高三英语语法讲解及练习题.docx

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1、精品基础教育教学资料，需要可下载使用!高三英语语法讲解及练习题重难点分析句子是具有一定的语法结构，表达一个独立完整意义的语言单位。高考重点要求考生：1. 掌握陈述句的基本用法；2.掌握一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句的应答； 3.掌握祈使句的构成及作用；4.掌握感叹句的用法和构成；5.分清简单句、并列句和复合句的 类型。考生对句子种类相关知识的掌握对提高书面表达的准确性也显得尤为重要。一、句子种类分类句子种类例句陈肯定句He is six years old,他六岁了。按述句否认句She didn, t hear of you before.她之前没听说过你。使疑_般Do the

2、y like skating?他们喜欢溜冰吗?用问特殊How old is he?他多大了 ?目句选择Is he six or seven years old? 他是六岁还是七岁?的反意Mary can swim, can5 t she?玛丽会游泳，不是吗？祈使句Be quiet, boys. Don, t talk in class.安静，孩子们。不要在课堂上 讲话。感叹句How clever the boy is! / What a clever boy he is! 一个多么聪明的男孩啊！简单句He often reads English in the morning.他常常在早晨读英语

3、。10 . Everyone in your family is a teacher,?二、完成下面的感叹句（根据需要可以加上a或an）nice music it is!11 that boy missed his mother!12 great fun it is to hike!13 beautiful parks there are in Shanghai!14 good the soup tastes!15 useful subject Chinese is!16 bad weather it is today!17 happy life we re living today!18 l

4、ovely deer they are!10.bad cold you* ve got!三、汉译英将下面的汉语句子翻译成英文。1 .请务必提醒她早点回来。2 .请你安静一会儿。3 .让我告诉你答案吧。4 .不要让任何人打搅你。5 .请再给他一次机会。6 .禁止吐痰。/禁止乱扔垃圾。/禁止吃喝。7 .不要在教室里吃东西。8 .对于这件事，咱们什么也不要说。9 .绝不能以貌取人XX学校用心用情服务教育!考点练透一、单句填空1. is 2. has been 3. am; are 4. is 5. am 6. are; is 7. are 8. is 9. was; were 10. am 11.

5、is; are 12. is; are 13. is 14. is left; have 15. speak; speaks 16. likes; like 17. enjoys; enjoy 18. is going 19. sells; sell 20, was prevented二、语篇填空1. is 2. are 3. is 4, is 5. comes 6. are 7. is 8. is 9. is 10. is三、语法填空本人主要介绍急救箱以及如何置办急救箱。1. Recommendations作主语用名词形式，根据state是非第三人称单数谓语可知要用复 数。注意首字母要大写。

6、2. to习惯搭配access to意为可以使用，接近，用到“。3. where空的前后是两个分句，故一定是填连接词，肯定句意可知，此处应填where引 导宾语从句，作find out的宾语。4. are stored分析句子成分可知，store在此处作谓语，故只需要考虑时态和语态：时态 是一般现在时，语态要用被动。故填are stored。（做语法填空题时，只要做到有根有据，一般 都不会错）5. they分析句子成分可知，此处缺少主语填代词。they指代前面的emergencies。6. it作形式宾语。真正的宾语是后面的不定式短语to buy a ready-made first aid

7、kito7. although引导让步状语从句。句意：虽然其他人更喜欢制作自己的急救箱和单独地买 各种所需物品，但很多人觉得买一个现成的急救箱很方便，这样不用考虑太多。8. individually 副词修饰动词。individually修饰前面的动词buy。金榜题名loo前程似锦XX学校用心用情服务教育!9. have become 此处become作谓语，考虑时态与语态。此外由第一点replace any itemswhich have been used也可知此题也应该用现在完成时。句意：替换那些已经过期的药品。10. others根据前面的some可知，someothers些其他。此题

