高三英语二轮复习语法：there be结构分析与运用讲义.docx

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1、高中英语语法：there be结构分析与运用there be结构的分析与理解there be结构在英语里是一种常见的特殊句子结构。它以引词there(由副词there变来)开首，后常接动词be的各种形式，再后才是主语，主语之后又常有表地点和时间的状语。它像是一种倒装句，但又非倒装句，因为这种“倒装”已成为一种自然的词序。这种结构中的there本身无词义，其后的动词be具有“存在”之意，所以是一实义动词。基本用例：There is a garden behind the house.房子后面有一座花园。There is nothing but clothing in this cupboard.

2、这个柜子里只有衣服。There is a telephone box on the comer.在拐弯处有一个电话间。If there is any problem, let me know.如果有什么问题可以通知我。There is only one person I could approach.只有一个人我可以去找。There is little difference between the two words.这两个字没有什么差别。注意下面一句：There was a dog there.那里有一条狗。There is a bus-stop just there.那里就有公共汽车站。句

3、中第一个there是引词，无词义；第二个there是副词，有词义。there be结构表“存在”，have表“所有”，试比较：There are several oak trees in the garden.花园里有好几株橡树。(主语是oak trees)They have several oak trees in the garden.他们在花园里种有好几株橡树。(主语是they)Theres a telephone in every room.每一个房间都有一部电话。(强调客观存在)Every room has a telephone.每一个房间有电话。(强调电话是每个房间的一固有部分)

4、句首的there如重读，则非引词，而是副词，试比较：There is the book 1 want.那儿就是我所要的书。(there是副词，有词义)There are some books 1 want.有一些我所要的书。(there是引词，无词义)在there be结构中，be之后加上not或no,即变成否定句，如：There is no great difficulty.没有大的困难。There is no need to worry.没有必要发愁。There is not much doubt about his guilt.对他的罪行没有多少怀疑。There is not much

5、life in a small country village.一座小村庄没有多少生气。变为疑问句时，须把be移至there之前，如：Are there any children in the room?房间里有小孩吗?Are there any boys in your group?你们小组中有男生吗?Is there anything for me to do?有什么事需要我做?Is there a doctor available?能请到医生吗?there be结构中的动词be与主语的数必须一致，但主语如是一系列事物，第一个事物为单形可数名词，谓语动词则可用单数形式，如：There is

6、 a textbook, a dictionary and some notebooks on the desk.桌上有一本教科书、一本字典和几本笔记。有时说话人先说出了there is(was)，然后才想到要用复形名词，如：Theres some things I cant resist.有些事物我是不抗拒的。Theres hundreds of people on the waiting list.登记排队的人有好几百。强调主语时，亦可将主语移至句首，如：Men there are yet living who have seen him.见过他的人有的还活着哩。谈谈“there be名词

7、非谓语动词”1.there be+宾语+现在分词：现在分词表示主动关系，同时表示动作正在进行：There is someone waiting for him.有人在等他。There was a man standing in front of me.我前面站着一个男人。There were some children swimming in the river.有些小孩在河里游泳。There were a group of young people working in the fields.有一群青年在地里劳动。有时现在分词可表示一种状态：Theres a piano standing a

8、gainst the wall.靠墙有一架钢琴。Therere a lot of difficulties facing us.我们面前有很多困难。There is a door leading to the garden.有一座门通往花园。有个别现在分词用于该结构时可以表示将来(正如它们可用进行时表示将来一样)：There are ten people coming to dinner.有10个人来吃晚饭。2.there be+宾语+过去分词：过去分词表示一种被动关系，同时表示动作已经发生：There is nothing written on it.上面没写东西。There were te

9、n people killed in the accident.事故中有10人丧生。有时过去分词也可表示一种状态(可转换成被动结构)：There were some old men seated (=who were seated) in the back.有些老人坐在后面。There is a red car parked (=which is parked) outside the house.房子外边停着一辆红色汽车。3.there be+宾语+不定式：不定式通常表示动作尚未发生：There was nobody to look after the child.没有人照顾这孩子。Ther

10、e was a large crowd to send him off.有一大群人要来给他送行。There was so much to lose that we couldnt take any risks.可能会有很大的损失，因此我们不能冒险。【注】当其中的宾语与其后的不定式为被动关系时，可用主动表被动，也可用被动式：There is much work to do to be done.有许多工作要做。有时其中的不定式为系表结构：There is nothing to be afraid of.没什么可怕的。What was there to be afraid of.有什么可怕的?Th

11、eres nothing to be ashamed of.没有什么值得羞愧的。有关there be结构的九个惯用句型1.There is no doing结构。其意为“不可能”、“无法”：Theres no denying the fact.这一事实不容否认。There is no getting over the difficulty.这困难无法克服。There is no knowing what he will do next.无法知道他下一步要干什么。There was no telling when she would be back。没法知道她什么时候回来。2.There is

12、no difficulty in doing sth结构。意为“做某事没有困难”：There is no difficulty in finding his office.找到了他的办公室没费一点劲。There was no difficulty in carrying out the plan.执行这项计划没什么困难。3. Theres no doubt结构。意为“毫无疑问”：There is no doubt of his success.毫无疑问他一定会成功。There could be no doubt that he was one of the best writer in thi

13、s country.毫无疑问他是这个国家最优秀的作家之一。4. There is no hurry (to do sth)句式。其意为“不用急(于做某事)”：Theres no hurry to return the book.现在不急于还书。Theres no hurry, so do it slowly and carefully.不用赶时间，要慢慢细心地做。5.Theres no need for结构。其意为“不需要或不必要”：There is no need for help.不需要帮助。There is no need for you to go.你没有必要去。6. There is

14、 no question about.结构。其意为“是毫无疑问的”：Theres no question about his success.毫无疑问他会成功。Theres no question about his honesty.毫无疑问他是诚实的。7.There is no question of doing sth句式。其意为“做某事是不可能的”：There is no question of his coming.他不可能会来。There is no question of our arriving on time.我们不可能准时赶到。8. There is no sense in

15、doing sth结构。意为“做某事没有道理或好处”：Theres no sense in criticizing him.批评他也没有用。Theres no sense in waiting three hours.等三小时是不没有道理的。9.Theres no point in doing sth句式。意为“做某事没有用”：Theres no point (in) telling her about is.告诉她没有用。Theres no point in wasting time.耗时间没用。【注】以上有的结构中的no根据情况也可换成其他限定词：There is some difficulty in doing sth意为“做某事有些困难”。There is much difficulty in doing sth意为“做某事许多困难”。Theres a need for意为“需要或有必要”。学科网（北京）股份有限公司