新概念英语第二册Lesson 31-Lesson 35 课文、翻译、超详细讲解&附练习讲义.docx

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1、新概念英语第二册课文、翻译、超详细讲解&附练习等（31-35）Lesson 31 Success story【New words and expressions】（8）retire v. 退休company n. 公司bicycle n. 自行车save v. 积蓄workshop n. 车间helper n. 帮手，助手employ v. 雇佣grandson n. 孙子retire v. 退休retire =stop working =stop doing thisHe is getting old, He is going to retire. 他越来越老, 他打算退休了Im going

2、 to retire next year. 我明年会退出影坛或歌坛Im so tired that Im going to retire now. (retire = go to bed)company n. 公司firm n. 商行corporation n. 责任公司limited corporation 有限责任公司（缩略形式：Ltd.Co）business n. 生意，公司He works in my business. 他在我的公司工作save vt. 积蓄 vt. 挽救，救助，拯救save ones lifeThe doctor saved the childs life.They

3、 saved the child from the fire.save ones face 挽会面子 vt. 积蓄，储蓄He used to save letters.save money 存钱 He saved (money) for years to buy a car.西方人不喜欢提钱, 所以用 save up 表示存钱I have saved up for many years. 我已经存了好几年的钱Save it for a rainy day. 未雨绸缪, 为将来需要而做好准备workshop n. 车间workshop n. 车间（工作并且可以拿出来卖）workhouse n.

4、感化院（强迫劳动的地方）helper n. 帮手, 助手assistant n. 助理employ v. 雇佣employee n. 雇员 ；employer n. 雇主trainer n. 教练 ；trainee n. 接受训练的人【Text】Yesterday afternoon Frank Hawkins was telling me about his experiences as a young man. Before he retired, Frank was the head of a very large business company, but as a boy he us

5、ed to work in a small shop. It was his job to repair bicycles and at that time he used to work fourteen hours a day. He saved money for years and in 1958 he bought a small workshop of his own. In his twenties Frank used to make spare parts for aeroplanes. At that time he had two helpers. In a few ye

6、ars the small workshop had become a large factory which employed seven hundred and twenty-eight people. Frank smiled when he remembered his hard early years and the long road to success. He was still smiling when the door opened and his wife came in. She wanted him to repair their grandsons bicycle!

7、参考译文昨天下午弗兰克.霍金斯向我讲述了他年轻时的经历. 在退休前, 弗兰克是一家非常大的商业公司的经理, 但他小时候却在一家小铺里做工. 他那时的工作是修理自行车, 并且通常是一天工作14个小时. 他靠多年积蓄, 于1958年买下了自己的一个小铺子. 20多岁的时候, 弗兰克曾生产飞机零配件. 那时他有两个帮手. 几年之后, 小铺子已经发展成了一个雇有728人的大工厂. 弗兰克回想着他早年的艰难经历和走过的漫长的成功之路, 微笑了. 他正笑着的时候门开了, 他的妻子走了进来. 她叫他去修理孙子的自行车.【课文讲解】1、Before he retired, Frank was the head

8、 of a very large business company, but as a boy he used to work in a small shop.head是“首领、头目”的意思，“the head of+名词”的意思是“的老板，头” John is the head of the family. 一家之主 Frank is the head of the firm. 弗兰克是那家公司的总裁。used to do sth. 过去常常, 但是现在不做My teacher used to live there. 我的老师过去住在那(现在不住了)He lived there. 他过去住在

9、那(不知道现在是否住在那)workas 作为工作He used to work as a teacher.as a boy = as he was a boy （as的意思是“当的时候”）as a young man 当他年轻的时候2、It was his job to repair bicycles and at that time he used to work fourteen hours a day.at that time =just then =at that moment 那时3、He saved money for years and in 1958 he bought a s

10、mall workshop of his own.of ones own 自己的，属于自己的（own为代词） Do you have a house of your own?my own book (own 起强调作用, 自己的)用of ones own 或 ones own 由被修饰词的位置决定, 如果被修饰名词在前边, 用of ones own, 如果被修饰名词在后边, 用ones own4、In his twenties Frank used to make spare parts for aeroplanes.in ones -ies 在某人几十岁的时候in ones twenties

11、/thirties/forties/fifties/nineties，十的倍数的复数形式可用于表达近似的、非确定的数量，与所有格形容词连用时表示大约的年龄。in my fifties 在我五十多岁的时候In his fifties, he learned the second language.in the 1980s 在二十世纪八十年代I worked /began the job in the 1990s.5、In a few years the small workshop had become a large factory which employed seven hundred a

