新时代大学英语综合教程3第二单元课件含答案.pptx

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1、新时代大学进阶英语综合教程新时代大学进阶英语综合教程32JobsAndChallenges2CONTENTSCONTENTSPartII.VideoPartII.VideoPartIII.Writing1PartIII.Writing1PartIV.Reading2PartIV.Reading2PartV.PartV.Discussion,Discussion,PresentationorDebatePresentationorDebatePartI.Reading1PartI.Reading1Lead-inLead-in2Lead-in:Differencebetweenworkandpla

2、yMarkTwain WorkWork consistsconsistsofofwhateverwhatevera abodybodyisisOBLIGEDOBLIGEDtotodo,do,andandthatthatPlayPlayconsistsofwhateverabodyisnotobligedtodoconsistsofwhateverabodyisnotobligedtodo.工作就是一个人有义务必须要做的事情，而玩是一个人工作就是一个人有义务必须要做的事情，而玩是一个人没有义务非做不可的事情。没有义务非做不可的事情。The adventures of Tom Sawyer2Lea

3、d-in:Whydowehavetowork?Weworkbecausewearetoldtowork.Wearetaughttolearninordertowork.2Lead-in:Whydowehavetowork?LivelihoodPeople workto provide themselves and theirfamilieswiththebasicessentialsorlifefood,clothingandshelter.Human relationships Working is ameans of associating with people whohave simi

4、lar interests.Being part of agroupgivespeopleafeelingofbelonging.2Lead-in:Whydowehavetowork?Personal DevelopmentWork allows people toreach their fullest potential by developing new skillsand learning new things.Your work can give yousuccess.SecurityPeoplewantstabilityintheirlivesinordertomakerealist

5、icandeffectiveplansforthefuture.Yourworkcanprovideyouwiththissecurity.2Lead-in:Whydowehavetowork?Happiness Most people who choose their occupationswiselyandthoroughlyenjoytheirwork.Thiscontributestotheiroverallhappiness.ServicePeopleliketofeelthattheworktheydoisimportantandofvaluetoothers.Yourworkca

6、nbeaservicetoothers.2Lead-in:Typesofjobattitudesjob lover:one who throws oneself into work so fully andenergeticallyjobdoer:onewhothinkofjobasameanstoprovideonewiththebasicsjobhater:onewhoconstantlyexpressesthenegativefeelingsaboutonesjobjobwhat:onewhospendsmoretimeonpersonalbusinessthanwork2Lead-in

7、:Whyaresomepeoplenotsatisfiedwiththeirjobs?beingunderpaidnotbeingheardlackofinterestlimitedcareergrowth2Lead-in:TheimportanceofagoodattitudeontheJobIncreased OpportunitiesIncreased ProductivityIncreased SuccessContributor to a Positive EnvironmentJob Security2Lead-in:Howtobepositiveatyourjob?getting

8、toworkontimehandlingaheavyworkloaddealingwithadifficultco-workerorbossfeelingstuckinyourcareergenderoragediscrimination2Lead-in:JobchallengesWhat are commonjobchallenges?ReferenceanswersA job challenge may get worseovertimeandusuallydoesntgoawayonitsown.2Lead-in:OvercomingjobchallengesnAlthough job

9、challenges can be hard to deal with,working through them can help you become a stronger,more confident employee.nThe sooner you begin to make changes in the situation or in how you respond to it,the easier it will be to handle.2Howdoyouovercomethechallenges?Howdoyouovercomethechallenges?You should k

10、eep a positive attitude confidence,persistence andoptimism.Youshouldholdontoyourcareergoalandsticktoyourcareerplan.Youshouldmanagetodoyourjobbetterthanexpected.Youshouldbrainstormpossiblesolutionstoproblemsandtakeaction.Lead-in:OvercomingjobchallengesPartIReading1SectionASectionBSectionC2HowtoAvoida

