高考英语语法之状语从句考点难点分析讲义.docx

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1、高中英语语法之状语从句考点难点分析状语从句在复合句中的位置一般说来，状语从句在复合句中的位置比较灵活，有时置于句首，有时置于句末，有时置于句首与句末都可以。如：While I was working in the garden, my wife was cooking dinner.我在园子里干活时，我妻子正在做饭。Wait until the children settle down before you start the lesson.等学生都静下心来再开始上课。当状语从句置于句首时，其后通常会用逗号隔开。但当句子较短或当状语从句与主句的关系比较密切时，也可以不用逗号。如：If you

2、pull too hard you will break the rope.如果太用力拉，就会把绳子拉断。When he smiled he exposed a set of perfect white teeth.他笑时露出了一口漂亮的白牙。当状语从句位于句末时，其前一般不用逗号。但是，如果状语从句与其前主句的关系不是很密切，尤其作为添补内容时，其前也可用逗号，如：Better say yes, if they ask you.如果他们问你，你最好说“是”。We knew he couldnt have paid for it, because he had no money.我们知道不可能

3、是他付了这笔钱，因为他没钱。另外，状语从句有时也可位于句子中间，如：He said that if I passed my test he would buy me a car.他说如果我通过考试，他将给我买辆汽车。This, if the news (should) be true, is a very serious matter.如果消息属实，这可是一件非常严重的事情。让步状语从句的常用引导词让步状语从句表示“虽然”“尽管”“即使”等，通常可用though, although, if, even though(if), when, while, whereas, granting tha

4、t, granted that, admitting (that), for all (that), in spite of the fact等引导。如：They are generous although they are poor.虽然穷他们却很大方。Though we axe poor. we are still happy.我们虽然穷，仍然很快活。If he is little, he is strong.他人虽小，但很壮。He is an honest man, I must say, even though I have opposed him.尽管我反对过他，我还得说他是一个诚实

5、的人。He refuses help when he has many friends.他虽有许多朋友，但却拒绝其援助。While I understand your point of view, I do not share it.我虽了解你的观点，但不敢苟同。Grantedthis is true, you are still in the wrong.这话即使真实，你仍然是错的。Admitting that he is naturally clever, we do not think he will make much improvement. as he pays no attent

6、ion to his lessons.他即使天资聪颖，我们也不认为他会有多大长进，因为他对功课不上心。They are good people, for all that their ways are not the same as ours.他们是好人，尽管他们的生活习惯和我们的不同。引导比较状语从句的常用关联词比较状语从句(adverbial clause of comparison)从某种角度上说，它也是一种方式状语从句，它通常可和以下关联词来引导as(或so).as, than, according as, in proportion as等。如：as.as.He woke up as

7、 suddenly as he had fallen asleep.他醒来得和入睡一样突然。(第一个as是副词)I have never seen so much rain as fell that February.我从未见过像那个二月那么多雨。(否定结构常用soas,也可用as. as)thanMan developed earlier than people think.人类的出现比人们所想的要早。He moves more slowly than his sister does.他行动起来比他妹妹慢。The youth of today are better off than we u

8、sed to be.今天的年轻人比我们过去的境况要好。according asYou may go or stay,according asyou decide.是去是留由你自己决定。You will be praised or blamed according as your work is good or bad.你受表扬还是责备得看你的工作好坏决定。in proportion asMen are happyin proportion asthey are virtuous.人之幸福与德行成正比。Some people are happy in proportion as they are

9、 noticed.有些人越受到注意就越高兴。英语方式状语从句的用法及有关说明一、引导方式状语从句的从属连词主要的有as, as if,as though等:You must do as your parents tell you. 你必须按你父母说的去做。I have changed it as you suggest. 我已照你的建议作了改动。I am as you can imagine short of money.正如你能想像的我很缺钱。Robbie didnt feel as she did.洛比没有她那种感觉。They treated the child as if she wer

10、e their own.他们待这孩子像亲生的一样。I remember the whole thing as if it happened yesterday.整个这件事我记得很清楚，就仿佛是昨天发生似的。【注】(1)在非正式文体中，like也可用连词，表示方式，与as的用法相似:Nobody loves you like I do.没有人像我这样爱你。She cant cook like her mother does.她菜做得没有她妈那样好。(2)有时the way h,可用作连词，表示方式，与as的用法相似:They didnt do it the way we do now. 那时他们

11、不像我们现在这样行事。I cant help seeing things the way they do. 我禁不住也像他们那样看事物。二、as if as though 从句与虚拟语气一般说来，若as if 和as though 从句所表示的内容可能为事实，则用陈述语气，若为假设或不大可能为事实，则用虚拟语气。不过在非正式文体中，有时即使句意明确地表示不是事实，也可能用陈述语气:He treats me as if I am were a stranger. 他待我有如陌生人。The stuffed dog barks as if it is were a real one.这个玩具狗叫起来

12、像是真狗似的。英语状语从句的省略及相关固定搭配为了简洁起见，有的状语从句(如时间状语从句、条件状语从句、方式状语从句等)有时可省略从句的主语和部分谓语(尤其是当从句主语与主句主语一致，且从句谓语包括有动词be时)。如:She fell asleep while (he was) doing his homework,他在做作业时睡着了。While (he was) doing so, he trembled a little. 他这样做时稍稍颤抖了一下。He opened his mouth as if(he was)to speak. 他张开口，好像要说话似的。Often she would

13、 weep when (she was)alone. 她一个人时，常常哭泣。Id like to see you whenever (its) convenient. 在你方便的时候我想来看看你。If(you are)traveling north, you must change at Leeds.如果你是向北行，你必须在里兹换车。注:有些由if构成的省略结构，已属固定短语，如if any,if necessary,if possible, if not, if so :I could come earlier. If necessary.如果必要我可以早点来。Ill help you if

14、 possible. 可能的话，我会帮助你的。Please check over the speech draft and correct the mistakes, if any.请把讲演稿检查一遍,如果有错误,请改正过来。Is she in?If not. could I speak to her sister?她在吗?如果不在，我可以跟她姐姐说话吗?有关英语状语从句的若干用法习惯1.不可将汉语的“因为所以”直译为because.so。如:因为下雨，所以我们呆在家里。误:Because it was raining, so we staved at home.正:Because it wa

15、s raining we staved at home. / It was raining. so we staved at home2.不可将汉语的“虽然但是”直译为(al)though.but。如:虽然很危险，但我要试试。误:Although it is dangerous, but I will try正:Although it is dangerous. I will try./ It is dangerous, but I will try注:尽管英语不说although.but，但有时出现but although或but. although却是可能的。如:(1)But I didn

16、t know that then. although I learned it later. 但我当时的确不知道此事，尽管后来我还是知道了。此句既用了并列连词 but，又用了从属连词 although，但它并未造成错误，原因是此句与上面所讨论的情形有所不同，即此句 but用于 although 之前，but 在此仅起到与上文转折的作用，but 后的I didnt know that then. although I learned it later,仍为一个复合句。(2) I tried doing the accounts, but although I knew some maths I found it very difficult. 我试着算这些账，但尽管我懂点数学，仍感到很困难。比句将 but 与although 用在一起，但此句也没有错误。该句从总体来看，它是一个以并列连词 but连接的并列句，而在该并列句的后面一句又是一个包含让步状语从句 although I knew some maths 的复合句一一这种句型就是所谓的并列复合句。此句也可改写为 I tried doing the accounts. but I found it very difficult although I knew some maths学科网（北京）股份有限公司