汽车专业英语UL发动机部分学习教案.pptx

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1、会计学1汽车汽车(qch)专业英语专业英语UL发动机部分发动机部分第一页，共50页。汽车汽车(qch)的四大组成的四大组成部分部分2车身车身(ch shn)发动机发动机底盘底盘(dpn)电器系统电器系统第1页/共50页第二页，共50页。英语怎么英语怎么(zn me)表示表示？3enginechassisbodyelectrical system图示：图示：The basic components of an automobile 3.车 身2.底 盘1.发动机4.电气系统第2页/共50页第三页，共50页。4例句(lj)分析：There are four basic components of

2、the There are four basic components of the automobile:engine,chassis,body and automobile:engine,chassis,body and electrical system.electrical system.中文中文(zhngwn)(zhngwn)：basic component-basic component-基基本本组组成；成；问题问题：汽：汽车车共四共四个个组组成部分：成部分：_、_ _、_ _ _。engine 发动机发动机chassis 底底盘盘(dpn)body 车身车身electrical

3、system 电气系统电气系统第3页/共50页第四页，共50页。5The Question(问题问题(wnt)Which is called the“heart”of Automobile?be called of-(be called of-(被叫做被叫做(jiozu)-(jiozu)-)-)；中文：哪部分被称作是汽车中文：哪部分被称作是汽车(qch)(qch)的心脏？的心脏？heart (heart (心脏心脏)；发动机发动机第4页/共50页第五页，共50页。6Part one Automobile Engine 汽车汽车(qch)发动机发动机第5页/共50页第六页，共50页。一、发动机的

4、分类一、发动机的分类(fn li)n nClissified by fuel（按燃料不同分（按燃料不同分类）类）n n汽油机和柴油机；汽油机和柴油机；n nClissfiled by working progress（按（按工作行程分类）工作行程分类）n n四冲程发动机和二冲程发动机；四冲程发动机和二冲程发动机；n nClissfiled by cooled ways（按冷却（按冷却方式分类）方式分类）n n水冷发动机和风冷发动机；水冷发动机和风冷发动机；n nClissfiled by number of cylinder（按气缸（按气缸(q n)数量分类）数量分类）n n单缸发动机和多缸发

5、动机单缸发动机和多缸发动机7第6页/共50页第七页，共50页。Clissified by fuel（按燃料（按燃料(rnlio)不同分类）不同分类）8汽油汽油(qyu)发发动机动机gasoline enginegasolinegslin n.汽油汽油(qyu)点燃(din rn)方式（点燃(din rn)式）第7页/共50页第八页，共50页。9柴油柴油(chiyu)发动机发动机diesel enginedieseldi:zl n.柴油柴油(chiyu)，柴，柴油油(chiyu)机机点燃(din rn)方式（压燃式）第8页/共50页第九页，共50页。Clissfiled by working p

6、rogressClissfiled by working progress（按工作行程（按工作行程（按工作行程（按工作行程(xngchng)(xngchng)分类）分类）分类）分类）10二冲程二冲程(chngchng)发发动机动机Two stroke enginestrokestrk n.冲程冲程(chngchng)，行程；行程；活塞反复运动(yndng)一次，曲轴转动一周，两个冲程完成一个工作循环。第9页/共50页第十页，共50页。11四冲程四冲程(chngchng)发发动机动机Four stroke enginestrokestrk n.冲程冲程(chngchng)，行程；行程；活塞反复运

7、动两次，曲轴转动两周，四个冲程完成(wn chng)一个工作循环。第10页/共50页第十一页，共50页。12四冲程发动机的四大四冲程发动机的四大(s d)行程行程进气行程进气行程(xngchng)intake stroke排气行程排气行程(xngchng)exhaust stroke压缩行程压缩行程(xngchng)compression stroke做功行程做功行程(xngchng)working stroke第11页/共50页第十二页，共50页。13Exhaust排放排放(pi fn)Intake 进气进气(jn q)Compression压缩压缩(y su)Power/working做功

8、做功Stroke./struk/n.打击；中风；笔画；冲程；尝试；轻抚打击；中风；笔画；冲程；尝试；轻抚 发动机的四大工作行程第12页/共50页第十三页，共50页。14水冷却式发动机水冷却式发动机Water coolet engine水箱，通过(tnggu)水泵作用，水通过(tnggu)水道流通整个汽缸体，进行降温。Clissfiled by cooled ways（按冷却方式（按冷却方式(fngsh)分类）分类）第13页/共50页第十四页，共50页。15风冷却风冷却(lngqu)式发动机式发动机air coolet engine风冷，通过空气气流与风扇作用(zuyng)，空气/风通过发动机整

