定语从句和构词法在高考阅读中的关键作用讲义--高三英语二轮复习.docx

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1、精讲精练 攻坚克难 You must succeed! 朱老师定语从句+构词法在阅读中的总要作用知识点回顾：关系代词指人指物既指人又指物主格词who which that宾格词who(m)属格词whose/of whomwhose/of whichwhose限制性定语从句对先行词起修饰限制作用;非限制性定语从句对先行词起补充说明作用。在非限制性定语从句中,先行词与定语从句往往由逗号隔开。构词法PrefixMeaningKey Wordanti-againstantifreezede-oppositedefrostdis-*not, opposite ofdisagreeen-, em-caus

2、e toencode, embracefore-beforeforecastin-, im-ininfieldin-, im-, il-, ir-*notinjustice, impossibleinter-betweeninteractmid-middlemidwaymis-wronglymisfirenon-notnonsenseover-overoverlookpre-beforeprefixre-*againreturnsemi-halfsemicirclesub-undersubmarinesuper-abovesuperstartrans-acrosstransportun-*no

3、tunfriendlyunder-underundersea典礼分析：People (who use cross-country skiing as a workout) over several weeks will discover( that the muscles of their entire body increase in strength. )1. In addition to gaining strength in the muscles of the upper and lower body, people (who use cross-country skiing as

4、a workout method over several weeks )will also discover that their heart is stronger. Enlarge2. However, managers（ that possess their own enclosed offices） might have the feeling of being distant(远的) from their clerks, which leads to high pressure. emotion soul stress=pressure压力 en-动词前后缀 ensure保证 en

5、able确保3. In contrast,相反 a landscape office makes it easier and more pleasant for employees to communicate with their managers or their colleagues; this would result in speeding up work efficiency and productivity.4. Some opponents claim that a landscape景观 office would lead to the decline下降 of the va

6、lue of work satisfaction and motivation from employees. However, the result结果 from other researchers remained controversial有争议的; in their opinion there are several factors which affect job satisfaction and motivation. Keep=stay=remain Supporter反opponent claim 声明 宣称 Satisfied-satisfaction motivate 动机

7、5. Although the benefits of a landscape office outweigh those of an enclosed office, which layout is better should be decided by the characteristics of the people and the type of work they do. 特点 特性7.While the best solution in the long-term would be to ban fossil-fueled cars, that =the best solution

8、）wont help the millions （who are dying in the meantime）, and so some high-tech solutions are now on the cards.正在酝酿中 Technology8.Another promising approach can be found in Beijing, after China declared a “war against pollution” in 2014. A seven-metre-high “Smog Free Tower”, designed by a Dutch scient

9、ist, Daan Roosegaarde, opened in Beijings 751 D Park in September 2016. 9.“It means that you are actually taking carbon(碳) out of the sky, transforming it into a material, and then using it to build,” says Dring.10. Its extremely important to question and to use every verification(验证) method availab

10、le before publication.” Yet those working in newsrooms talk of doubtful stories being tolerated because, in the words of some senior editors, “a click is a click, regardless of the advantage of a story”. And, “if the story does turn out to be false, its simply a chance for another bite at the cherry

11、.”实战应用Passage oneMillions of migratory（迁徙的）birds occupy seasonally favorablebreeding（繁殖）grounds in the Arctic,but scientists know little about the formation,maintenance and future of the migration routes of Arctic birds and the genetic determinants of migratory distanceIn a new study,a multinational

12、 team of researchers under the leadership of DrZHAN Xiangjiang from the Institute of Zoology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences integrated two state-of-the-art techniques-satellite tracking and whole genome sequencing（基因排序）-and established a continental-scale migration system of peregrine falcons in

13、 Eurasian ArcticThe researchers tracked 56 peregrine falcons from six Eurasian Arctic breeding populations and sequenced 35 genomes from four of these populations to study the migration of this speciesThey found that the birds used five migration routes across Eurasia,probably established between th

14、e last Ice Age22,000 years ago and the middle-Holocene6,000 years ago“Peregrine falcons initiated their autumn migration mainly in September,and arrived at their wintering areas mainly in October，said Professor Mike Bruford,an ecologist at Cardiff University“Peregrine falcons that depart from differ

15、ent breeding grounds use different routes,and winter at widely distributed sites across four distinct regionsIndividual birds that were tracked for more than one year exhibited strong path repeatability during migration,complete loyalty to wintering locations and limited breeding dispersal（扩散）。”The

16、researchers quantified the migration strategies and found that migration distance is the most significant differentiationThey used whole genome sequencing and found a gene-ADCY8， which is known to be involved in long-term memory in other animals in previous research-associated with differences in mi

