中考英语总复习--动词的语态专题训练.docx

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1、中考英语总复习-动词语态一、 分类：主动语态和被动语态二、概念：主动语态相当于汉语语法中的“把字”句。被动语态相当于汉语中的“被字”句。主动语态：我吃了两个苹果。 被动语态：这两个苹果被我吃了。从可以看出主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。谓语：“吃”的动作是由主语“我”来执行的。从可以看出被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。主语“两个苹果”是动词“吃”的承受者。三、被动语态1.基本结构：be done2.被动语态的判定： (1)观察是否有被动语态标志词by； (2)看动词与主语的关系，主语是动作的承受者时，需要使用被动语态； (3)如果物作主语，有可能需要使用被动语态。 3.时态变

2、化一般现在时的被动语态句型结构肯定句：主语be(am/is/are)及物动词的过去分词其他(by.)否定句：主语be(am/is/are)not及物动词的过去分词其他(by.)一般疑问句：Be(Am/Is/Are)主语及物动词的过去分词其他(by.)？特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词一般疑问句？eg：The desk is made by him.这张桌子是他做的。eg：The desk isnt made by him.这张桌子不是他做的。eg：Is the desk made by him？这张桌子是他做的吗？eg：Where is the desk made by him？这张桌子是他在哪儿做的？

3、eg：We speak English.我们讲英语。(主动语态)一般过去时的被动语态句型结构：肯定句：主语was/werevt.(过去分词)其他(by.)否定句：主语was/werenotvt.(过去分词)其他(by.)一般疑问句：Was/Were主语vt.(过去分词)其他(by.)？肯定回答：Yes，主语was/were. 否定回答：No，主语was/werenot.eg：Was he chosen to work for the village？他被选上为这个村庄工作了吗？Yes，he was./No，he wasnt.是的，他被选上了。/不，他没被选上。特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词一般疑问句？

4、eg：Who is looked after by the old teacher？谁在被那个老教师照料？含情态动词的被动语态句子结构肯定句：主语情态动词be动词的过去分词(by.)否定句：主语情态动词notbe动词的过去分词(by.)一般疑问句：情态动词主语be动词的过去分词(by.)?肯定回答：“Yes，主语情态动词”； 否定回答：“No，主语情态动词not”。四、特殊情况 (1)look, feel, smell, sound等感官动词用主动形式表示被动含义。 eg:The Toms music sounds more like rock.八(下) Unit 8(2)有些固定搭配用主动形

5、式表被动含义。require/need doing sth.(需要做某事), be worth doing sth.(值得做某事)。eg:Your bedroom is in a mess. It needs cleaning right now. (3)表示“发生”的happen或take place，无被动结构。 eg:The story happened on a cold night. ()eg:The story was happened on a cold night.()(4) by+人，在句子中做状语，在强调动作的执行者时，这个成分必须有；不强调动作的执行者时，这个成分可以省略

6、。(5) 及物动词有被动语态，不及物动词必须带有介词才可以有被动语态。五、主动语态和被动语态的转换。 (1)主动语态变被动语态的方法 (2)变被动语态后动词形式的选择 主动句中，在感官动词see, hear, watch, feel, notice等及使役动词let, make等后跟省略to的不定式，变为被动句时，应加上不定式符号to。 eg:She made her elder sister open the door.Her elder sister was made to open the door by her.【巩固练习】一、用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。1. Usually co

7、mputers _(use) to get information on the Internet. 2. I _(ask) to clean my bedroom every day by my mother. 3. Trees _ (plant) in spring. 4. -How clean and tidy your bedroom is! -Thank you. It _(clean) every day. 5. The brown desk _(make) of wood. 6. Nobody likes to _(laugh) at, so youd better be kin

8、d to others. 7. Many trees (plant) in my hometown every year.8. Please say “Im here” when your name (call)9.Ten nurses _(need) in our hospital.10.The Olympic Games (hold) every four years.11.Rice (not grow) in winter in the north.12.Some newspapers _ (publish) once a week.13.English is very popular.

9、 It _ widely _ (use) in many fields.二、 单项选择。( )1. Does she like singing English songs？ Yes,she to sing English songs in her room. A. often does B. is often heard C. often hears D. is hear( )2. The child without parents good care of by his teachers in this special school.A. is taken B. are taken C. t

10、ake D. takes( )4. Each year quite a lot of food around the word.Its really time for us to do something. A. was wasted B. is wasted C. wasted D. will be wasted.( )5. A lot of trees around here every year, and we can enjoy fresher air now. A. were planted B. are planted C. will planted D. are planting

11、三、按要求改句子。.1. You brought your English book to school yesterday. (改为被动语态) _ 2. Your bag was put here. (改为否定句) _ 3. Peter was allowed to take the test. (改为一般疑问句) _ 4We bought a piano last term.(改为被动语态) _5Penicillin was discovered by Alexander Fleming.(改为一般疑问句) _ 6The books were written by Mr. Li many

12、years ago.(改为否定句)_ 7Their homework was handed in yesterday(对画线部分提问) _ 8He lent me a bike.(改为被动语态)_9. You should sweep the floor first. (改为被动语态)_10. He shouldnt allow his son to swim in the river.(改为被动语态)_11. We should plant more trees this year.(改为被动语态)_12. She might bring some food here.(改为被动语态)_13

13、.We should brush our teeth twice a day.(改为被动语态)_14.We must wash our hands before meals.(改为被动语态)_15.Lucy does the homework in the evening.(改为被动语态)_16.They often use computers in class.(改为被动语态)_17.We make these machines in Chengdu.(改为被动语态)_18.People speak English as the first language in UK.(改为被动语态)_19.They play football on Sunday.(改为被动语态)_学科网（北京）股份有限公司