9、个汽缸体，进行降温。第14页/共50页第十五页，共50页。Clissfiled by number of cylinder（按气缸（按气缸(q n)数量分类）数量分类）16单缸发动机单缸发动机Single cylinder enginecylinder slnd n.气缸气缸(q n)我只有一个气缸我只有一个气缸(q n)，一组，一组气门；气门；第15页/共50页第十六页，共50页。17多缸发动机多缸发动机Multi cylinder enginecylinder slnd n.气缸气缸(q n)我有多个气缸我有多个气缸(q n)，多组气门；，多组气门；第16页/共50页第十七页，共50页。二

10、、发动机的基本二、发动机的基本(jbn)组成组成18第17页/共50页第十八页，共50页。汽油机包含汽油机包含(bohn)几大系统？几大系统？n n冷却系 cooling systemn n润滑系 lubrication systemn n起动系 starting systemn n点火系 ignition systemn n燃油供给系 fuel supply systemn n进气(jn q)系统 intake systemn n排气系统 exhaust system19第18页/共50页第十九页，共50页。20Cooling system (冷却系统冷却系统)Starting system

11、 (起动起动(q dn)系统系统)第19页/共50页第二十页，共50页。21vLubrication system v (润滑润滑(rnhu)系统系统)vIgnition system v(点火点火(din hu)系统系统)第20页/共50页第二十一页，共50页。22vFuel supply system v (燃油供给燃油供给(gngj)系统系统)vintake system v (进气进气(jn q)系统系统)第21页/共50页第二十二页，共50页。例句例句(lj)分析：分析：n nEngine system includes：_、n n_、_、n n_.n n 中文：include vt

12、.包括，包含(bohn)；n n 译文：发动机系统包括：_、n n _、_、n n _。n n 23ignition systemstarting systemlubrication systemcooling system点火点火(din hu)系统系统起动系统起动系统润滑系统润滑系统冷却系统冷却系统第22页/共50页第二十三页，共50页。汽油机包括汽油机包括(boku)哪两大系统哪两大系统？24Crank-connecting rod mechanism曲曲 柄柄连杆连杆(lin n)机构机构(jgu)第23页/共50页第二十四页，共50页。配气机构配气机构配气机构配气机构(jgu)(jg

13、u)25Valve mechanism气气 门门机机 构构第24页/共50页第二十五页，共50页。三、发动机的四大三、发动机的四大(s d)工作行程工作行程26Intake 进气进气(jn q)Compression压缩压缩(y su)Exhaust排放排放Power做功做功Stroke./struk/n.打击；中风；笔画；冲程；尝试；轻抚打击；中风；笔画；冲程；尝试；轻抚 第25页/共50页第二十六页，共50页。27发动机分类(fn li)一台汽车发动机往往具有3个以上的汽缸，对于汽车发动机主要的分类方式是根据汽缸的布局(bj)及排列方式来划分。一般有直列L型、V型、W型以及水平对置B型等几

14、种。第26页/共50页第二十七页，共50页。28直列发动机(Line Engine)第27页/共50页第二十八页，共50页。29V型排列(pili)六缸发动机(V-shape)第28页/共50页第二十九页，共50页。30W型发动机(W-shape)第29页/共50页第三十页，共50页。31水平水平(shupng)对置发动机对置发动机(Horizontally Opposed第30页/共50页第三十一页，共50页。四、发动机的布置四、发动机的布置(bzh)形式形式32发动机前置发动机前置(qin zh)前轮驱动前轮驱动发动机前置发动机前置(qin zh)后轮驱动后轮驱动发动机后置发动机后置后轮驱

15、动后轮驱动第31页/共50页第三十二页，共50页。33Engine is a self-contained power unit which converts heat energy of fuel into mechanical energy for moving the vehicle.All automobile engines,both gasoline and diesel,are classified as internal combustion engines because the combustion or burning that creates energy takes

16、place inside the engine.In the internal combustion engine,air-fuel mixture is introduced into a closed cylinder where it is compressed and then ignited.The burning of the fuel causes a rapid rise in cylinder pressure which is converted to useful mechanical energy by the piston and crankshaft（Fig.1-1

17、）.Text:One.The Internal Combustion Engine第32页/共50页第三十三页，共50页。34The majority of engines in motor vehicles today are four-stroke piston engine.These four strokes are intake stroke,compression stroke,power stroke and exhaust stroke.第33页/共50页第三十四页，共50页。35Two.Four Strokes1The Intake StrokeThe intake stro

18、ke begins with the piston at the Top Dead Center（TDC）.The crankshaft rotates through the connecting rod,forces the piston to move downward.This downward movement of the piston creates a vacuum,a difference in pressure,in the space above the piston.第34页/共50页第三十五页，共50页。36.Camshaft forces the intake va

19、lve open automatically at or slightly before the piston starts down.The air-fuel mixture is drawn into the cylinder.At the same time,the exhaust valve remains closed during this downward movement.This valve closure prevents the entering air-fuel charge from escaping through the exhaust port.After th

