初中英语语法：定语从句考点分析.docx

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1、初中英语语法：定语从句考点分析as和which引导的非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句在句中主要起补充说明作用，在非限定性定语从句与主句之间往往有逗号隔开，独立存在，确实也不会影响整个句子的意思。1. as引导的非限制性定语从句as有时作关系代词，代替整个主句，对其进行说明但as也回用于固定搭配，像as we all know, as it is known, as is known to all, as it is, as is said above, as always mentioned above, as is usual, as is often the case, as is rep

2、orted in the newspaper等。as在非限定性定语从句中作主语、表语或宾语，且引出的从句位置比较灵活，可位于句首或句末，也可置于主句中间。eg. As we all know, Jack London is a famous American writer.2. which引导的非限制性定语从句 which指代主句中的名词。eg.These apple，which were bought by my father，are very sweet. which指代主句中的形容词。eg.She was very patient towards the children，which h

3、er husband seldom was. which指代主句中的某个从句。eg.He said that he will love her forever，which was not true.归纳限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句修饰先行词，对先行词起修饰作用，紧接先行词之后，无逗号，若省去，原句意思不完整。引导定语从句的关系代词有who,whom,whose,which,that等。who,whom,whose用于指人，whose有时也可指物，相当于of which；which用于指物；that既可指人也可指物，但只用于限制性定语从句中。关系代词除了引导定语从句，替代先行词外，还在从句中担

4、任主语、宾语、定语等。如： The computers and cables which make up the Internet are owned by people and organizations. Those who live alone or who are sick may have trouble in getting close to other people. The girl whose parents died in an accident is living with her grandmother.1)当先行是all,anything,everything,som

5、ething,nothing等不定代词或先行词前有first,last,any,few,much,some,no,only以及形容词最高级修饰时，只能用关系代词that引导从句。如：That is all that Ive heard from him.Hes the first person that Im going to interview this afternoon.2)关系代词的省略在从句中作宾语的关系代词常可省略。关系代词紧跟介词，作介词宾语时不可用that，只可用which或whom引导从句，并且不可省略，但当介词位于宾语从句句末时，作为介词宾语的关系代词仍可用that，也可省

6、略。如： This is one of those things with which we have to put up. This is one of those things (whichthat) we have to put up with. 3)引导定语从句的关系副词有when,where,why等。关系副词在从句中作状语，意义上相当于一个“介词+which”的结构。如： Even in comic books where(=in which) there are no words,the stories are fully expressed through the drawin

7、gs. No one knows the reason why(=for which) he was so angry that day.非限制性定语从句 与主句之间有逗号隔开，若省去，原句意思不受影响。不可用that引导非限制性定语从句。关系词不可省略。如：Every object has a gravitational pull,which is rather like magnetism.“介词+whichwhomwhose”引导的定语从句“介词+whichwhomwhose”可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句，该结构中介词的选择取决于从句谓语动词的固定搭配，或先行词的习惯搭

8、配。如：This is the computer on which he spent all his savings.It is written by a person with whom we are all familiar. as引导的定语从句 as引导的定语从句主要用于“such.as”及“the same.as”的结构中，代替先行词是人或物的名词。as引导非限制性定语从句时，代替整个主句，从句可位于主句之前、之后或中间。如： These are not such problems as can be easily solved.(as代替先行词problems) As is ment

9、ioned above,no single company or group can control what happens on the Internet.(as代替主语)特殊引导词引导的定语从句对定语从句来说，最重要的就是引导词了，没有引导词就不成句子，所以只有能灵活应用引导词，才是真正的掌握定语从句，引导词的使用也不是那么简单，除了常规的引导词外还有特殊词。在英语关系代词中，but，as，than作关系代词可以引导定语从句。既可指人，也可指物，常在定语从句中充当主语。but本身含否定的意思，其作用相当于that /which /whonot。它前面的主句通常有否定的词（如：no，not

10、， little，few，hardly等）。but引导的肯定定语从句和否定的主句连用，达到强烈肯定的修饰效果。eg. There is no mother but loves her own children没有不爱孩子的母亲。既可指人，也可指物，常在限制性定语从句中充当主、宾、表语。as引导的定语从句的先行词前面常有as /such /the same等修饰词。eg. He is as brave a man as ever lived他是世界上最勇敢的人。 The girl is as lovely a rabbit as lives in forest. 这个姑娘就像一个生活在森林的小兔

11、子一样可爱。既可指人，也可指物，可作关系代词来引导定语从句。than前通常有表比较的词。eg.Fewer friends than we had expected came to our evening party来参加晚会的朋友比我们预料的还要少。 More people than we had expected attended this meeting. 来参加会议的人比我们想象的多。考试中的定语从句知识点考查一、疑问句中考查定语从句1. Is this the farm _ you visited last week？A. where B. the one C. on which D.

12、 /【解析】答案是D。命题人经常利用疑问句的特殊结构来干扰学生的正确选择。遇到这类定语从句时，最好的办法是先把疑问句还原成陈述句，然后判断谁是先行词，再看关系词在定语从句中所充当的成分，最后确定正确答案。二、倒装句中考查定语从句2. We came to a place， _ stood a big tower.A. which B. that C. / D. where【解析】正确答案是D。为了保持句子平衡，句子用了倒装语序。倒装的使用使定语从句的结构变得较为特殊，因此对于使用倒装语序的定语从句，应先把倒装语序还原成正常语序，这样句子结构就比较清晰了。三、 拆分词组和固定搭配3. The s

13、econd is connected with the use _ the body makes of food.A. of which B. where C. to do D. that4. Why cant you realize the part _ they have played in our life？A. which B. on which C. when D. where 【解析】正确答案分别是D和A。一些词组和搭配被拆开后，句子的含义就变得难以理解。首先把拆开的词组复原是理解此类定语从句的关键。上述句子中包含以下词组：make use of， play a part （in）

14、。四、添加插入语或状语5. The scientist has made another discovery， _ I believe is of great importance.A. that B. / C. which D. why【解析】应选择C。这类句子主要利用插入语或状语的添加来增加试题的难度。常见的插入语有：I think （suppose， expect， believe， imagine）， in my opinion， to tell you the truth等。做这类题目时，最佳的办法是先删去插入语或状语，这样句子的主干部分就一目了然了。五、插入非谓语动词6. Is this the man _ you want to have _the radio for me？A. who；repaired B. that；repairedC. whom；repairing D. that；repair【解析】D项正确。非谓语动词是英语中难度较大的语法项目之一，因而在定语从句中加入非谓语动词就成了学生最易失分的题目。对付这类题目最有效的办法就是将句子还原。如：我们可以把几个句子中的定语从句进行还原，还原后的句子应是：You want to have the man repair the radio for me.学科网（北京）股份有限公司