中考英语复习冠词 学案.docx

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1、英语中考复习真题：英语冠词基础知识和练习 冠词是一种虚词，放在名词的前面，对名词进行限定。冠词与名词的关系密不可分，就好像“鱼儿离不开水”一样。冠词分为不定冠词、定冠词两种，它们在英语中使用率极高，也是历年来中考的考查重点。冠词分为不定冠词a / an和定冠词the，在具体使用时可分为用不定冠词、定冠词和不用冠词三种情况。它的基本用法我们可以用以下口诀来记忆：泛指用a/ an，单数可数；特指用the，不特不the。泛指用a / an，单数可数泛指的可数名词单数前要用a / an。如：I want an apple.不定冠词的用法1、表示某一类人或某事物中的任何一个, 通常在第一次提到某人或某物

2、时用a / an，以表示与其他事物的区别。I am reading an interesting story. 我在读一本有趣的故事书。I have got a ticket. 我有一张票。2、用其中的任何一个，代表他们所属种类的特性。A horse is useful to mankind. 马对人类有用。A bird can fly. 鸟会飞。3、用在事物的度量单位前, 如时间、 速度、 价格等, 表示 每一个。We often go to school two times a day. 我们常常一天两次去学校。The potato is sold at about 30 fen a ji

3、n. 土豆卖三毛钱一斤。4、用来泛指某人、某物或地方。A boy came to see you a moment ago. 刚才有一个小孩来找你。She is ill,she has to see a doctor. 她病了，她得去看病。5、用于某些特定的词组。例如：a few 几个， a little 有点，等等。There is a little milk in the bottle. 瓶子里有点牛奶。Only a few students are in the classroom. 只有几个学生在教室里。 定冠词的用法特指用the如果是特指，那么无论是可数名词单数、复数或不可数名词前均

4、要用the。如：The pencil is mine. / I dont like the pencils on the desk.1、定冠词特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。The bag in the desk is mine. 桌子里的书包是我的。Is this the book you are looking for? 这是你要找的书吗?2、如果第一次提到某人或事物的时候，用a / an，那么以后再提到的话，就变成特指的人或事物了。I bought a book from Xinhua book-shop. The book costs 15 yuan. 我从新华书店买了一本书. 这本书值

5、十五元。3、定冠词用于表示世界上独一无二的事物或用于自然界现象或方位名词之前。这些事物当然是特指的事物，不可能有两个以上。the sunthe moonthe earththe skythe worldthe winter nightThe sun is bigger than the moon. 太阳比月亮大。I can see a bird in the sky. 我能看到天空中有一只小鸟。4、定冠词与单数名词连用, 也可以表示这一类人或事物。The dog is not too danger. 狗不太危险。The umbrella in the shop is very cheap in

6、 this season. 这个季节商店里的雨伞很便宜。5、定冠词与形容词连用, 可表示某一类人或事物。这可看作是省略了名词的用法。The wounded were brought to the hospital. 受伤者被送到了医院。He always helps the poor. 他经常帮助穷人。注意：the 用在姓名复数之前, 表示一家人。 The Greens is very kind to us. 格林一家人待我们很好。 The Whites like the classic music. 怀特一家喜欢古典音乐。6、其它需要用the 的情况(1) 用在序数词, 形容词最高级和表示方

7、位的名词前。This is the biggest city in China I have ever visited. 这是我在中国参观的最大的城市。I saw a plane coming from the east. 我看见一架飞机从东方飞来。He is the last one to help me. 他不会来帮助我的。(2) 用在演奏乐器的名称和文艺活动、运动场所的名称前。The little girl likes to play the violin. 小女孩喜欢拉小提琴。They are going to the cinema tonight. 他们今晚要去影院看电影。The t

8、heater was on fire last week. 剧院昨天着火了。(3) 用在报刊, 杂志的名称的名词之前。I am reading the China Daily now. 我现在正读中国日报。Have you got the Evening Paper yet? 你拿到晚报了吗?The Times is a foreign newspaper. 泰晤士报是一家外国报纸。The Peking Review is on the desk. 北京周报在桌子上放着。(4) 用在部分江河、 海洋、 山脉、群岛的名称之前。 注意：并不是所有的地理名称前都要用。We live near the

9、 Yellow River. 我们住在黄河边上。The Changjiang River is the biggest one in China. 长江是中国最大的河。The Himalayas is located in Tibet. 喜马拉雅山位于西藏。零冠词的用法：（Zero Article）不特不the不特指则不用the，包括泛指的可数名词单数前用a / an，泛指的可数名词复数前不用冠词，泛指的不可数名词前也不用冠词三种情况。如：I like monkeys. / I dont like bread.1. “人名、地名、国名”等专有名词前通常不用冠词： 1). Mary; Tom;

