题型一 阅读理解 专项训练-高考英语二轮复习.docx

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1、题型一 阅读理解（2）-高考英语高频题型专项训练学校：_姓名：_班级：_考号：_一、阅读理解 A major emergency can create a refugee(难民) population of hundreds of thousands overnight. The most immediate way in which organizations like UNHCR and the International Red Cross can help these refugees is by setting up refugee camps. Refugee camps are

2、designed to be temporary, but they often remain in place for decades. In some parts of the world, children have grown up and had children of their own without ever leaving their camp. Critics argue that they force refugees to be entirely dependent on donations. One journalist who visited the Nyadeou

3、 camp in southern Guinea (Africa) in 2001, described how normally peaceful people were reduced to fighting with each other when the food truck arrived. Refugee camps can easily become dirty, overcrowded and overrun with disease or crime. In many camps, murderers and drug dealers hide themselves amon

4、g the majority of innocent refugees. One alternative for refugees is to settle in a town or a village and become part of the local population. This is known as self-settlement. Several aid agencies argue that self-settlement is in many cases a better option than refugee camps. They say that self-set

5、tled refugees can start to rebuild their lives straight away, and are freer and safer than refugees in camps. Oxfam, the Red Cross and many other international aid agencies support programs in which refugees are helped to self-settle. Representatives of UNHCR argue that refugee camps are the best wa

6、y of saving the greatest possible numbers of lives. They point out that it is much easier to help people if they are all gathered in one place. This is certainly true of emergency relief, for example the distribution of food, water, shelter and medical supplies. It is also true that long-term aid pr

7、ograms, such as family tracing, orphan support and, perhaps most importantly, education, can all be carried out much more easily when refugees are all living together in one place.1、Who are responsible for the refugees dependence on donations?A. Critics. B. Children.C. Refugee camps. D. UNHCR and th

8、e Red Cross.2、What advantage can self-settled refugees enjoy?A. More personal aid. B. More living space.C. Better training programs. D. A better sense of security.3、What benefit can gathering refugees in one place bring?A. It can help save much land.B. Its easier for them to get schooling.C. It can

9、reduce the number of orphans.D. It allows families to better help each other.4、They are discussed in the text except_.A. The advantages of refugee camps. B. The disadvantages of refugee camps.C. The advantages of self-settlement. D. The disadvantages of self-settlement.Water is so low in large stret

10、ches of Italys largest river that local residents are walking through the middle of the expanse of sand and an old ship is resurfacing. In a park near the central northern village of Gualtieri, cyclists and hikers stop in curiosity to observe the Zibello, a 50-meter-long ship that transported wood d

11、uring the WW II but sank in 1943. It was normally covered by the Pos waters. “Its the first time that we can see this ship,” said amateur cyclist Raffaele Vezzal. “Ive never seen such a drought at this time of yearour main worry was our river flooding, but now we worry about its disappearance.”The d

12、rying up of the Po, which runs 652 kilometers from the northwestern city of Turin to Venice, is jeopardizingthe drinking water supply in Italys densely populated and highly industrialized districts and threatening irrigation in the most intensively farmed part of the country, known as the Italian fo

13、od valley.Northern Italy hasnt seen rainfall for more than 110 days and this years snowfall is down by 70%. Aquifers(含水层)，which hold groundwater，are exhausted. Temperatures of 2 above season average are melting the tiny snowfields and glaciers that were left on the top of the surrounding Alps, leavi

14、ng the Po basin without its summer water reservoirs.All these factors are leading to the worst drought in 70 years, according to the Po River Basin Authority(PRBA).Meuccio Berselli, secretary-general of the Po RiverBasin Authority, is working on a plan to guarantee drinking and irrigation water to m

15、illions of households and to the Po valley farmers, who produce 40% of Italian food. The plan includes higher draining from Alpine lakes, less water for hydroelectric(水力发电的) plants and distribution of water in the upstream regions.According to a state-owned energy service system operator, 55% of the

16、 renewable energy coming from hydroelectric plants in Italy comes from the Po and its tributaries. Experts fear that a lack of hydroelectric power will contribute to increased carbon dioxide emissions(排放), as more electricity will have to be produced with natural gas.5、What does the resurfacing of t

