脊柱研究生学习.pptx

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1、 脊 柱Vertebral column基础医学院人体解剖教研室第1页/共24页 The vertebral column脊柱 consists of 24 vertebrae,the sacrum,and the coccyx.第2页/共24页一、Vertebrae 椎骨vThere are 33 vertebrae in children,arranged as follows:vCervical vertebrae 颈椎 C.7vThoracic vertebrae 胸椎 T.12vLumbar vertebrae 腰椎 L.5vSacral vertebrae 骶椎 S.5 sacru

2、m 骶骨vCoccygeal vertebrae 尾椎 Co.34 coccyx尾骨第3页/共24页General features of vertebraevVertebral body 椎体vVertebral arch 椎弓pedicle of vertebral arch 椎弓根:sup.and inf.Vertebral notch 椎上、下切迹 lamina of vertebral arch 椎弓板vprocess(7):spinous process 棘突transverse process 横突sup.and inf.articular processes 上、下关节突vVe

3、rtebral foramen 椎孔 vVertebral canal 椎管vIntervertebral foramen 椎间孔第4页/共24页Regional variations of vertebraeCervical vertebraevVertebrae Body:small vVertebral foramen:larger and triangularvSpinous processes:short and bifid in C3 to C5,long in C6,and longer in C7vTransverse processes:short and bifid,tra

4、nsverse foramen横突孔vArticular processes:horizontal 第5页/共24页Atypical vertebeaevAtlas寰椎(C1)Body and spinous process absent,consists of anterior and posterior arches,and two lateral massesGroove for vertebral artery 椎动脉沟第6页/共24页vAxis枢椎(C2):distinguished by dens齿突 which articulates with dental fovea of a

5、nterior arch of atlas第7页/共24页vCarotid tubercle:颈动脉结节:anterior tubercle of transverse process of C6vVertebra prominens 隆椎(C7):contains long and non-bifid spinous process,it is visible with neck flexed,used as clinical landmark in counting cervical and thoracic spinous processes第8页/共24页Thoracic verteb

6、rae vVertebrae Body：heart-shape,superior and inferior costal fovea 上、下肋凹vVertebral foramen：smaller,rounder vSpinous processes：long,point obliquely downward vTransverse processes：transverse costal fovea 横突肋凹 vArticular processes:coronal 第9页/共24页Lumbar vertebrae vVertebrae Body：larger,kidney-shape vVe

7、rtebral foramen:larger and triangular vSpinous processes:projects horizontally vTransverse processes:long vArticular processes:sagittal 第10页/共24页Sacrum vAnterior surface:promontory岬,anterior sacral foramina 骶前孔(four pairs)vPosterior surface:median sacral crest 骶正中嵴,posterior sacral foramina(four pai

8、rs),sacral hiatus骶管裂孔，sacral cornu 骶角vLateral part:auricular surface耳状面,sacral tuberosity骶粗隆第11页/共24页二、Articulations of Vertebrae 椎骨的连结椎骨的连结Joints of the vertebral bodiesJoints of the vertebral arches第12页/共24页1.Joints of the vertebral bodies 椎体间的连椎体间的连结结Intervertebral discs 椎间盘椎间盘 between bodies of

9、adjacent vertebrae,composed of:vNucleus pulpous髓核,an inner soft,pulpy,highly elastic structure(gelatinous core)vAnnulus fibrosus纤维环 an outer fibrous ring consisting of fibrocartilage第13页/共24页Anterior longitudinal ligament 前纵韧带前纵韧带vStrong band covering the anterior part of the vertebral bodies and in

10、tervertebral discs running from the anterior margin of foramen magnum to the S1S2 vMaintains stability of the intervertebral disc and prevents hyperextension of the vertebral columnPosterior longitudinal Posterior longitudinal ligamentligament后纵韧带后纵韧带vAttached to the posterior aspect of the interver

11、tebral discs and posterior edges of the vertebral bodies from C2 vertebra to sacrumvPrevents hyperflexion of the vertebral column and posterior protrusion of the discs第14页/共24页Hernia of nucleus pulpous 髓核脱出髓核脱出第15页/共24页 2.Joints of the vertebral arches 椎弓间的连结椎弓间的连结vLigamenta flava 黄韧带 elastic ligame

12、nt,unite laminae of adjacent vertebrae,and complete the posterior wall of vertebral canal;tend to prevent hyperflexion of the vertebral columnvInterspinal ligament 棘间韧带vSupraspinal ligament 棘上韧带vLigamentum nuchae项韧带 vIntertansverse ligament横突间韧带 vZygapophysial joint 关节突关节第16页/共24页三、Atlantooccipital

13、joint 寰枕关节vBetween superior articulating surfaces of atlas and occipital condylesvSupported by membrances and ligaments that join occipital bone and atlasvAction nodding of head,lateral tilting of head第17页/共24页四、Atlantoaxial joint 寰枢关节vThree synovial joints between atlas and axisLaterally,paired joi

14、nts between articulating facesMedian joint between dens of axis and anterior arch of atlas第18页/共24页Supported by ligaments apical ligament of dens 齿突尖韧带alar ligament 翼状韧带transverse ligament of atlas寰椎横韧带 tectorial membrane 覆膜Action allow atlas(and head)to pivot on the axis and vertebral column第19页/共2

15、4页五、Normal Curves of vertebral columnvCervical curvature颈曲 convex forwardvThoracic curvature胸曲 convex backward vLumbar curvature腰曲 convex forwardvSacral curvature骶曲 convex backward第20页/共24页第21页/共24页六、Movement of the vertebral column flexion extension lateral flexion rotation circumduction第22页/共24页Spina bifida cystica 脊 柱 裂第23页/共24页感谢您的观看。第24页/共24页