12、nd twenty-eight people.has become 成长为in a few years 在一些年之后factory which employed 工厂雇佣（除了人可以雇佣外，工厂、公司也可以这样表达)6、Frank smiled when he remembered his hard early years and the long road to success.ones hard early years =early in ones life 某人的早年艰辛（生活）the long road to success 通往成功的长路There is a long way to

13、go. 还有很长的路要走。remember v. 记得, 回忆起memory n. 记忆 ；memorize v. 记住【Key structures】过去进行时与一般过去时过去进行时表示过去某个时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作，和一般过去时经常在一个句子里使用。与一般过去时相比，它更强调动作的持续性，一般过去时则表示比较短暂的动作或事件。在叙述故事时，过去进行时往往用来表示背景。When I was watering the garden, it began to rain.As I was getting on the bus, I slipped and hurt my foot.used

14、to doused to do表示过去有过但现在已不存在的习惯，以便将过去与现在形成对照。它后面经常用由but now，but notany more/any longer等构成的、用了一般现在时的句子以强调过去和现在的不同之处。 I used to smoke, but I dont any more/longer.He used to be a postman a long time ago. Hes a taxi driver now.很久以前他曾是个邮递员, 现在他是个出租车司机.I have given up smoking. I used to smoke very heavily

15、.我已经戒烟了, 过去我吸烟很厉害.I used to collect stamps when I was a boy.当我还是个小男孩时, 我常搜集邮票.used to仅用于一般过去。它的疑问句和否定句形式可以不用助动词do而用used本身。 Used he to smoke? He usednt /used not to smoke.但比较常用的形式是did和didnt Did he use to smoke? He didnt use to smoke.在针对used to提问时，一般也用did： I used to be a good swimmer. Did you really?

16、I didnt even know you could swim.【Special Difficulties】Experience n. 经历(可数名词)He told me about his experiences as a young man. n. 经验(不可数名词)They want someone with a lot of experience for this job.Does she have any experience in teaching? vt. 经验，体验The village has experienced great changes since 1980.ex

17、perienced adj. 有经验的，经验丰富的 John is an experienced driver.Save vt.& vi. 救助，搭救，拯救save ones life 挽救某人的生命 The doctor saved the childs life.save ones face 挽回面子 vt.& vi. 储蓄，积攒save money 存钱（多余的钱） He saved (money) for years to buy a car.save it for a rainy day 未雨绸缪economize i(:)5kCnEmaiz v.经济，节省（能不用的就不用，节衣缩食

18、）Work and Jobwork和job都翻译为“工作”，job为可数名词，一般与“职业、职位”有关，或表示某人的“份内事”；work作“工作”讲时是不可数名词，常指具体的“劳动、作业”或“（待做的）工作或事务”等，也可能表示“上班”。John is looking for a new job.Im looking for work as a driver.I am looking for a new job.It was his job to repair bicycles.【Composition】Frank (not only) (neither) (repaired) (made)h

19、is grandsons bicycle, (but)(also)went for a ride on it(as well)(both). He (said)(told)me later:I(make)(do)aeroplanes, (and) (but) I prefer bicycles.not only / repaired / but /as well / told /make/ butgo for a ride/go for a walk 骑车出去/出去散步ride a car/bicycle/horsego for a ride on sth (对自行车只能用 “on” ) 出去

20、骑车prefer pri5fE: vt.更喜欢, 宁愿【Multiple choice questions】1 When he was a young man, Frank _d_.a. owned a small shop b. made spare parts for aeroplanesc. made spare parts for bicycles d. worked hard and saved his money(a)(b)选项是作为 “he was a young man” 中的一个部分3 Frank used to work in a small shop. He _a_.a.

21、 doesnt anymore b. still doesc. is now d. has never done anything elsenot anymore 不再I will not make the mistake anymore.4 He used to work fourteen hours a day. He did this _c_ day.a. one b. some c. each d. aevery day / each day 每天one day 有一天 ； some day 某一天 ； a 作为计量单位的一部分I will beat you some day. 总有一

22、天我会打败你8 Frank is the _a_ of a business company.a. director b. headmaster c. superior d. leaderleader n. 起带头作用的人headmaster hed5mB:stE(r) n. 校长director n. 管理公司或单位整个事务的人Frank is a director of a business company.superior n. 监理12 He was still smiling when the door opened and his wife _c_.a. went in b. en

