmonious society.To draw a conclusion,we dont deny that people should have their idols to admire,but in a sensible way.They can learn from what

41、they have achieved and try to behave that way.And also parents should give proper advice to their children to form a proper outlook of the world.第45页/共82页图画作文出题特征图画作文出题特征图片描述-概述图片的表面信息；图片寓意-图片作者通过图片欲揭示的深层次寓意，分析原因或根源；评论、建议或感想-根据图片寓意畅谈感想，作出评论或提出建议，为或得高分，考生通常需结合本人的看法和观点。第46页/共82页语段写作拔高思语段写作拔高思路路LiuShen

42、ghuaSchool of Foreign StudiesHuanggang Normal UniversitySeptember,2012第47页/共82页Lin Chi-ling was born in 1974.Lin Chi-ling is 1.75 m.Lin Chi-ling is a supermodel in Taiwan.Lin Chi-ling was selected as“Taiwans Beauty”in 2003.Lin Chi-ling replaced Stephanie.小句表达：小句表达：第48页/共82页提升后的句子：提升后的句子：Born in 1974

43、 and with a height of 1.75m,Lin Chi-ling,a supermodel in Taiwan,was selected to replace Stephanie as“Taiwans Beauty”in 2003.第49页/共82页Born in 1974 and with a height of 1.75m,伴随状语伴随状语 介词短语介词短语Lin Chi-ling,a supermodel in Taiwan,同位语同位语was selectedto replace Stephanie 不定式不定式as“Taiwans Beauty”in 2003.时间状

44、时间状语语分析：分析：第50页/共82页语段提升之语段提升之 描写篇描写篇1）“弱智化思考，高起点表达弱智化思考，高起点表达”no missing information“1900年海里有很多很多的鱼，而海面上只有很少很少的捕鱼船。然而，到了1995年，海面上的捕鱼船越来越多，黑压压的一片，海里的鱼则变得越来越少，几乎快要灭绝”第51页/共82页弱智化思考弱智化思考no missing information“1900年海里有很多很多的鱼，而海面上只有很少很少的捕鱼船。然而，到了1995年，海面上的捕鱼船越来越多，黑压压的一片，海里的鱼则变得越来越少，几乎快要灭绝”In 1990,there

45、were different kinds of fishes in the sea and there are only a few fishing-boats on the sea.However,in 1995,fishing-boats were becoming more and more while the fishes in the sea are becoming fewer and fewer,even will die out.第52页/共82页高起点替换词：高起点替换词：很多很多：a great many,a large quantity of,a multitude of

46、,plenty of,a host of,an array of,a wealth of各种各样的：a wide variety of,various,numerous,manifold高起点：In 1990,the sea abounded in fish with a few fishing boats floating on the surface.By contrast,with the elapse of time,commercial fishing has been thriving and fishing boats are encroaching upon the sea.A

47、s a result,the number of fishes has been dwindling dramatically.第53页/共82页【低层次】In 1990,there were different kinds of fishes in the sea and there are only a few fishing-boats on the sea.However,in 1995,fishing-boats were becoming more and more while the fishes in the sea are becoming fewer and fewer,e

48、ven will die out.【更高层次】In 1990,the sea abounded in fish with a few fishing boats floating on the surface.By contrast,with the elapse of time,commercial fishing has been thriving and fishing boats are encroaching upon the sea.As a result,the number of fishes has been dwindling dramatically.比较：第54页/共8

49、2页2)总括描写与分述描写相结合总括描写与分述描写相结合As is unfolded in the pictures（“如图所示”经典开篇句），with rampant world commercial fishing in the past century（1900-1995），ocean resources have registered an unprecedented crisis：the number of fishes has been shrinking at an astonishing rate.(总括描写揭示图画主题)In 1990,the sea abounded in

50、fish with a few fishing boats floating on the surface.By contrast,with the elapse of time,commercial fishing has been thriving and fishing boats are encroaching upon the sea.As a result,the number of fishes has been dwindling dramatically.（分述描写具体勾勒）第55页/共82页如图所示：如图所示：As is vividly describeddepicted