8、考查不定代词。金榜题名101前程似锦XX学校用心用情服务教育!精品基础教育教学资料，需要可下载使用!重难点分析状语从句是由从句担任状语，在句子中可修饰谓语动词（或其他动词）、形容词、副词或 整个句子。它可以用来表示时间、地点、条件、原因、结果、目的、让步、比拟、方式等。状 语从句是一个较大的语法工程，也是近几年高考题中常见的重点考点。高考中已考查了时间、 让步、地点、条件、目的等状语从句，这些从句仍是今后高考的热点，应做充分的准备。同时 对方式状语从句也应引起重视。不同的状语从句所使用的连接词也各不相同。如下表所示：状语从句名称连接词时间状语从句when, as, while, wheneve

9、r, after, before, till/until, since, once, as soonas/the moment, by the time, no soonerthan, hardlywhen, every time 等地点状语从句where 和 wherever条件状语从句if, unless, as long as, on condition that, if only(=if)原因状语从句because, since, as, now that(既然)结果状语从句so that（从句谓语动词一般没有情态动词）,sothat, such-that目的状语从句so, so th

10、at（从句谓语常有情态动词）,in order that, in case（以防，以免）让步状语从句although, though, as(常用倒装结构),even if/though, however, whatever, whetheror, no matter who(when, what, where)等比拟状语从句than, asas, the morethe more方式状语从句as, as if/though, the way, rather than 等一、时间状语从句1. while, when, as引导时间状语从句时的区别金榜题名102前程似锦XX学校用心用情服务教育!

11、(1) while引导的状语从句中谓语动词必须是持续性动词。谓语动词多为进行时或状态动词 的一般时。此时可与when互换。如：Please keep quiet while/when others are studying.当另1J人正在学习时，请保持安静。(2) when除可指一段时间外，还可用来指时间点，等于at the time”，即when引导的时 间状语从句中的谓语动词可以是瞬间的，也可以是持续性的。因此主句和从句的谓语可以是一 般时、进行时或完成时。如：When I went into the lab, the teacher was doing an experiment, (w

12、hen不能换成while)当我走进实验室时，老师正在做实验。as常可与when, while通用，但as强调“一边一边如：As(When/While) I was walking down the street, I noticed a police car.当我沿着大街散步 时，我注意到一辆警车。when有时代替if,引导条件句,意为“如果，假如”。如：I will come when(if) I am fine,如果我有空，我就会来。2. till, until引导时间状语短语或状语从句，用于否认句时，结构为noLuntil,主句谓语动 词延续与非延续皆可，意为“直到才”；用于肯定句时，主

13、句谓语动词需用延续性动词, 表示到为止”。如：They played(延续性动词)volleyball until/till it got dark,他们打排球直到天黑才结束。They didn, t talk(延续性动词)until/till the interpreter came,直到口译员来了他们才开始 谈话。He didn, t go to bed(非延续性动词)until/till his father came back,直到他父亲回来他才 睡觉。注意：(1) until 可以放在句首,till 那么不行。如：Not until he finished his work did

14、he go home.(倒装)直到完成工作他才回家。(2) till, until只用于表时间，以下句子是错误的：We walked金榜题名103前程似锦XX学校用心用情服务教育!till the edge of the forest. （till必须改为as或to）我们走到了森林的边缘。二、地点状语从句引导地点状语从句的连词是 where 和 wherever。如 Make a mark where you have question.在你有问题的地方做记号。Sit wherever you like.坐在你喜欢的地方。三、条件状语从句条件状语从句分真实性（有可能实现的事情）与非真实性（条件

15、与事实相反或者在说话者 看来不太可能实现的事情）条件句。引导条件状语从句的词（组）主要有if, unless, as long as, on condition that, if only（=if）。值得注意的是，条件状语从句中的if不能用whether替换。如：If he is not in the office, he must be out for lunch,如果他不在办公室,那一定是出去吃午 饭了。You may borrow the book as long as you keep it clean.你可以借这本书，只要你让它保持 干净。四、原因状语从句because, since

16、, as引导原因状语时注意使用上的区别：1 .如果原因是构成句子的最主要局部，一般用because,因此because引导的从句往往放 在句末。用why提问的句子，一定用because回答。如：He had to stay at home yesterday because he was ill.昨天他必须呆在家里，因为他病了。2 .如果原因已为人们所知，或不如句子的其他局部重要，就用as或since, since比as更 正式些。as和since引导的从句一般放在句子的开头。如：As you are tired, you had better take a rest.你累了,最好休息一下。S