23、tered in c. entered d. entered intointo 后面一定要加地点enter 既是及物动词, 也是不及物动词entergo in/come ingo in 与 come in 都可以用enter代替, 但go in(离说话人越来越远) 与 come in(离说话人越来越近) 方向不一样,文中强调的是 “进去” 而非 “进来”Lesson 32 Shopping made easy【New words and expressions】（6）once adv. 曾经，以前temptation n. 诱惑article n. 物品，东西wrap v. 包裹simply

24、adv. 仅仅arrest v. 逮捕once adj. 曾经, 以前 once = long long ago 很久以前 once 一次I visited my mother once a month. (一次) once 连接从句，表示“一旦”Once you leave my company, you must return the house.temptation n 诱惑temptation to do sth. 的诱惑temptation to steal 偷窃的诱惑resist the temptation to do sth. 抵抗不了的诱惑(resist ri5zist vt

25、. 抵抗, 反抗, 抗, 忍得住)I cant resist the temptation to laugh.article n. 物品, 东西 n. 文章This is a good article. n. 物品, 东西（强调的是商店里的一个一个的东西, 是可数名词, 单独的东西, 独立的个体）thing n. 指任何的东西（和article不可相互取代）cargo 5kB:Eu n. 船货, (车、船、飞机等运输的)货物goods n. 货物, 商店里的货物的总称wrap v. 包裹wrap sth. up 把打包Please wrap them (up) for me. 请替我把他们包好

26、pack v. 打包（指为了携带, 运输的方便而打包）I will take/get/have it. Please wrap them for me. / Please pack them for me.simply adv. 仅仅simply = only = justarrest v. 逮捕 vt. 逮捕，扣留When she was arrested, she refused to say anything.The criminal was arrested.（criminal 5kriminl n. 罪犯, 犯罪者；adj. 犯罪的, 犯法的, 罪恶的） n. 逮捕，扣留sb. be

27、 under arrest 某人被逮捕 Tony is under arrest now.control/under control 控制/被控制 vt. 吸引（注意等）arrest ones attention 吸引某人的注意The beauty of the woods arrested the tourists. 树林的美丽景色吸引了游客。He was arrested by her words. 她的话吸引了他。【Text】People are not so honest as they once were. The temptation to steal is greater tha

28、n ever before-especially in large shops. A detective recently watched a well-dressed woman who always went into a large store on Monday mornings. One Monday, there were fewer people in the shop than usual when the woman came in, so it was easier for the detective to watch her. The woman first bought

29、 a few small articles. After a little time, she chose one of the most expensive dresses in the shop and handed it to an assistant who wrapped it up for her as quickly as possible. Then the woman simply took the parcel and walked out of the shop without paying. When she was arrested, the detective fo

30、und out that the shop assistant was her daughter. The girl gave her mother a free dress once a week !参考译文人们不再像以前那样诚实了. 偷窃的诱惑力比以往任何时候都更强烈特别是在大的商店里. 一名侦探最近注意上了一位穿着讲究的妇女, 她总是在星期一上午进入一家大商场. 有一个星期一, 当这位妇女走进这家商场时, 里面的人比往常少, 因此, 侦探比较容易监视她. 这位妇女先是买了几样小商品. 过了一会几, 她又选了商场里最昂贵的一件衣服, 把它递给了售货员. 那售货员以最快的速度为她包好了衣服.

31、 然后, 那妇女拿过包就走出了商场, 根本没有付钱. 她被逮捕后, 侦探发现原来那售货员是她的女儿. 那姑娘每星期 “送” 她母亲一件免费的衣服!【课文讲解】1、shopping made easymade 为过去分词, 有 “被” 的意思（标题不用句子, 所以标题省略be）make v. 制造；使怎么样make the room cleanmake shopping easy =Shopping be made easy.(句子)2、People are not so honest as they once were.asas 和一样（as+ adj./adv. +as +比较对象）This

32、 case is as light as that one.It is as heavy as that one. 这个东西和那个东西一样重asas的否定形式是not soas/not asasIt is not as heavy as that one. 这个东西不如那个东西重I am taller than you/you are not as tall as I.less +原级 +thannot asas=not soas 不如那样（比较状语从句）I am not so lucky as those fisherman.once表示“以前，曾经”时只能与动词的过去式连用： He onc

33、e worked at a large company.3、The temptation to steal is greater than ever before-especially in large shops.the temptation to steal 偷窃的诱惑力 The temptation to smoke is strong for him. （to smoke为不定式）要表现现在与过去的比较, 有两种方式 : they are 与 they were 或 it is /it was等在用不同时态比they are 与 they were 在用不同时态比You are mor