17、he Zibello suggest?A. The drought of the Po is serious. B. River flooding is worrying. C. It has been recovered from damage. D. Residents are preserving it.6、What does the underlined word “jeopardizing” in paragraph 3 probably mean?A. Indicating.B. Increasing. C. Endangering.D. Providing.7、What does

18、 the text indicate about the PRBAs plan?A. It helps to generate renewable energy. B. It may lead to environmental problems, C. It will cause the Po to disappear quickly D. It deserves wide support and high praise.8、Which of the following is the best title for the text?A.A Wartime Ship Is Resurfacing

19、 B. Italy Is Seeking Water Supplies C. A Drought Is Threatening FarmersD. Italys Largest River Is Drying Up Weaving in and out of traffic, the minibuses on Cairos ring road seem to be racing and competing to pick up passengers. Since a ride costs as little as five Egyptian pounds ($0.32), quantity i

20、s the key. So drivers speed along the motorway, using every little gap in the traffic. The privately run minibuses are a common scene in the capital. But locals do not exactly like them. Start with the not-all-competent drivers, who contribute to the citys terrible record on road safety. Traffic in

21、Cairo is made worse when they stop to pick up and drop off passengers. The minibuses, which run on cheap diesel(柴油), give off poisonous gas into the air. For the government they are an embarrassment, a loud reminder of its failure to provide enough public transport. That helps explain why officials

22、said that minibuses would be banned. Taking their place would be a new bus rapid transit (BRT) system operating in special lanes(车道). But dont be fooled: the minibuses will still be around for a while. Years ago, Cairo had a surprising network of trams(电车) and buses as well as a metro system. But no

23、w the trams are all gone and even officials are unsure how many buses remain. The metro has a different problem. Though it covers a limited area, it is often overpacked. Therefore, some Egyptians buy cars instead, which worsens both pollution and traffic jam. Most other folks rely on the minibuses.

24、Poor planning and even poorer policies are partly to blame. The government has built satellite cities around the capital, most of which are connected to Cairo via the ring road. But until recently there was little public transport between them. The minibuses, which connect the various settlements, f

25、ill the gap. Experts think the BRT will eventually offer relief but that the ban on minibuses is premature. Experts propose waiting until more of the new public-transport system is in place. That could take a while. The first stage of the BRT was supposed to open at the end of last year. Delays in c

26、onstruction have pushed it back. So the minibuses are still flying down the ring road.9、Why do people living in Cairo dont like minibuses?A. They make the traffic worse.B. Their drivers are too able.C. They are the governments failure.D. Their drivers compete to pick up passengers.10、What does the u

27、nderlined expression probably mean?A. satisfy the needs B. make it difficultC. connect the roads D. bridge the differences11、What might the experts mentioned in the last paragraph agree with?A. Cairo should build less satellite cities.B. The ban on minibuses should be put off.C. Minibuses should be

28、encouraged and improved.D. The BRT systems will work better than minibuses.12、What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Traffic problems in Cairo B. The future of minibuses in CairoC. Why are minibuses popular in Cairo? D. Should minibuses be banned in Cairo? Oceans are an appealing target for re

29、newable energy generation. Waves alone produce 32,000 terawatt-hours of natural energy per yearfor reference, the entire world uses around 23,000 terawatt-hours annually. And there is also the power of currents and tides(潮沙) energy. The advantages of wave power are clear. Basically, wave energy does

30、 not emit greenhouse gases when generated, like fossil fuels do. Turbines(祸轮机) generate electricity through the power of waves, making them a completely pollution-free, renewable energy source. And the amount of power that is produced in a wave is huge that energy then gets captured by wave energy c

31、onverters(转换器) to produce electricity. There is also a lot of potential because many countries have access to an ocean that can help power their electric grids. Also, waves are hardly interrupted and almost always in motion. This makes electricity generation from wave energy a more reliable energy s

32、ource compared to wind power, since wind is not constantly blowing. But the disadvantages of wave energy are serious too. Building plants or electrical wires directly on the beach might prove challenging because they would be unsightly and can cause damage to marine life and the surrounding ecosyste