10、Jim; Miss Li; Mr. Zhang; Lei Feng 2). Beijing; Shanghai; London; Paris 3). England; China; Germany; South Africa但如后有定语修饰表特指，需加定冠词：1). He is not longer the Brown we knew ten years ago. 他不是我们十年前认识的那个布朗。2). The Beijing of today is different from what it was. 今天的北京不同与从前的北京了。2. “街名、广场名、公园名、大学名”等专有名词前通常不用

11、冠词： 1). Wang Fu Jing Street 王府井大街; Naking Road 南京路 2). Tian An Men Square 天安门广场 3). Pei Hai Park 北海公园; Hyde Park海德公园 4). Beijing University 北京大学; Zhejiang University 浙江大学 但也可说：the University of Beijing; the University of Zhejiang3. 正职或表示独一无二的官衔，职位，称号”的专有名词作表语、补语、介词的宾语或同位语时，前一般不加冠词：The guards took th

12、e American to General Lee. 士兵们把这个美国人送到李将军那里。Lincoln, president of the United States, was murdered in 1864.In 1860, Lincoln became President of the United States.We made him head of our class.但这个名词后有短语“of”时，有时也可加“the”：He is (the) captain of the basketball team. 他是篮球队的队长。He is chairman of the Students

13、 Union. 他是学生会主席。They elected him president of the U.S. 他们选他当美国总统。如不是独一的要加不定冠词：She is a teacher of English in our school. 她是我校的一位英语教师。4. “个体名词复数”表泛指一类人或事物时不用冠词： 1). My mother and father are school teachers. 我母亲和父亲都是教师。 2). Horses are useful animals. 马是有用的动物。5. “抽象名词、物质名词”表示一般概念时，通常不加冠词： 1). Failure i

14、s the mother of success.失败乃成功之母。 2). Man cannot live without water.人离开水就无法生存。 3). He is fond of music. 他喜欢音乐。 但如后有定语修饰表特指，需加定冠词： 1). The news that you heard is true. 你听到的消息是真的。 2). The water in this well is fit to drink. 这口井里的水能喝。 3). The music of the film is very beautiful. 这部影片的音乐很动听。6. “节日、季节”等名词

15、前不用冠词： 1). New Years Day 新年，元旦;Womens Day 妇女节; Labour Day 劳动节; Childrens Day 儿童节; April FoolsDay 愚人节; National Day 国庆节;Thanksgiving Day falls on the 4th Thursday in November.感恩节在每年十一月的第四个星期四。 Christmas Day 圣诞节; 但我国的节日前用定冠词： the Spring Festival 春节; the Mid-Autumn Festival 中秋节 2). in spring (summer, a

16、utumn, winter) Winter has come, is spring still far away? 冬天来了，春天还会远吗？ 但如后有定语修饰表特指，需加定冠词： in the spring of 1945 一九四五年的春季7. “年份、月份、星期、日期”等名词前不用冠词： in 1988; in August; on Thursday; on August 8thWe go to school from Monday to Friday. 我们从星期一到星期五都上课。8. “一日三餐”等名词前不用冠词： have breakfast (lunch, supper) I hav

17、e breakfast at 7 every day.但如前面有形容词修饰，需用不定冠词；后面有定语修饰，需用定冠词： He had a big breakfast today. 他今天吃了顿丰盛的早餐。 The breakfast he had today was good. 他今天吃的早餐不错。9. 球类运动和娱乐运动的名称前，不用冠词： 1). play football (basketball; volleyball; tennis; tennis ball) 2). play chess10. 当“bike, car, bus, train, boat, ship, plane”等与

18、“by”连用，表示一种交通手段时，不用冠词： by bus，by train； He goes to work by bike. 他骑车去上班。 Did you come back by plane or by train? 你坐飞机还是坐火车回来的？“by water, by land, by sea, by air”以及“on foot, on horseback”也属同种情况： She said they would go there by air. 她说他们将坐飞机去那儿。 Two men on horseback nothing else. 有两个人在马背上，别的一无所有。但当这些名

19、词特指某一交通工具时，则要与冠词连用： The assistant went on a bike. 助手骑一辆自行车出去了。 After the school the girl returned home on the 9:30 train. 放学后，这女孩坐9：30的火车回家去。11. 序数词作副词时，前不用冠词：He came first in the race.Work must come first.12. 一些固定词组中：go to bed, go to school, by bus, at night四、在有些词组中，有冠词和无冠词意思不同，请注意区别：1. in front of

20、 在前面, in the front of 在范围内的前部2. 有些个体名词“school，college，prison，market，hospital，bed，table，class，town，church，court”等词表“深层含义”不用冠词： go to hospital去医院看病 go to the hospital 去医院 (并不是去看病，而是有其他目的) in hospital (生病)住院, in the hospital 在医院里3. 当两个或两个以上名词并用时，常省去冠词： I cant write without pen or pencil. 没有钢笔和铅笔，我就写不了字