34、e beautiful than you were. 你比过去漂亮多了You look better than you were. (省略句 : You look better.)Is this your car? It was my car. 以前是我的车子。You were worse. （表示You are better.你过去更差劲, 表示现在比以前更好了）I think 我想I thought 我原以为 用短语than ever beforePeople are not so honest as before. = People are not so honest as they o

35、nce were.4、A detective recently watched a well-dressed woman who always went into a large store on Monday mornings.watch v. 观察, 监视; 当心(口语中)watch the enemywatch sth. 当心Watch your head! (威胁)“well+动词的过去分词”组成复合形容词，做定语well-designed 设计得不错well-educated 有教养的5、One Monday, there were fewer people in the shop

36、than usual when the woman came in, so it was easier for the detective to watch her.as usual 象平常 ；than usual 比平常so it was easier for the detective to watch her. (句中用“easier”有潜在的比较含义，it 是形式主语，for sb.中的sb.是逻辑主语It be动词+形容词+for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说做什么事The teacher bought a lot of dresses to make her more

37、beautiful.(更漂亮, 不用 “more” 时会让人产生误会，用more是表示对别人的尊重)out of politeness 出于礼貌 (politeness n. 有礼, 优雅)6、After a little time, she chose one of the most expensive dresses in the shop and handed it to an assistant who wrapped it up for her as quickly as possible.after a little time 过了一会儿handto 递给(比较有权威的人)hand

38、ed it to an assistant hand it tu: En EsIstEnt (前一个以 “o” 结尾, 后一个以 “元音” 开头的, 读时需再在它们之间加一个w音, 又如：my heart go on. EuwRn)pass sth. to sb. 一个一个的传递(更常用)hand in 上交wrap sth. up for sb. 为某人打包as as possible 尽可能 I have sent you as many books as possible. He went home as soon as possible.7、When she was arrested,

39、 the detective found out that the shop assistant was her daughter.find out 发现（后跟的宾语一般是抽象的）find out the truth 发现真相find sth. 找到(sth. 是看得见, 模得着的, 具体的)I find the pen. (pen是具体的)8、The girl gave her mother a free dress once a week !free adj. 免费的 Children under five years old travel free. 5岁以下儿童免费旅行。fee adj

40、. 交费fee parking 收费的停车场“once a +表示时间的名词”可以表示频率：He comes to the office once a day.【Key structures】比较状语从句比较状语从句含有或暗含有“与相比”的意思。除了than或morethan这种结构外，它还包括as+形容词/副词+as，not so/asas，lessthan等结构。当句子里两个动词相同、时态也一样时，则第二个动词可以省略，比较从句就成了含蓄的从句。如果对比的东西很明显，那么为了避免重复，从句中有些成分、甚至整个从句都省略，因此这类句子往往不完整。 People arent so kind a

41、s they used to be. No, theyre becoming less kind. 是的，他们变得不那么友善了。 He is as quick in answering as his sister (is). He answers as quickly as his sister (does). He is not so/as quick as his sister.little和few的用法little和a little与不可数名词一起使用。little表示否定，有“几乎一点儿也没有”的含义，在口语中常用not much；a little表示肯定，具有some的含义。 He

42、has (very) little hope of winning this race. =He hasnt much hope of winning this race. Have we got any bread? Yes, theres a little/some in the fridge.few和a few与复数可数名词连用。few表示否定，与little相似，在口语中多用not many；a few表示肯定，有some的含义。 They had few guests last weekend. They didnt have many guests last weekend.lit

43、tle的比较级为less，few的比较级为fewer。 During the holiday, there is less noise in the building. There are fewer travelers than there usually are.【Special Difficulties】A and One不定冠词a通常用于表示不确定的人或事物以及第一次提到的人或事物，a强调的是后面的名词； one强调的是 “一个” 的意思： It was one apple I ate, not two. There is a book and a pen on the desk.不表

44、示强调时，a和one有时可以互换： She will come home in a/one weeks time.叙述故事时常将one+表示时间的名词用于句首，而不用a： One Monday, he went to the office as usual.【Multiple choice questions】4 There were fewer people in the shop than usual. There were _b_.a. as many as usual b. not as many as usualc. as few as usual d. more than usual7 It was one of the most expensive dresses _a_ the shop.a. in b. of c. from d. tomost expensive 最高级 +地点 用in +范围表示所有的人或(书)当中, 用of I have ever seen/done/heard. (定语从句) 我所看过的, 做过的, 听过的8 A detective recently watched a well-dressed woman. He _d_ her.a. lo