11、JobT1T1T2T2T3T3T4T4T5T5T6T6T7T7T8T8T9T9T10T10T11T11T12T12T1T1T2T2T3T3Language&Culturalpoints2PartIReading1SectionABeforeYouReadTask1ConnectingwiththetopicFor each of the statements below,indicate whetheryou agree,disagree or are unsure.Be prepared todiscussyouranswerswithapartner.StatementsAgreeDisa

12、greeUnsure1.Peoplenaturallywantthingsthataredifficulttoget.2.Tricking others is alwayswrong.3.If you promise to dosomething for someone,youshoulddoitbyyourself.2PartIReading1SectionABeforeYouReadTask2PairworkCompareyouranswerstoTask1withyourpartners.Doyouboththinkthattrickingothersisalwayswrong?Talk

13、withyourpartner.A:Doyoueverplaytricksonpeople?B:Ihaveplayedtricksonpeopleinthepast.A:Doyouthinkthatplayingtricksonothersiswrong?B:Ithinkthatplayingtricksonotherscanbewrongsometimes,butnotallthetime.A:Iagree.Therearemeantricks,buttherearealsofriendlytricks.B:Right.MyfriendsandIoftenusedtotrickeachoth

14、erwhenwewereyounger.A:Buttricksthathurtothersarewrong.B:Iagree.Makesurethatyourtricksdonothurtotherpeoplesfeelings.Example2PartIReading1SectionABeforeYouReadTask3PreviewingthepassageScanPassageA,andcompletethefollowingquestions.1.Whichtypeofpassageisthis(expository,persuasive,narrative,descriptive)?

15、_2.Whatisthetopicofthereading?_3.Whatdoyoualreadyknowaboutthetopic/author(relatedwiththeunittopic)?_Thisisanarrativepassage.Thetopicofthereadingismakingsomethingdesirablebymakingitdifficulttoattainordo.IknowthatMarkTwainwasanAmericanauthor,andthathischaracterTomSawyerisaclevermischief-makerwhocantri

16、ckpeopleintodoingthingsforhim.2PartIReading1SectionBWhileYouReadHowtoAvoidaJobMarkTwain1Saturdaymorningcame,andallthesummerworldwas bright and fresh and brimming with life.Therewasasongineveryheartandcheerineveryface.Tomappearedonthesidewalkwithabucketofwhitewashandalong-handledbrush.Hesurveyedthefe

17、nce,andallgladnesslefthimandadeepsadnesssettleddownuponhisspirit.Thirtyyardsofboardninefeethigh!Lifetohimseemedhollowandaburden.如何如何让别人帮你工作人帮你工作1星期六的早晨到了，整个夏天的世界是明媚的、清新的，充满生机。每个人的心中都有一首歌，每个人的脸上都洋溢着欢乐。汤姆提着一桶灰浆和一把长柄刷子出现在人行道上。他在查看栅栏，所有的欢乐都离开了他，一种深深的悲伤笼罩着他的心灵。这些木板宽三十码，高九英尺！在他看来，生活似乎变得空洞，而且是一种负担。22Sighin

18、g,hedippedhisbrushandpasseditalongthe topmost plank;repeated the operation;did itagain;compared the white-washed streak with thevastnessofunwhitewashedfence,andsatdownonaboxdiscouraged.Hebegantothinkofthefunhehadplannedfortheday,andhissorrowsmultiplied.Soon,the free boys would come along,and they wo

19、uldmake fun of him for having to work.He took histreasuresfromhispocketandexaminedthembitsoftoys,marbles,andtrash;enoughtobuyanexchangeofworkmaybe,butnothalfenoughtobuyevenhalfanhouroffreedom.PartIReading1SectionBWhileYouRead2他叹了口气，蘸了蘸刷子，沿着最上面的木板刷了一遍。他重复了一次；又重复了一次；他把刷白的条纹和一大片还没有刷白的栅栏作了比较，气馁地在一个箱子上坐了

