高考英语语法复习:介词的固定搭配讲义.docx
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1、介词的固定搭配: 1.名词与介词的固定搭配:(1) key, answer, visit, apology, introduction, attitude, monument, devotion + to(2) interest, satisfaction, expert + in(3) mercy, congratulations, effect + on(4) prize for / respect for / victory over / struggle with/ excuse for/ for fear of 2.形容词与介词的固定搭配:(1) afraid, angry, goo
2、d, bad, clever, surprised, excited, puzzled, frightened+ at (2) afraid, sure, certain, full, tired, fond, proud, worthy + of (3) angry, strict, careful, busy, popular, patient + with(4) weak, strict, rich, interested, successful, slow + in(5) next, good, polite, kind, cruel, rude, known, married, cl
3、ose, similar, due+ to(6) sorry, famous, fit, unfit, eager, anxious, hungry + for (7) far, different, free, safe, absent, tired+ from(8) sorry, worried, curious, anxious, careful, sure, certain + about注意:同一形容词与不同介词搭配其含义不同:eg.He is good to her.The advice is good for her.at: at dawn : 拂晓 eg.They start
4、work at dawn.at daybreak: 拂晓 eg. We left before daybreak/at daybreak.at sunrise : 日出时; at sunset(sundown) : 日落时; at noon : 在中午; at dusk : 在黄昏 eg. The street lights go in at dusk. at night : 在夜晚; at home: 在家; at table: 在用餐; at school :在上学; at college :在上大学; at last : 最后; at rest : 静止不动;at risk= at th
5、e risk of :有危险; 冒风险; at the thought of: 一想到;at the cost of:在的费用;at the bottom of: 在的底部at the price of :以价格; at a speed of: 以速度;at (the) most/ least: 至多(少); at the head of : 首先; at(on) the top of;at (a) great expense :以巨大费用; at intervals :每隔; at the foot of; at peace; at war; at present(=at the prese
6、nt time)from: from memory: 凭记忆; from cover to cover: 从头至尾; from day to day: 日复一日; from beginning to end: 从头 至尾; from head to toe: 从头到脚; from the(bottom of your) heart: 真诚地; 从内心(深处); from door to door:挨家挨户。in : in high/poor/bad spirits:情绪高涨、低落; in tears:热泪盈眶; in fear:在恐惧中; in danger:在危险中; in peace:和平
7、相处;in safety:很安全; in need:被需要; in good order:很整齐;in silence:静静地; in good health:身体好; in a fever:在发烧; in love: 在热恋中; in public:在公共场所; in doubt:有疑问; in print:在印刷; in flower:在开花。of + 抽象名词 = 形容词:of + great/much +抽象名词= very +形容词; of + no +抽象名词= not +形容词eg. It is of great/much value. = It is very valuable
8、. The camel is of great help to the Abra. = The camle is very helpful to the Arab.to + 情感名词:to ones delight/ surprise/horror/sorrow / joy / regret = to the delight/ surprise/ horror/ sorrow/joy/ regret of sb./ to ones astonishment/ pleasure/ to ones taste/ to a certain degree(extent) : 到某种程度to ones
9、measuer: 按照某人的尺寸to the day: 直到今天; to the point:切题 4. “动词+介词”搭配:注意: 特定搭配与同一介词与多个动词搭配意义不同的情况。 rob sb. of sth. / clear the road of snow (“夺去、除去”意义的动词与of 连用) supply us with food / fill the glass with wine (“供给”意义的动词与with连用) make a desk of wood / make bread from flour / make the material into a coat (“制作
10、、制造”意义与of、from、into连用) 介词 + the + 部位与动词的关系 (=动词 + sb.s + 部位,可换用) strike him on the head(“击,拍,碰,摸”意义与on连用)catch him by the arm (“抓,拉,拿,扯”意义与by连用)hit the boy in the face (“肚,胸,眼,脸”等人体前部与in连用) prevent(stop, keep)sb. from doing sth.(“阻止,禁止”意义与from连用) persuade(advise, warn)sb. into doing sth.(“说服,建议”意义与i
11、nto连用) buy sb. for sth.(leave、get、win、gain、lose等“得失”意义与for连用) tell sth.to sb.(show、teach、sing、write、read等“告知”意义与to连用) give sth. to sb.(give、allow、promise、pass、hand等“授予”意义与to连用)注意:可换成buy sb.sth.双宾结构。 say to sb.(suggest、explain、apologize、murmur、whisper与“对象”连用必须用to)不可说suggest sb.sth.。注意:同一动词与不同介词搭配意义不同
