高三英语知识点重点语法总结.docx

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1、高三英语知识点重点语法总结 英语语法是针对英语语言进行探讨后，英语语法系统地总结归纳出来的一系列语言规则。下面就是我给大家带来的高三英语语法学问点，希望能帮助到大家! 高三英语语法学问点1 地点状语从句 1、地点状语从句由where,wherever引导。 留意：where与where的区分：Where表特定的地点，而wherever表示非特定的地点。 Wherever=to/at any place where 2、地点状语从句与定语从句的区分 Where引导定语从句时，从句前应有一个表示地点的名词作先行词;而状语从句前则无先行词。 缘由状语从句 引导词：because, since,as,

2、 now that, not that, but that, seeing that, considering that, in that 留意：for也可以表示缘由，属并列连词，但不是说明干脆缘由，而是对某种状况加以推断，用于表示补充说明理由。 目的状语从句 引导词：so, so that, in order that, that, to the end that(以便，为了)，in case,for fear that,lest(以免，以防)， 目的状语从句中通常有情态动词can,could,may,might,should,would等。 留意：1、in case 还可表示“万一，假如”

3、。 2、目的状语从句可以用so as to, in order to 等不定式代替，但主句和从句的主语必需一样。 高三英语语法学问点2 英语中过去分词可作宾补，(此时的过去分词一般是及物动词)表被动意义或完成意义，有时两者兼而有之。做宾补的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系，即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。如： She found the door broken in when she came back.(宾补与宾语有被动的关系，表一种状态。) 一. 过去分词用在表状态的动词keep,leave等的后面。 Eg:They kept the door locked for a long time.

4、Keep your mouth shut and your eyes open.(谚语：少说多看) Don't leave such an important thing undone. Don't leave the windows broken like this all the time. 二.过分词用在get,have,make, 的后面。 1.留意“have +宾语+过去分词”的两种状况： A)表"让某人做某事/让某事(被人)做" eg: I have had my bike repaired. The villagers had many tre

5、es planted just then. B)表"遭受到某种不幸，受到打击/受.影响，蒙受. 损失" Eg:I had my wallet stolen on a bus last month. The old man had his leg broken in the accident. He had his leg broken in the match yesterday.(MET1986) 2."make+宾语+过去分词",在这种结构中，过去分词的动词必需是表示结果含义的。如： They managed to make themselves u

6、nderstood in very simple English. I raised my voice to make myself heard. 三、过去分词用在感观动词watch,notice,see,hear,listen to ,feel,find等后面。如 When we got to school,we saw the door locked. We can hear the windows beaten by the heavy rain drops. He felt himself cheated. The managers discussed the plan that th

7、ey would like to see carried out the next year.(NMET2000) 高三英语语法学问点3 名词性从句中的易错点 (一)that引导的定语从句与同位语从句 定语从句与前面的的名词是修饰与被修饰的关系，“的名词”，而同位语从句是用来说明前面名词的内容。与that从句同位的名词必需是一些表示事实或概念的抽象名词，如： fact,news,belief,truth,reply等。 That在定语从句中必需作成分，可用which或who/whom代替，而that在同位语从句中不充当任何句子成分，只起连接作用。如： Alongwiththeletterwas

8、hispromisethathewouldvisitmethiscomingChristmas. Doyoustillrememberthechickenfarmthatwevisitedthreemonthsago. 解析：在句中，that引导同位语从句说明说明promise的内容，that不充当任何句子成分，只起连接作用，而在句中，that在其引导的定语从句中作动词visited的宾语，对先行词thechickenfarm起修饰作用。 (二)名词性从句中，关于it作形式主语和形式宾语的易错点 1)名词性从句作主语或宾语时，为保持句子平衡，常用it作形式主语或形式宾语。如： Itsapity

9、thathedontcometogiveaspeech.(形式主语) Wethinkitpossiblethatyoucanfinishthejobtoday.(形式宾语) 2)谓语动词appreciate,dislike,hate,like,love, make等接由if或when引导的宾语从句时往往在从句前加上形式宾语it.例如： Iwouldappreciateitifyoucouldcometomybirthdayparty. 3)动词hare,take,hide,punish,put等,后接由that引导的病因从句式，往往在从句前加形式宾语it.例如： Itakeitthatyouw

10、illbeleavingShanghaisoon. wepunisheditthatwehadfinishedtheprojectaheadoftime. 4)短语动词answerfor,countondependon,insiston, seeto等后接有that引导的宾语从句时，必需冠以形式宾语it.例如：Imcountingonitthatyouwillcome.Shellseetoitthathegoesahead.注：作形式主语和形式宾语时只能用it. 高三英语语法学问点4 under age 未成年，未达到规定年龄 He was rejected by the army becau

11、se he was under age. 他因尚未成年而被拒绝参军。 You shouldnt sell cigarettes to teenagers who are under age. 你不应当把香烟卖给没未成年的青少年。 under arrest 被捕 You are under arrest in the name of the law. 你被依法逮捕了。 He was soon put placed under arrest. 他不久就被逮捕了。 under attack遭遇攻击 The company has come under fierce attack for its de