20、下来。他开始想到他原本为这一天计划的乐事，因而悲伤倍增。不久，那些不用干活的男孩们就要来了，他们会取笑他不得不工作。他从口袋里掏出他的宝贝，仔细地端详玩具碎片、玻璃弹珠和垃圾。也许足以换取别人来替自己工作，但要换得半个小时的自由还差得远。23Atthishopelessmoment,aninspirationburstuponhim!4Hetookuphisbrushandwentcalmlytowork.BenRogerscameintosighttheboywhosescornhehadbeendreading.Benwaseatinganapple.Ashedrewnear,heslow

21、eddownandwenttothemiddleofthestreet,andhepretendedhewasasteamboat.Tomwentonwhitewashing.Benstaredamomentandthensaid:“Hi!Yourebusy,arentyou!”PartIReading1SectionBWhileYouRead3在这个绝望的时刻，他突然灵光一现!4他拿起刷子，平静地开始工作。本罗杰斯出现了他一直害怕这个男孩的嘲笑。本正在吃苹果。当本走近时，他放慢了速度。他走到街中央，假装自己是一艘汽船。汤姆继续刷白。本盯了一会儿，然后说：“嗨！你很忙，是不是？”25Noans

22、wer.Tomsurveyedhislasttouchcarefully;thengavehisbrushanothergentlesweepandagainsurveyedtheresult.Benrangedupalongsidehim.Tomstucktohiswork.6Bensaid,“Hello,oldboy,yougottowork?”7Tomturnedsuddenlyandsaid,“Itsyou,Ben!Ididntnotice.”8“Imgoingtogoswimming,Iam.Dontyouwishyoucould?Butofcourseyoudratherworkw

23、ouldntyou?”9Tomstudiedtheboyabitandsaid,“Whatdoyoucallwork?”PartIReading1SectionBWhileYouRead5汤姆没有回答。汤姆仔细地打量着他最后刷的白条纹。然后又轻轻地刷了一下，又看了看效果。本走到他旁边。汤姆继续工作。6本说：“你好，老伙计，你得工作吗？”7汤姆突然转过身来说：“是你，本！我没有注意到。”8“我要去游泳，是的。你不希望你也能去游泳吗？但你当然更愿意工作，不是吗？”9汤姆仔细打量了这个男孩一会儿，说:“你把什么叫做工作？”210“Isntthatwork?”11Tomresumedhiswhitew

24、ashingandansweredcarelessly,“Well,maybeitis,andmaybeitisnt.Butitsuitsme.”12“Youlikeit?”13Thebrushcontinuedtomove.14ThenBensaid,“Tom,letmewhitewashalittle.”PartIReading1SectionBWhileYouRead10“这不就是工作吗？”11汤姆继续刷墙，漫不经心地说：“嗯，也许是这样，也许不是。但它适合我。”12“你喜欢吗？”13刷子继续刷着。14然后本说:“汤姆，让我来刷几下。”215Tomconsidered,wasaboutt

25、oconsent,butchangedhismind.“NonoIreckonitwouldntbeagoodidea,Ben.AuntPollysveryparticularaboutthisfenceonthestreet.Ifitwasthebackfence,shewouldntmind.Butshesparticularaboutthisfence;itsgottobedoneverycarefully;Ireckontherearentmanyboyswhocandoitthewayitsgottobedone.”16“Illbejustascareful.Letmetry.Ill

26、giveyouthecoreofmyapple.Illgiveyouallofit!”PartIReading1SectionBWhileYouRead15汤姆考虑了一下，正要答应，但又改变了主意。“不不我想这不是个好主意，本。波莉阿姨对街上的这道篱笆很挑剔。如果是背街的栅栏，她不会介意。但她对这个栅栏很挑剔，必须非常小心地对待，我想没有多少男孩子能干得好这个活。”16“我会小心的。让我试试。我把苹果核给你。我把苹果都给你!”217Tomgaveupthebrushwithunwillingnessinhisface,butwithjoyinhisheart.AndwhileBenworked