17、ince everyone is here, now let s begin,大家都到齐了，现在开始。五、结果状语从句金榜题名104前程似锦XX学校用心用情服务教育!结果状语从句是表示事态结果的从句，通常主句表原因，从句表结果。结果状语从句通常 由so that （从句谓语一般没有情态动词）,sothat, suchthat等引导。如：He was so excited that he jumped from the sofa.他如此激动以至于他从沙发上跳了下来。六、目的状语从句引导目的状语从句最常用的词（组）是so, as that（从句谓语常有情态动词）,in order that, in

18、 case（以防,以免）等。： Speak clearly, so that they may understand you.说清楚些以便他们 能理解。He left early in case he should miss the train.他尽早地离开，以防误了火车。七、让步状语从句让步状语从句可由 although, though, as, even if/though, however, whatever, whether。r, no matter who/when/what等引导。值得注意的是as引导的让步状语从句一般用倒装。如：Child as he is, he knows a

19、 lot,尽管他还是个孩子，他却知道很多。Whatever（二No matter what） you say, I will never change my mind.不管你说什么， 我者R不 会改变主意。八、比拟状语从句比拟状语从句常用than, asas, the morethe more等引导。如：I have made a lot more mistakes than you have.我犯的错误比你犯的多得多。The busier he is, the happier he feels,越忙他觉得越快乐。九、方式状语从句方式状语从句常由as, as if（though）, the w

20、ay, rather than等弓|导。如：You must do the exercise as I show you,你必须按照我教你的去做练习。He acted as if nothing had happened.从他的举止行为看，似乎什么也没发生过。金榜题名105前程似锦XX学校用心用情服务教育!附加说明:使用状语从句时要注意的几个问题1 .在时间和条件（有时也在方式、让步等）状语从句中，主语用一般将来时，从句通常 用一般现在时表示将来。如：I will write to you as soon as I get to Shanghai.我一到上海就写 信给你。2 .在有些时间、地点

21、、条件、方式或让步状语从句中，如果从句的主语与主句的主语一 致（或虽不一致，但是it）,从句的谓语又包含动词be,就可省略从句中的“主语+be”局部。 如：If （you are） asked, you may come in.如果你被邀请了，你就可以进来。If （it is） necessary, I will explain to you again,如果有必要，我会再给你解释一次的。3 .注意区分不同的从句：引导的是什么从句，不仅要根据连词，还要根据句子结构和句 意来判别。以where为例：You are to find it where you left it.（地点状语从句）你会在你

22、放它的地方找到它。Tell me the address where he lives.（定语从句，句中有先行词）告诉我你住的地址。I don1 t know where he came from.（宾语从句）我不知道他来自哪里。Where he has gone is not known yet.（主语从句）他去了哪里还不知道。This place is where they once hid.（表语从句）这里就是他们曾经藏过的地方。3. as作附属连词可引导多种状语从句。（l）as引导时间状语从句，意为“当时”，如：He sang as he worked.当他工作的时候，他会唱歌。（2）

23、 as引导方式状语从句,意为“像一样，如:We must do as the party teaches us.我们必须像那个聚会教我们的那样做。as引导原因状语从句,意为“由于”，如：金榜题名106前程似锦XX学校用心用情服务教育!As you are late, you had better wait,由于你迟到了，你最好等一下。as引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然，尽快”。常用倒装结构。如：Child as he is, he can do it well. (=Although he is a child, he can do it well.)尽管他是个孩 子，他却能把它做好。as作为关

24、系代词还可以引导定语从句。如：I have such books as you like.我有你喜欢 的书。考点练透一、单句填空根据句意用适当的连词填空，补全以下句子。1. Dr. Bethune (白 求恩)came to China he was fifty.2. He began to work he got there.3. Let s begin our meeting everyone is here.4. I like the English people, I don5 t like their food.5. you go in China, you can see smil

25、ing faces.6. He didn t come to the lecture he was very busy.7. we had enough time, we walked to the cinema.8. They will help you you meet with difficulty.9. we came to the university, we have learnt quite a lot.10. I didn1 t join them yesterday evening I had to go to an important meeting.11. We woul