20、e piston reaches the Bottom Dead Center（BDC）of its first stroke,the cylinder is practically full of an air-fuel charge.The drawing of an air-fuel charge into the cylinder in this manner,during the downward movement of the piston,constitutes the intake stroke（Fig.1-2a第35页/共50页第三十六页，共50页。372The Compre

21、ssion StrokeAfter piston reaches the BDC,the intake valve closes and the exhaust valve remains closed.The piston is beginning to move upward again,compresses the trapped air-fuel mixture that was brought in by the intake stroke.As piston reaches the TDC again during its upward travel,the compression

22、 stroke of the piston is over（Fig.1-2b）.第36页/共50页第三十七页，共50页。383The Power StrokeNow,both valves remain closed during the power stroke.Before piston reaches the TDC on the compression stroke,the spark plug fires,igniting the compressed air-fuel mixture which produces a powerful expansion of the vapor.

23、The combustion process pushes the piston down the cylinder with great force turning the crankshaft to provide the power to propel the vehicle（Fig.1-2c）.第37页/共50页第三十八页，共50页。394The Exhaust StrokeNear the end of the downward movement of the power stroke,the camshaft opens the exhaust valve,but the inta

24、ke valve remains closed.Although much of the gas pressure has expended itself driving the piston downward,some pressure still remains when the exhaust valve opens.So,this remaining pressurized gas flows comparatively free from the cylinder through the passage opened by the exhaust valve.第38页/共50页第三十

25、九页，共50页。40Then,as the piston again moves up in the cylinder,it drives any remaining gases out of the cylinder past the open exhaust valve.As the piston travels through the TDC position and starts downward again in the cylinder,a new operating cycle begins.This four strokes are continuously repeated

26、in every cylinder as long as the engine remains running（Fig.1-2d）.第39页/共50页第四十页，共50页。41The single-cylinder engine just described as above provides only one power stroke during every two crankshaft revolutions or delivers power only one-fourth of the time.To provide a more even and continuous flow of

27、 power,automobile have engines with four,six,eight or twelve cylinders.Three.The Multiple-cylinder Engine第40页/共50页第四十一页，共50页。42Four.The Classification of the EngineFor identification purposes,manufacturers classify automobile engines by their cylinder arrangement,valve arrangement,and type of coolin

28、g system.Automobile engines have their cylinders arranged in four distinct ways：in-line,V-shape,W-shape,or horizontally opposed（Fig.1-3）.第41页/共50页第四十二页，共50页。43Automobile engines have their valves arranged in one of three ways：the valves in the engine block;one valve in the cylinder head and the othe

29、r in the engine block;both valves in the cylinder head.Modern automotive engines utilize the third type of valve arrangement.Manufacturers also classify engines as being either air-cooled or water-cooled.第42页/共50页第四十三页，共50页。课堂课堂(ktng)小结小结n n需要记住的单词：需要记住的单词：n n发动机发动机n n底盘底盘n n车身车身n n电器电器(dinq)系统系统n n

30、汽油汽油n n柴油柴油n n冲程冲程44EngineEngineChassisChassisBodyBodyElectrical systemElectrical systemGasolineGasolineDieselDieselstrokestroke第43页/共50页第四十四页，共50页。45第44页/共50页第四十五页，共50页。46第45页/共50页第四十六页，共50页。n n单独的，独立单独的，独立的的n n气缸气缸n n曲柄连杆机构曲柄连杆机构(jgu)n n配气机构配气机构(jgu)n n润滑系统润滑系统n n点火系统点火系统n n启动系统启动系统n n冷却系统冷却系统n n进

31、气系统进气系统n n排气系统排气系统47SingleSinglecylindercylinderCrank-connecting rod machanismCrank-connecting rod machanismValve machanismValve machanismLubrication systemLubrication systemIgnition systemIgnition systemStarting systemStarting systemCooling systemCooling systemIntake systemIntake systemExhaust syst

32、emExhaust system第46页/共50页第四十七页，共50页。需要需要需要需要(xyo)(xyo)记住的句子记住的句子记住的句子记住的句子n nThere are four basic components of There are four basic components of the automobile:engine,chassis,the automobile:engine,chassis,body and electrical system.body and electrical system.n n译：汽车有四个基本组成部分译：汽车有四个基本组成部分(z chn b(z

33、 chn b fn)fn)，发动机，发动机，n n 底盘，车身和电气系统。底盘，车身和电气系统。n nEngine system includes Engine system includes：ignition ignition systemsystem，lubrication system,cooling lubrication system,cooling system,starting system.system,starting system.n n译：发动机系统包括：点火系，润滑系，冷译：发动机系统包括：点火系，润滑系，冷却系，起动系。却系，起动系。48第47页/共50页第四十八页，共50页。布置任务布置任务n n将需要记住的单词和句子(j zi)记录在笔记本上；n n将需要记住的单词每个写3遍，1遍汉语意思；n n完成教材p7课后习题；n n预习第二节课的内容；49第48页/共50页第四十九页，共50页。50第49页/共50页第五十页，共50页。