27、andsweatedinthesun,theretiredartistsatonabarrelintheshadecloseby,munchedonhisappleandplannedtrickingmoreinnocentboys.Theycamealongeverylittlewhile;theycametojeer,butremainedtowhitewash.BythetimeBenwastired,TomhadtradedthenextchancetoBillyFisherforakite.Andsoonandsoon,hourafterhour.PartIReading1Secti

28、onBWhileYouRead17汤姆一脸不情愿地放下刷子，但心里却乐开了花。当本在烈日下汗流浃背地工作时，这位退居二线的艺术家坐在旁边树荫下的一个桶上，大口地嚼着苹果，计划着作弄更多幼稚的男孩。每隔一会儿就会来一个男孩；他们先是嘲讽，但仍然留下来刷墙。本累了的时候，汤姆已经用第二次机会和比利费希尔交换了一只风筝。如此这般，一个小时又一个小时。218Whenthemiddleoftheafternooncame,Tomhadacquired much wealth.For granting the honor ofwhitewashing,Tom had received in return

29、twelvemarbles,apieceofblueglasstolookthrough,akeythatwouldntunlockanything,apieceofchalk,atinsoldier,acoupleoftadpoles,sixfirecrackers,akittenwithonlyoneeye,abrassdoorknob,thehandleofaknife,andfourpiecesoforangepeel.PartIReading1SectionBWhileYouRead18到了下午过半，汤姆获得了很多财富。作为让渡刷墙荣耀的回报,汤姆收到十二颗弹珠,一块可以用来看东西的

30、蓝色玻璃，一把打不开任何锁的钥匙,一支粉笔,一个玩具小锡兵,一对蝌蚪，六个鞭炮，一只独眼小猫，一个黄铜门把手,一把匕首的手柄和四块橘皮。219Hehadhadanice,good,idletimeallthewhileplentyofcompanyandthefencehadthreecoatsofwhitewashonit!Tomsaidtohimselfthatitwasnotsuch ahollow world,afterall.He had discovered agreat law of human action without knowing itnamely,thatinorde

31、rtomakeamanoraboywantsomething badly,it is only necessary to make thethingdifficulttoget.Ifhehadbeenagreatandwiseman,he would have now understood that work iswhat you have to do,and that play consists ofwhateveryoudonothavetodo.PartIReading1SectionBWhileYouRead19他在这段时间里过得愉快、惬意、悠闲有很多人陪着他栅栏上刷了三层白漆!汤姆自

32、言自语地说，这世界并不空洞乏味。他在不知不觉中发现了人类行为的一个伟大规律，即为了使一个男人或一个男孩迫切地想要某样东西，只需要使它难以得到就行了。如果他是一个伟大而明智的人，他现在就会明白，工作是你必须做的事情，而玩耍则包括你不必做的任何事。2LanguageandCulturalpointsMarkTwainCultural note:SamuelLanghorneClemens(18351910),knownbyhispennameMarkTwain,wasanAmerican writer,humorist,entrepreneur,publisher,and lecturer.He

33、was lauded as the“greatesthumoristthiscountryhasproduced”,andWilliamFaulknercalledhim“thefatherofAmericanliterature”.HisnovelsincludeTheAdventures of Tom Sawyer(1876)anditssequel,The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn(1885),thelatteroftencalled“TheGreatAmericanNovel”.2LanguageandCulturalpointse.g.brimv.