26、d try to get a car we could all travel together more easily.12. She wouldnJ t forget her mother* s birthday she seldom wrote to herfamily.金榜题名io7前程似锦XX学校用心用情服务教育!13. We are doing everything we can to make things as easy for you we can.14. The meeting became so disorderly the speaker had to shout the

27、 audience down.15. To be honest, you did better I did.16. you lock all the doors, he can still manage to get in.17. The boy was so tired he fell asleep on the bus.18. Hard he tried, he couldn7 t force the door open.19. we often use computer to write or email to somebody, handwriting is still a kind

28、of precious wealth to us.20. Keep it you can see it.21. we do nothing to save the Great Wall, it will soon become a wasteland.二、语篇填空根据短文意思或括号中的汉语提示，用适当的连词填空。In my opinion, we can, t leave today1 s work for tomorrow, 1 tomorrow we have different things to do. 2 we leave today, s work for tomorrow, 3

29、we will have some other work, we will gradually pile up too many things and will never get them done. 4, only the persons without determination and will-power will find all kinds of excuse for delaying the things they should have done today. 5 （止匕夕卜）, 6 we get into the bad habit of leaving today* s

30、work for tomorrow, we will easily become lazy.As we have a lot of things to learn and different homework to do every day, we can not afford to waste time. 7 （因此）,the earlier we plan our time and get down to the work, 8（越多）we will learn. In a word, 9 we have strong intention and great determination a

31、nd do everything 10 （按照）planned, we will be able to keep improving ourselves and金榜题名108前程似锦XX学校用心用情服务教育!achieve success.三、语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。When I was growing up, I do not recall hearing the words 11 love you” from my father. When your father never says 1 to you when you are a chil

32、d, it gets tougher and tougher for him 2 (say) those words as he gets 3 (old). To tell the truth, I could not honestly remember 4 I had last said those words to him either. I decided to set my ego aside and make the first move. 5 some hesitation, in our next phone conversation I blurted out the word

33、s, Dad I love you!There was 6 silence at the other end and he 7 (awkward) replied, “Well, same back at you!I laughed and said, “Dad, I know you love me, and when you are ready, I know you 8 (say) what you want to say.”A few weeks later, Dad concluded our phone conversation 9 the words, Taul, I love

34、you.” I was at work during this conversation and the tears were rolling down my cheeks 10 I finally “heard the love. As we both sat there in tears we realized that this special moment had taken our father-son relationship to a new level.助读词汇recall vt,回想起conclude vt.结束cheek n,面颊blurt out 脱口而出roll dow

35、n 滚下in tears 含着泪to a new level到一个新水平set one5 s ego aside放下某人的自尊金榜题名109前程似锦10.勿践草坪。四、语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。There are over 800 boarding schools in the UK with students from home and foreign countries. Boarding schools 1 (start) hundreds of years ago in the country. 2 the earliest boardin

36、g schools were set up for white, rich boys only. Now 3 boys and girls have access to boarding schools from 7 to 18.In the UK, boarding schools have three terms in a school year, 413 weeks in eachterm. Students study and live together. They can t go outside 5 they are not allowed to. In addition to t

37、he usual classrooms and laboratories, the boarding schools have lots of other facilities for their students, 6 music rooms, boats, swimming pools, cinemas and theatres. Most boarding schools have a light out time. So 7 it is time to go to bed, all the lights in the bedrooms are turned off. There are

38、 house-masters 8 (take) care of students all the time, especially after school hours.Nearly all students at boarding schools wear 9 school uniform. Boys usually wear a shirt and a tie, and girls wear a white blouse, sometimes also a tie and a skirt. As students get 10 (old), the rules become less st

39、rict.助读词汇house-master n.舍监school uniform 校服boarding school寄宿学校set up建立；设立have access to可以使用/进入 in addition to除了之外from home and foreign countries/abroad 来自国内夕卜XX学校用心用情服务教育!参考答案考点练透一、单句填空1. when 2. as soon as 3. as 4. though 5. Wherever 6. because 7. Since 8. whenever 9. Since 10. because 11, so that