12、。look for(寻找)agree to sth. hear of(听说)call on(拜访)look to (眺望)agree with sb.call for(需要)look at(看)agree on sth. hear from(收到信)call in(请)同一介词与不同动词搭配,意义各异:reply to the letter回信,sing(dance)to the music和唱(跳),amount to 达到,加起来有,5.常见“形容词 + 介词”搭配。 eg. afraid of担心 afraid for 替而担心 anxious for sth.渴望6. “名词 + 介词
13、”要注意习惯搭配和意义区分: the absence of water缺水 the hope of success成功的希望have a chance of (for) entering college上大学的机会take pride in them为他们感到骄傲the key to the question问题的答案a medicine for cough治咳嗽的药the ticket for tomorrow明天的票his absence in Beijing去了北京 his absence from Beijing不在北京 the way to study学习方法 the way of
14、studying maths学习教学的方法。某些名词与介词构成的固定搭配:要求接to的名词有:key、answer、visit、entrance、apology、introduction、road等。要求接in 的名词有:interest、satisfaction、expert等。15.省略介词情况:1.表示“一段时间”的短语中;如:I waited (for) an hour.我等了一个小时。2.在(at) what time词组里,at一般要省略,特别在口语中。如What time does the play start?戏什么时候开演?3.在(in) the same way, (in)
15、 this way, (in)another way等词组里,in常省略,特别是口语中。4.介词for表示时间的省略要求。(A)以all开头的名词短语,for要省略。如:I stayed with her all he morning.(B)表示一段时间的短语之前,for可以省或不省。如:I have been waiting hereI (for) more than three hours.(C)否定句中,表示时间的短语前的for不能省略。如:I havent seen you for thirty years.(D)时间状语在主句之前,for不能省略。如:For the whole mo
16、rning,the old man kept reading.5.在all of,both of和half of等短语中,如果of后面还有另外的限定词,of常省略。如all (of) my friends.6.在以this,that,next,last,yesterday,tomorrow,one,every,each,some,any和all等开始的表示时间的词组前,一般不用介词。如:next day / last Sunday / that morning / these years; some day /one day / yesterday / afternoon; the night
17、 before / last weekend / that day。7.某些动词短语之后的介词可以省略。eg.Nothing can prevent me(from)doing the job. She spent nearly two hours(in)translating it.16.吊尾介词:往往由于受到汉语的影响而缺少,吊尾介词使用的场合有:(1)定语从句中,先行词被一个不及物动词所修饰,不及物动词后要接介词,先行词被“动词 + 介词”组成的短语动词所修饰,介词常在句尾。eg. He is the man I just spoke to.(2)what、whose、who、whate
18、ver等引导的宾语从句,宾语从句出现吊尾介词。eg. I cant imagine what it is like.(3) 强调句型,特殊疑问句中由于被强调部分和疑问词位置变更,常出现吊尾介词。eg.It was the poor boy that we gave the books to. What for? / Where to? / Who with?(4)不及物动词的不定式修饰表“涉及对象、场合、工具、方式、材料”等意义的名词时常带吊尾介词。eg.a room to live in / a bench to sit on There is nothing to worry about.
19、 She is a good girl to work with.(5)某些形容词后接不定式或“动词 + 介词”型短语,动词的不定式形式表“反射”,常用吊尾介词。fit、easy、hard、comfortable、difficult、heavy等形容词后。The river is good to swim in. / The box is too heavy to carry.be worth doing sth. / be worthy of being done / to be done, want/require / need doing17.介词宾语的两个易错点:介词的宾语主要是名词和
20、代词,但要注意以下几点:1. 动词作宾语:动词作介词的宾语原则上要用动名词。但是,表示“除外”的介词 except, but 后通常接不定式作宾语,且这个不定式有时带to(若其前没有动词do),有时不带 to(若其前有动词do)。 eg. I had no choice but to wait. 除了等,我没有别的选择。2. 从句作宾语:能用作介词宾语的从句是以指疑问句开头的句子。 eg. We talked about how we could cooperate. 我们谈到该怎样合作。注意: that从句通常不能用作介词宾语,遇此情况应在介词后加上 the fact。eg.They wer
21、e worried over the fact that you were sick. 他们为你生病发愁。(其中的 the fact 不可省略)但是: 表示“除外”的介词 except, but 后可直接跟 that 从句。eg. This suit fits me well except that the trousers are too long. 这套衣服我穿很合适,只是裤子太长。18.介词-短语动词中的关键角色A.一般介词可放在whom/which的前面或其所在的从句的句尾,关系代词为that时,只可放在其所在的从句的句尾。eg.Is this the car for which yo
22、u paid a high price? Is this the car that you paid a high price for?B.介词during, except以及表示(从整体中)“分割”(出部分)的介词of等介词要放在关系代词的前面:eg.The years during which he was away He wrote many books, some of whichC.其介词与动词不可分割的短语动词中的介词必须放在其动词之后,不可放在关系代词之前:eg.This is the book which he has been looking for.19.兼作连词和副词的介
23、词:after、since、till / still、before这些词既是介词,又是连词。 in、on、along、down、up、after、before、along、beyond等介词可兼作副词。有的介词可以兼作连词和副词。eg.All the students got to school before me.(before为介词) We do want to buy something now before prices go up.(连词) Havent I seen you before?(before为副词) We havent seen each other since las
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