34、befulltothepointofoverflowing满溢；充盈WhenMarytoldmeaboutherson,hervoicewasbrimmingwithjoy.HiseyesbrimmedwithtearswhenhegotthenewsthathewasadmittedtoStanfordUniversity.玛丽和我谈到她儿子时，她的声音里洋溢着喜悦。当得知被斯坦福大学录取的时候，他眼中噙满了泪水。2LanguageandCulturalpointswhitewashn.amixtureofchalkorlimeandwater,usedforpaintinghouses a

35、ndwallswhite（粉刷用的）石灰水，白涂料2LanguageandCulturalpointsfencen.栅栏；围墙2LanguageandCulturalpointsyardn.码（英制长度单位，1码=3英尺）2LanguageandCulturalpointsfeetn.英尺（英制长度单位，1英尺约等于30厘米）2LanguageandCulturalpointshollowa.havinganemptyspaceinside;withoutrealmeaning空（心）的，中空的；无意义的e.g.Thewallwasbuiltwithhollowbricks.Thatwasso

36、methingofahollowvictoryhemadeabigsuccessincareerbutlosthiswife.那成功也无意义他虽事业有成了但却没能留住自己的妻子。这堵墙是用空心砖砌成的。2LanguageandCulturalpointsNote：此处的sighing是现在分词做伴随状语；过去分词“discouraged”做主语补足语。Sighing,hedippedhisbrushandpasseditalongthetopmostplank;.andsatdownonaboxdiscouraged.Moretolearn2LanguageandCulturalpointst

37、opmosta.最高的；最上面的e.g.Hewastryingtoreachtheappleonthetopmostbranch.他试图去摘最高处树枝上的苹果。Moretolearn2LanguageandCulturalpointsplankn.木板；板条Moretolearn2LanguageandCulturalpointsstreakn.条纹，线条e.g.ThemanwhoworeaT-shirtwithdarkstreaksinthispictureisourmanager.照片中穿着深色条纹T恤的那位男士是我们的经理。2LanguageandCulturalpointsNote：该

38、句中“hehadplanned”是省略了关系代词的定语从句，修饰名词“fun”，先行词在定语从句中做宾语。Hebegantothinkofthefunhehadplannedfortheday.2LanguageandCulturalpointse.g.Oncestudentsreachuniversities,costsmultiplysignificantly.Cockroachescanmultiplyrapidly.一旦学生进入大学，费用大幅度增加。蟑螂繁殖迅速。multiplyv.toincreaseverymuchinnumberoramount成倍增加；迅速增加2Language

39、andCulturalpointse.g.Thedetectivespottedbitsofbloodonthewindow.Youcanstickbitsoftinypartstogetherwithglue.侦探在窗户上发现了少量血迹。你可以将少量的零部件用胶水粘起来。bitsof少量的2LanguageandCulturalpointsmarblen.大理石；（玻璃）弹珠2LanguageandCulturalpointstrashn.thingsthatyouthrowaway,suchasemptybottles,usedpapers,foodthathasgonebadetc.废物

40、，垃圾Paraphrase:Histreasuresareenoughtotradewithotherboysfortheirhelpinwork,butfarfromenoughtobuyhalfanhoursfreedom.2LanguageandCulturalpointsenoughtobuyanexchangeofworkmaybe,butnothalfenoughtobuyevenhalfanhouroffreedom.2LanguageandCulturalpointsburstupontocomeoutsuddenly突然来到，突然出现e.g.Theywentintotheva

41、lleyandasplendidviewburstuponthem.Shehadnotexpectedthatherex-husbandwouldburstuponthescene.他们走进山谷，眼前突然呈现一副壮美的景色。她没想到她前夫会突然出现在面前。2LanguageandCulturalpointsscornn./v.astrongfeelingthatsb./sth.isstupidornotgoodenough轻蔑；鄙视e.g.Shedidnothideherscornforourwayofdoingthings.Therecentscandalofthatpoliticianwi

42、llnodoubtprovokescorninthemassmedia.她并不掩饰对我们做事方法的鄙视。她位政客最近的丑闻无疑将会招致媒体的嘲讽。Moretolearn2LanguageandCulturalpointsJackwassoarrogantthathescornedallthosesuggestionsthathisfriendsgavetohim.杰克是如此狂妄自大以至于对朋友们给出的建议都嗤之以鼻。这位市长被许多同僚暗地里鄙视。scornn./v.astrongfeelingthatsb./sth.isstupidornotgoodenough 轻蔑；鄙视e.g.Themay