21、。 He looked at me from head to foot, as if he didnt know me at all. 他从头到脚打量我，好像根本不认识我似的。4. 两个形容词都有冠词，表示两个不同东西。 He raises a black and a white cat. 他养了一只黑猫和一只白猫。 The black and the white cats are hers. 这只黑猫和白猫都是他的。 如后一个形容词无冠词，则指一物。 He raises a black and white cat. 他养了一只花猫。一、不定冠词的基本用法1. 第一次提到的人或事物： I bo

22、ught _（一辆自行车）yesterday. There is _（一块橡皮）on the desk.2. 表示有某人或某物，但不具体说明是何人或何物： _（一个学生）is looking for you.3. 表示一类人或事物中的任何一个： _（火车）is faster than _（汽车）. _（大象）is stronger than _（马）.4. 虽然有“一”的含义，但不强调数量： I have _（一个姐姐）. Her name is Lily.5. 用于表示时间、长度、价格等的单位名词前，表“每一”，相当于every： You should take this medicine

23、_（一天三次）. The apples are three yuan _（每公斤）.6. 习惯用法：a few_, a little_, a lot of_, a number of_,have a rest_, take / have a look_, make a face_, in a hurry_, for a while_ 记忆口诀不定冠词a或an，表“一”但不强调“一”；人或事物首次提，单位名词前“每一”；表示有人、有某物，何人何物不具体；强调类别任一个，习惯用法记心里。二、a和an用法巧记1. a用于辅音音素开头的单数可数名词前，an用于元音音素开头的单数可数名词前。注意：要看读

24、音是元音开头还是辅音开头，而不是根据字母。如_（一个小时），_（一把雨伞）等。如果名词前有修饰语，那么用a还是an取决于该修饰语的第一个音素是辅音还是元音。如：_（一本有用的书），_（一个诚实的男孩），_（一个不高兴的女孩），_（一个不寻常的故事）等。2. a, e, i, o, 这四个元音字母，以及f, h, l, m, n, r, s, x这八个辅音字母单独使用时，因其发音均以元音开头，所以要用an。我们可以用一句话来概括前面用an的所有字母，Mr. Li has one fox.（李先生有一只狐狸。）举例如下： This time I got _（一个A）in my homework.

25、There is _（一个n）in the word “lend”. I bought _（a / an）MP5 yesterday.3. 用8, 11, 18, 80, 800等阿拉伯数字组成的短语前要用an，其他用a。如： That is an eight-meter-wide bridge. He is only an 11-year-old boy. I had a talk with an 80-year-old man on the street yesterday.三、定冠词的基本用法1. 用在“特指”谈话双方都知道的某个人或某些人或物前。如： Where is _？老师在哪里？

26、2. 用在上文已提到的人或事物前。如： I can see a cat. _ is Lucys. 我能看见一只猫，那只猫是露茜的。3. 用在世界上独一无二的事物前。如：_ goes around _. 地球围绕着太阳转。4. 用在序数词或形容词最高级前。如： He is always _ to get to school. 他总是第一个到校。 Mike is _ of the three boys. 迈克是三个男孩中最高的一个。5. 用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。如： the Great Wall（长城） the Peoples Park（人民公园 ）6. 用在一些习惯用语中或乐器名词前。如

27、： in the day（在白天） play the piano（弹钢琴）记忆口诀特指双熟悉，上文已提及，世上独一无二，序数最高级，某些专有名，习语及乐器。四、零冠词的用法 1. 名词前已有作定语用的this, that, these, those, my, your, his, her, our, their, some等限定词时，不用冠词。如：this eraser, her pencil-box, some boxes, those women等。 2. 泛指的不可数名词前一般不用冠词。如：meat, rice, water, bread, tea, milk, juice等。 3. 复

28、数名词表示泛指时，不用冠词。如：The people in the room are doctors. 房间里的那些人是医生。 4. 在表示学科的名词前一般不用冠词。如：Chinese, English, maths, physics, history等。5. 在三餐饭和球类运动名词前一般不加冠词。如：have breakfast/ lunch/ supper, play basketball / football等。 6. 在季节、节日、星期、月份前不用冠词。如：autumn, summer, winter, spring, Teachers Day, Childrens Day, Sund

29、ay, February等。 7. 在表颜色、语种和国家名词前不用冠词。如：white, brown, French, Australia等。 8. 在表示称呼语的名词之前，以及职务、头衔的名词前不用冠词。如： Doctor Green is a scientist. 格林博士是位科学家。记忆口诀代词限定名词前，专有名词不可数，复数名词表泛指，学科球类三餐饭，季节星期月份前，颜色语种和国名，称呼习语及头衔。五、有无定冠词意思迥异 英语中有些名词，如bed, class, hospital, school, church等，当不强调这次词所表示的场所，只强调它们的专门作用时，前面不带定冠词；否则