40、12. though 13. as 14. that 15. than 16. Even if 17, that 18. as 19, Although 20, where 21. If二、语篇填空1. because 2. If 3. when 4. Besides 5. Additionally 6. if 7. Therefore 8. the more9. if 10. as三、语法填空这是一篇亲情故事。虽父子情深，父亲却不习惯对儿子说Hove you o儿子决定采取主 动，在 中对父亲说出了 I love you 0几周后父亲也以对儿子说I love you来结束通 话。 两端，父子

41、双双感动得热泪盈眶。1. them 指代前面的 the words ul love you”。words 为复数，用 themo2. to say 此处不定式to say those words作真正主语，it为形式主语。3. older此处get older意为变老，用比拟级。4. when弓|导宾语从句，并在从句中作时间状语。5. After犹豫一阵后说出口，所以填after。注意首字母要大写。6. a不定冠词的最基本用法。金榜题名no 前程似锦XX学校用心用情服务教育!7. awkwardly修饰谓语动词replied,要用副词形式。8. will say时间状语从句用一般现在时，主句用

42、一般将来时。9. with介词短语作状语，”以结束通话”。10. as/because引导原因状语从句。听到了 love是感动得落泪的原因。金榜题名in 前程似锦XX学校用心用情服务教育!精品基础教育教学资料，需要可下载使用!重难点分析代词是代替名词或代替起名词作用的短语或句子的词。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功 能。英语中的代词，按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、 不定代词、疑问代词、指示代词、相互代词和关系代词八种。代词类别例词功能人称代词主格1, you, he, she, it, we, you, they作主语宾格me, you, him, her, i

43、t, us, you, them作宾语物主代词形容词性my, your, his, her, its, our, your, their作定语名词性mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, yours, theirs作主语、宾语、表语反身代词myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves,yourselves, themselves作宾语、表语、同位语不定代词some, any, no, either, neither, all, none, each, somebody, no one, everybod

44、y, much, many, other(s), another 等视情况而定，一般可作定语、主语、宾语等疑问代词what, who, whose, whom, which, whatever,whichever .whoever, whomever 等可作主语、宾语、定语等指示代词this, that, these, those作主语、宾语、定语、表语相互代词each other, one another作宾语关系代词that, who, whom, whose, which 等连接定语从句金榜题名112前程似锦XX学校用心用情服务教育!下面举例说明其用法，其中疑问代词见“专题12句子种类”

45、，关系代词见“专题13定语 从句”。一、人称代词的用法.作主语用主格，作宾语用宾格。如：She teaches us English.她教我们英语。1 .在句中作表语，常用宾格，但有时用主格。如：一Who is it?谁呀?一If s me.是我。It was I who told him about it,是我告诉他这件事的。（强调句型）. it的用法用法说明例句1作人称代词，指代前面提到的事物This is not my book. It is Mary s,这不是我的书，是玛莉 的。2替代指示代词this或that一Whaf s this?这是什么?一If s a dictionary,

46、这是一本字典。一Whose jacket is that?那是谁的夹克？ 一It is hers. 是她的。3指人一Who is knocking at the door?谁在敲门？ 一If s me.是我。The baby no more cried as soon as it saw its mother, 那 个婴儿一看到他（她）的妈妈就不哭了。4一Whaf s the time now?现在几点钟？ 一If s ten金榜题名H3 前程似锦XX学校用心用情服务教育!指时间、距离、天气、环境等past eight. 8:10oIf s getting colder and colder

47、now.现在变得越来越冷 ToIf s about ten minutes walk from my home to the school,从我家到学校步行大约要十分钟。It is very quiet at the moment.目前很安静。5指代前面整个句子的内容Our team won the football match. Have you heard aboutit?我们队赢得了足球赛。你听说了吗？6表示喜欢、恨”等心理方面 的动词，后面跟it后再跟从句， 其从句作it的同位语1 will appreciate it if you can give me a hand.如果你能帮 我一个忙，我将十分感激。1 hate it when people talk with their mouths full.我不喜 欢人们满嘴是食物的时候说话。1 like it in autumn when the