33、ms. Local fishing zones could be affected or the plants could lead to more coastal corrosion(腐蚀). High costs is a problem too. Wave power is an emerging energy technology in the early stages of development, making working out costs difficult. Maintenance for these plants is projected to be very expe

34、nsive because they will be submerged in constantly-moving saltwater. Because constant movement can lead to more breaking, wave energy plants will most likely need regular (and costly) maintenance. Despite the challenges, there is a future of wave energy. For many ocean-bordering countries, wave ener

35、gy could be a great addition to the renewable energy mix. The bottom line is that wave power has huge global potential. However, the industry needs more funding and research to finalize the technology involved so that countries and governments can begin adding wave energy to their renewable energy c

36、ollection.13、What makes wave power more reliable compared to wave power?A. Being huge in amount. B. Being environmentally friendly.C. Being almost always on the move. D. Being accessible to many countries.14、Why is it difficult to calculate the costs of wave power plants?A. The plants are still in t

37、he initial stage.B. The plants will ruin the neighbouring scenery.C. It will cost much to maintain their functions.D. The plants will cause damage to the ecosystems nearby.15、Who is the text most probably intended for?A. Students concerned about marine life.B. Governments attracted by wave energy.C.

38、 Teachers focusing on coastal ecosystems.D. Scientists interested in renewable energy.16、What is the authors attitude toward wave energy?A. Critical. B. Reserved. C. Supportive. D. Doubtful. You improve your robots software by improving its software. Agrim Gupta of Stanford University, however, begs

39、 to differ. He thinks you can also improve a robots software by improving its hardware. He and his colleagues have invented a way of testing this idea. They brought to their robots, unimals the principles of evolution (进化) by natural selection. Unimals, with globes for heads and sticks for arms and

40、legs, are software beings interacting with a virtual environment. The environments where they wandered were in three varieties: flat grounds, grounds with hills and steps, and ones that had the complexities of the second sort, but with added objects. To begin with, the unimals were randomly assigned

41、 various shapes, but with identical softwarederl. Newly created unimals learned to face the challenges in a virtual bootcamp. They were then entered into tournaments in groups. Each group winner was awarded one mutation (变异)one extra arm or leg, or one extra turning in a joint. The new replaced the

42、oldest unimal and then was assigned to a new group, and the process repeated. About 4,000 varieties of them underwent training. The team were surprised by the diversity of shapes that evolved. Crucially, though, the researchers found the most successful unimals learned tasks in half the time their o

43、ldest ancestors had taken, and that those evolving in the toughest grounds were the most successful. In this evolution of unimals morphology (形态) to promote the ability to learn, Dr Gupta sees a version of something called the Baldwin effect. In 1896 James Baldwin, a psychologist, argued that minds

44、evolve to make the best use of the morphologies of the bodies. What Dr Gupta has shown, though in software, is that the opposite can also be true changes in body morphology can improve the way minds work. Even though he held the software constant, it became more efficient at learning as the unimals

45、bodies evolved. Whether that discovery can be turned to account in the way robots are developed remains to be seen. But the way of testing is certainly an out-of-the-box idea.17、How was the test conducted?A.By stimulating unimals mutation.B.By adjusting the environments.C.By proving the evolution th

46、eory.D.By promoting unimals learning.18、What turned out to be surprising in the test?A.The variety of evolved shapes.B.The decline in time for learning tasks.C.The number of trained unimals.D.The replacement of old unimals.19、What can be concluded from the test?A.Mind evolution affects body shaping.

47、B.Hardware changes do not impact software.C.Body changes better mind work.D.The discovery is useful in robot restaurant.20、Whats the authors attitude to the finding?A.Objective.B.Negative.C.Indifferent.D.Approving. Those who are concerned that robots are taking over the world can rest easyfor now. T

48、hough the androids have proved useful at performing ordinary tasks, they are not ready for the greatest time. At least that appears to be the case at Japans Henn-na Hotel chain where over half of the robot staff are being replaced by humans. The first location of the unique hotel opened in July 2015 was at Nagasakis Huis Ten Bosch Theme Park. The hotels owner, Hideo Sawada, promised the hotel to be managed primarily by robots. Guests were greeted and checked-in by a d