12、cision to close the factory. 因为确定要关闭工厂，公司受到猛烈攻击。 under consideration 在考虑中;在探讨中 The question is now under consideration. 这个问题正在考虑中。 The plan is under consideration by the Ministry of Education. 教化部正在探讨这个方案。 under construction 在建立中 The new railway is under construction. 新铁路正在修建当中。 The bridge is under

13、construction. 这座桥正在建立中。 There are two new hotels near here under construction. 旁边正在兴建两家新的旅馆。 under control 在限制中 They soon got the fire under control. 他们很快把火势限制住。 It took the teacher months to bring his class under control. 这个老师花了几个月的时间才管住了他的班级。 under copyright 享有版权 The poem is still under copyright,

14、 so you have to pay to quote it. 该诗仍旧享有版权，因此你必需支付引用费。 under cover 在隐藏处;隐私地;在信封或邮包中 Plans for the attack were made under cover. 进攻安排是隐私制定的。 The check came under cover in yesterdays mail. 支票是装在信封里和昨天的信一道寄来的。 under discussion 在探讨中;在审议中 That has no relation to the matter under discussion. 那与正在探讨的事无关。 Th

15、ats another topic that will come under discussion. 那是另一个要探讨的问题。 under examination 在检查中;在审查中 The prisoner was still under examination. 囚犯仍受审。 The proposals are still under examination. 提案仍在审查中。 under fire 在炮火中;被攻击中 We were under fire from all sides. 我们遭到了来自四面八方的射击。 The headmaster was under fire for n

16、ot sending the boys home who stole the car. 校长由于没有开除那几个偷汽车的学生，受到责难。 under guarantee 在保修期内 Its still under guarantee, so the manufacturer will repair it. 保证书还有效，所以厂家会给修理的。 The car is still under guarantee, so you should be able to get it repaired free of charge. 汽车还在保修期内，所以你应当可以免费修理。 under oath 在法庭上宣

17、过誓要说实话 The judge reminded the witness that he was still under oath. 那法官提示证人他已宣誓不作伪证。 under obligation 有义务;肯定要 The one who did the damage in under obligation to pay for it. 造成损失的人有义务赔偿。 【注】在现代英语中通常用under an no obligation的形式： Youre under no obligation to pay for goods which you did not order. 没有订购的货物就

18、无须付款。 Shes under an obligation to him because he lent her money. 因为他把钱错给她了，所以她有偿还他的义务。 高三英语语法学问点5 虚拟语气谓语动词的几种表现形式 1. 用在虚拟条件句中 例1：I would certainly go if I had the time. 例2：How nice it would be if you could stay a bit longer. 例3：She would have come if we had invited her. 注：假如条件从句中包含有were, had, should

19、或could，有时可把if省略掉，但这时要把were, had, should或could放在主语前面(这种结构在口语中较少运用)。例如： 1)Had we made (= If we had made ) adequate preparations, we might have succeeded. 2)Were there no gravity, there would be no air around us. 3)Should it rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off. 2. 用在含蓄条件句中 句子中，假设的状况不用条件从句表示出来，而

20、是用一个介词短语来表示，句子的谓语形式也可遵循上表的规则。 这种用法也常见于or, or else, otherwise和but后面的分句中。例如： 1)Without music, the world would be a dull place. 2)But for your help, we would have failed. 3)She would have gone with us, but she didnt have time. 4)He must have had an accident, or he would have been here then. 3.用在错综时间条件句

21、中 有时候，条件从句表示的动作和主句表示的动作发生的时间并不一样，这时，谓语动词的形式要依据表示的时间来调整，这种句子可称作错综时间条件句。例如： 1)If you hadnt watched television so late, you wouldnt be so sleepy now.(此句为时间交织的虚拟条件句，从句表示与过去事实相反的假设，主句则假设与现在状况相反) 2)If you were in better health, we would have allowed you to join them in the work.(从句表示与现在事实相反的假设，主句则表示一种与过去事

22、实相反的设想) 4.用在wish后的宾语从句中 这种句子主要表示愿望，that常省略。若指现在或将来的愿望，从句用过去时;若指过去没有实现的愿望，从句用过去完成时。例如： 1)I wish I had learned to play chess.(与过去事实相反) 2)I wish I remembered his address.(与现在事实相反) 3)I wish he would try again.(对将来状况的假设) 若wish 后的宾语从句中用would，可以表示恳求，通常意味着说话人的不快或不满。例如： 1)I wish you would help us. 2)I wish you would stop asking such silly questions. 高三英语学问点重点语法总结本文来源：网络收集与整理，如有侵权，请联系作者删除，谢谢！第14页 共14页第 14 页 共 14 页第 14 页 共 14 页第 14 页 共 14 页第 14 页 共 14 页第 14 页 共 14 页第 14 页 共 14 页第 14 页 共 14 页第 14 页 共 14 页第 14 页 共 14 页第 14 页 共 14 页