高考英语复习非谓语动词课件.pptx

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1、Non-finite VerbsNon-finite Verbsthe Infinitives (不定式不定式)the Gerunds (动名词动名词)the Participles(分词分词)The Infinitivesthe Infinitives the Infinitives 1.动词不定式的功能动词不定式的功能2.不带不带to的动词不定式的动词不定式3.动词不定式的时态和语态动词不定式的时态和语态4.疑问代词疑问代词/副词副词+不定式结构不定式结构动词不定式的功能动词不定式的功能1.动词不定式的功能动词不定式的功能 1)作主语作主语 2)作表语作表语 3)作宾语作宾语 4)作宾语补

2、足语作宾语补足语 5)作定语作定语 6)作状语作状语predicativesubjectobjectobject complementattributiveadverbial动词不定式作主语动词不定式作主语 不定式做主语的时候不定式做主语的时候,常常用常常用it代替它作代替它作形式主语形式主语,不定式不定式放在放在谓语之后。谓语之后。e.g.It would be wrong for her to marry for money.动词不定式作表语动词不定式作表语1)be to do a.表示表示客观安排客观安排或或受人指示受人指示而做某事而做某事 e.g.She is to start the

3、 performance next month.b.表示表示可能性可能性,必要、责任、义务、禁止必要、责任、义务、禁止等。等。e.g.Nobody is to know the decision made in the meeting today.be to do vs.be going to?动词不定式作表语动词不定式作表语be to do:表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事 e.g.I am to play football tomorrow afternoon.明天下午我去踢球。(客观安排)be going to:表示主观的打算或计划 e.g.I am going to play footb

4、all tomorrow afternoon.明天下午我想去踢球。(主观安排)动词不定式作表语动词不定式作表语2)用于被动语态用于被动语态 to be done,相当于相当于can(could),should,ought to,must具有情态意义具有情态意义。e.g.This kind of skirt is nowhere to be found this year.=This kind of skirt can not be found this year.动词不定式作宾语动词不定式作宾语1)P5 3.1)v.+to do2)feel,find,judge,make,think,beli

5、eve,consider,regard等动词后等动词后 v.+it+adj./n./prep.phrase+to do sth.e.g.I believe it best to leave the whole matter to his discretion.3)about/but/except/save/than+to do e.g.They were about to leave when the phone rang.(be about to表示即将发生的动作,在时间上指最近的将来。)动词不定式作宾语动词不定式作宾语3)about/but/except/instead of/save/t

6、han+to do e.g.I have no choice but to give up.我别无选择,只能放弃。He wanted nothing but to stay there.他只想待在那儿，别的什么都不想。Note:如果句中的except或but之前有实义动词do或help的限定形式或非限定形式，其宾语为不带to的不定式 e.g.The old mans son did nothing but play games.动词不定式作宾语补足语动词不定式作宾语补足语 v.+sb.+to do sth.(动词详见动词详见P6)e.g.You can count on him to help

7、.你可以指望他帮忙。Note:hope,suggest,demand后后只接从句只接从句,不接不接sb.to do形式。形式。e.g.I suggest him not to visit the museum during the weekend.I suggest that he(should)not visit the museum during the weekend.动词不定式作定语动词不定式作定语1)不定式动词为不及物动词不定式动词为不及物动词,其后须有相应介词其后须有相应介词 e.g.She has a child to take care of.2)不定式修饰不定式修饰there

8、 be结构的主语。结构的主语。P63)有时表示同位关系。有时表示同位关系。P6 4)修饰作主语的名词修饰作主语的名词,表示动作表示动作即将发生即将发生。P65)the first/the second/the last/the best/the only one+to do e.g.He is always the first to come and the last to leave.动词不定式作状语动词不定式作状语Which of the following italicized parts does NOT express RESULT?A.He raced through the li

9、ving room,only to find the front door closed.B.She wouldnt be so careless as to forget her luggage.C.He hesitated so as to choose the right word.D.His indifference is such as to make one despair.动词不定式作状语动词不定式作状语1)表表目的目的,in order to,so as to(只用于只用于句中句中或或句尾句尾)Note:so as to vs.so.as to vs.such as to so

10、 as to=in order to e.g.We got up early this morning so as not to miss the first train to London.=We got up early this morning in order not to miss the first train to London.表目的动词不定式作状语动词不定式作状语so+adj./adv.+as to=such as to e.g.He spoke so eloquently as to move all of the audience to tears.=He spoke s

11、uch as to move all of the audience to tears.如此如此.以至于以至于.表结果The Gerundsthe Gerunds the Gerunds 1.动名词的功能动名词的功能2.动名词的时态和语态动名词的时态和语态3.动名词的复合结构动名词的复合结构4.动名词和不定式做宾语的区别动名词和不定式做宾语的区别动名词的功能动名词的功能1.动名词的功能动名词的功能 1)作主语作主语 2)作表语作表语 3)作动词宾语作动词宾语 4)作介词宾语作介词宾语 5)作定语作定语动名词作主语动名词作主语1)It is+adj./n.+doing sth.(adj./n.详

12、见详见 P15)e.g.It is no use crying over spilt milk.2)There is no doing sth.=It is impossible to do.e.g.There is no trusting such a man.Note:to do vs.doingTo finish the project in one month is impossible.Being poor is no disgrace.to do:主语表示的是主语表示的是某个具体情况时某个具体情况时doing:多表示多表示抽象的抽象的,普遍的概念普遍的概念 P16动名词动名词2.作

13、表语作表语 P16 e.g.Her aim is everybody finding the right partner.3.做动词宾语做动词宾语 1)v.+doing sth.P16 e.g.The senator denied ever making such a statement.2)allow/advise/permit/recommend+doing allow/advise/permit/recommend+sb.to do动名词作介词宾语动名词作介词宾语4.作介词宾语作介词宾语 1)prep.+doing sth.e.g.His sister took to knitting

14、in her spare time.2)for there to be e.g.For there to be so many people at the square was unusual.of there being e.g.Whats the chance of there being a general election this year?5.作定语作定语 P17 e.g.Who do you think will win the singing competition?like,esp.after knowing sth.for only a short time 动名词的时态和

15、语态动名词的时态和语态1.动名词的时态动名词的时态 P17 1)一般时一般时 doing 2)完成时完成时 having done2.动名词的被动语态动名词的被动语态 P17 e.g.I heard of his having been chosen to be the new director of the company.Note:need/want(需要需要)/deserve/repay/require/be worth+doing sth.主动表被动主动表被动 e.g.This room wants cleaning up.动名词的复合结构动名词的复合结构3.动名词的复合结构动名词的复

16、合结构 句子不能体现动名词动作的执行者，需加逻辑主语：n./pron.的所有格或通格(即主格和宾格)+doing.注：当逻辑主语是单个有生命的单词，用所有格 e.g.Marys refusing to come is out of our expectation.His son winning the first prize surprised him.逻辑主语为his son，两个单词，用通格动名词的复合结构动名词的复合结构4.动名词和不定式做宾语的区别动名词和不定式做宾语的区别 1.一些动词后面接doing和to do意义几乎没区别 P18 2.一些动词后面接doing和to do意义完全不同 e.g.He deserves shooting first.(P18页提到deserve doing表示被动)He deserves to shoot first.