43、orwassecretlyscornedbymanyofhisfellowcolleagues.2LanguageandCulturalpointsdreadv.tobeveryafraidofsth.非常害怕；极为担心Dontdreadthedoomsday.Liveinthepresent.不要害怕世界末日。活在当下。我害怕即将到来的演讲比赛。e.g.Idreadtheupcomingspeechcontest.2LanguageandCulturalpointssteamboatn.汽船；轮船2LanguageandCulturalpointsThecowsrangefreelyonth

44、efarm.牛群在农场上自由地漫步。敌人们整天都在山脚下徘徊。range v.toroamatlargeorfreely徘徊；漫步e.g.Theenemiesrangeddownthehillsalldaylong.2LanguageandCulturalpointsconsentv.toagreetodosth.orgiveyourpermissionforsth.同意；准许WeaskedAngelaforasignedphotographandshewillinglyconsented.我们找安吉拉要签名照，她欣然同意了。她的父母永远不会准许这门婚事。e.g.Herparentswould

45、neverconsenttothemarriage.2LanguageandCulturalpointse.g.reckon v.tothinkorbelieve认为，以为Hereckonedthatitmustbetenoclock.Hereckonedthatgirlnolongerlovedhimanymore.他估计当时肯定是十点钟。他认为那个女孩不再爱他了。Moretolearn2LanguageandCulturalpoints 这里think是最普通用词，表按照自己的意见提出看法；reckon指对人和事做全面的权衡考量，结合各方面意见得出结论，reckon不能用于进行时；calc

46、ulate是指通过计算的方法衡量预估；consider多指通过观察和考虑后得出的看法。辨析：reckon,calculate,consider和thinke.g.I think we need to adjust our plan according to the needs of ourcustomers.我想我们需要根据客户要求调整计划。Moretolearn2LanguageandCulturalpointsThecoachreckonsmuchtoourchancesofwinninginthefinal.Mary calculated on an early start of the

47、 party,however she wasdisappointed.Defeated,heisstillconsideredthebesttennisplayerintheworld.辨析：reckon,calculate,consider和think教练认为我们很有希望在决赛中取胜。玛丽指望着派对早点开始，然而令她失望了。尽管被击败，但他仍然被看作世界上最优秀的网球选手。e.g.2LanguageandCulturalpointsMrs.Whileisveryparticularaboutwhatshewears.怀特太太对自己的穿着非常挑剔。particular a.noteasilys

48、atisfiedanddemandingthatcloseattention shouldbegiventoeverydetail挑剔的e.g.2LanguageandCulturalpointsIbelievenotmanyboyscandoitwell.Ireckontherearentmanyboyswhocandoitthewayitsgottobedone.Paraphrase:2LanguageandCulturalpointscore n.thehardcentralpartofafruitsuchasanapple果心，果核2LanguageandCulturalpointss

49、weat v.tohavedropsofsaltyliquidcomingoutthroughyourskin出汗，冒汗AthletesaresweatinginthegymnasiumtogetpreparedfortheupcomingOlympicGames.运动员们在体育馆里挥汗如雨，为即将到来的奥运会积极做准备。面对绑匪们那孩子吓得直冒汗。e.g.Thekidwassweatingwithfearinfaceofthekidnappers.2LanguageandCulturalpointsbarreln.桶2LanguageandCulturalpointsshaden.sligh

50、tdarknessorshelterfromthedirectlightofthesunmadebysomethingblockingit背阴处，阴凉处2LanguageandCulturalpointsAcoupleofdaysagoanewsupermarketopenedcloseby.几天前这附近开了一家新超市。我们在附近一家中餐馆就餐如何？closebynearby在附近，在近旁e.g.ShallweeatinaChineserestaurantcloseby?2LanguageandCulturalpointsmunchv.toeatsomethingnoisily出声地嚼，大声地