30、要加定冠词。如：1. at table在进餐 at the table在桌旁2. at desk做读书或做作业 at the desk在书桌旁3. at school在上学，在求学（是学生） at the school在学校里（不一定是学生）4. at sea在海上航行 at the sea在海边5. in class在上课 in the class在班里6. in prison坐牢 in the prison在监狱7. in bed卧床，睡觉 in the bed在床上8. in front of在的前面 in the front of在的前部9. go to bed去睡觉 go to th

31、e bed到床边或床前10. go to hospital入院治疗 go to the hospital去医院（不一定是病人）11. go to church去教堂做礼拜、做祷告 go to the church去教堂（为了别的目的）12. go to school去上学（不强调场所） go to the school到学校去（开家长会等）冠词练习一、在下列句中空白处填入适当冠词，不需用冠词处划 / 。1There is _ picture of _ elephant on _ wall2This is _ useful bookIve read it for _ hour3_ elephan

32、t is much heavier than _ horse4_ doctor told him to take _ medicine three times _ day5Lets go out for _ walk6Its too hotOpen _ door, please7There is _ woman over there_ woman is Meimeis mother8_ sun rises in _ east9_ Changjiang River is _ longest river in _ China10This is _ second time I have been h

33、ere.11Washington is _ capital of _ USA12_ Turners are living at the end of _ Turner Street13He joined the army in _ spring of _ 199514_ old man is _ teacherHe likes playing _ basketball after _ supper15After I had _ quick breakfast，I hurried to school二、选择填空。（ ）1Does Jim have _ ruler？ Yes，he has _Aan

34、；some Ba；one Ca； Dany；one（ ）2There is _ old bike _ old bike is Mr. Zhaos Aan ；The Bthe；An Ca；The Dthe；The（ ）3_ apple a day keeps the doctors aw ay AThe BA CAn DTwo（ ）4How many books do you have？ I have _ bookThats _ English book Aa；an Ba；one Cone；an Done；one（ ）5At that time Tom was _ one-year-old ba

35、by Aa Ban Cthe D（ ）6_ tiger is from _ China AThe；a BA；the CThe；/ DThe；the（ ）7We cant see _ sun at _ night Athe；the Bthe； Ca； D；（ ）8_ useful book it is！ AWhat an BHow a CWhat a DWhat（ ）9One afternoon he found _ handbagThere was _ “s” on the corner of _ handbag Aa；an；the Ba；a；the Can；an；an Dthe；a；a（ ）

36、10_ old lady with white hair spoke _ English well at _ meetingAAn；an；a BThe；an CThe；a DThe；the（ ）11_ Great Wall is _ longest wall in the world AA；a BThe；the CA；the DThe；a（ ）12Does Tom often play _ football after _ school？ A； B；the Cthe； Da；（ ）13The museum is quite farIt will take you half _ hour to

37、get there by _ bus Aan； Ban；a Ca； D；（ ）14Beijing is _ beautiful cityIts _ capital of China Aa；a Bthe；the C；the Da；the（ ）15She has _ orange skirt _ skirt is nice Aa；The Ban；The Can；A Dthe；The（ ）26. Cindy is _ amazing singer. She has lots of fans.（2010 河北省）A. aB. an C. the D.不填全国各地市中考英语试卷分类解析单项选择冠词 Ha

38、ve you watched the movie Iron Man 3?中国教%育&出版网* Of course, fantastic movie！ A. a B. an C. the D. 不填 Its just a short distance from here to _restaurant.A. a B. an C. the D.不填 Is _ dictionary on the desk yours? No, I dont have _ English-Chinese dictionary. A. the; an B. an; the C. an; an D. the; the .

39、Lianyuangang is _ attractive city. Its such _ nice place that many tourists come here every summer. A. B. C. D. ()1. His you heard of Hou Yifan, _ female world chess champion(冠军)? Yes, she is from _ Taizhou. Were proud of her.A. B. C. D. 来&#源:*中教网Lets play _ soccer. I dont have _ soccer ball. A. 不填；

40、aB. the; a C. a; theD. 不填；the 来源*:中国教育出版&网 Do you know_ girl in green? She is our monitor. A. a B. an C. the D.不填 Whos that young man on the poster?Justin Bieber, _excellent singer.A. a B. an C. the D. /How do you like _color of my dress? Wonderful! I like it very much A. a B. an C. the D/Look! Whos

41、 boy over there?来源:zzst%ep.c*&#om Oh, he is my cousin Bob. He is honest boy.A. a, the B. the, an. C.the, a John, may I use your car? I want to go to the library. Sure. Here is _ key. A. a B. an C. theD. / There is egg in the bowl.A. a B. （不填） C. an D. theA good beginning makes good ending.A. aB. anC. t