17、gratory distanceThey found ADCY8 had a variant at high frequency in long-distance migrant populations of peregrine falcons,indicating this variant is being favorably selected because it may increase powers of long-term memory thought to be essential for long-distance migrationPrevious studies have i

18、dentified several candidate genomic regions that may regulate migration-but our work is the strongest demonstration of a specific gene associated with migratory behavior yet identified，Professor Bruford saidThe researchers further looked at models of likely future migration behavior to predict the i

19、mpact of global warmingIf the climate warms at the same rate as it has in recent decades,they predict peregrine populations in western Eurasia have the highest probability of population decline and may stop migrating altogether“Our work is the first to begin to understand the way ecological factors

20、may interact in migratory birds，said DrZHAN Xiangjiang“We hope it will serve as a cornerstone to help conserve migratory species in the world”27What can we learn from the first two paragraphs？AFive birdshistorical migration routes were rebuiltBPeregrine falcons stick to the areas where they winterCT

21、wo novel research methods of migration were inventedDPeregrine falcons leave for Arctic regions in September28What can we infer about ADCY8？AIt is a newly-discovered gene in the new studyBIt serves as a fundamental part of long-distance migrationCIt could be strengthened by the power of long-term me

22、moryDIt turned out to be more favored by birds than the other animals29What is special about the new study？AIt has discovered a new genomic region of birdsBIt has predicted the rate at which the climate warmsCIt analyses the reasons for the decrease of peregrine falconsDIt encourages attention to en

23、vironmental effects on migratory birds30Which would be the best title for this passage？AResearchers Help Conserve Migratory Species BBiologists Find Evidence of Migration Gene in Birds CHow Long-term Memory Helps Long-distance Migration DHow Ecological Factors Affect BirdsMigratory DistancesPassage

24、twoOne of the great things about pictures is that they make no demands on youYou can look as long as you like and walk away at any timeTheres a freedom in the arrangement thats different from going to the movies,concerts or the theaterOccasionally,people always say they feel intimidated by artOn the

25、 one hand,I get itSome in the art world,wanting to establish their authority,fall back on abstractions to create a zone of exclusionIt can be insufferableBut on the other hand,what field doesnt see a version of this phenomenon？Have you tried understanding cellular biology？Contract law？In my experien

26、ce,there is less of this complex talk around art than around most other fieldsArt is a wide fieldIts deepIts diverseYou can come at the subject from countless anglesPeople seem to have been making art since the beginning,so the subject is an inseparable part of the whole history of humanitySo yes,th

27、ings can get complicatedBut,in the end,were talking about pictures and sculpturesHow hard is it to look at a painting？How difficult is it to walk around a sculpture？Children get it immediatelyThey know theres no right or wrong when it comes to looking at artThere are just things to notice,to test ag

28、ainst our imperfect sense of the truth,and to fold into our various conceptions of beautyThings we notice may cause feelingsThey may lead to ideasThey might equally provide a release from ideas-a release into wonder, and into new kinds of awareness connected to your body,your senses,and your general

29、 state of existential confusionWhat I notice will be different from what you noticeThats how it goes with artMore than the political or economic conditions of any given era,it is art that later generations most want to rememberWe remember Picasso and Matisse with more love than General Francisco Fra

30、nco or Marshall PetainAnd we remember the Beatles and Francis Bacon over the chief ministers of Britain in the 1960sThats because the arts-and I define the term as broadly as possible-reveal the best of usIts because they combine the most intelligent and the most feeling of usThey testify,most funda

31、mentally,to the fact that were alive,that people lived before us, that as a species were capable of making the most extraordinary things,and that human consciousness and the world beyond it are nothing short of astonishingAgain and again,art expresses that astonishment-that mixture of wonder and dis

32、appointment,knowing and unknowing,pleasure and pain,joy and fear31What does the underlined word intimidatedin Paragraph 1 probably mean？AMisledBInspiredCFrightenedDAttracted32What is the main idea of the first two paragraphs？AArt is complicated but easyBArt is as complex as other fieldsCArt is insuf

33、ferable due to its abstractionDArt is an inseparable part of human history33Why does the author mention several famous people in Paragraph 3？ATo emphasize artists are more adorableBTo illustrate the superior position of artCTo show art can spread in a broader areaDTo compare political and artistic figures34According to the passage,the author may agree that_Aabstract concepts can block humansinsights Bart is a combination of unsettled contradictions Chumans should try to perfect their thoughts of beauty Dthe appeal of art lies in its reflection of the best of man7学科网（北京）股份有限公司