高中英语语法省略句中的运用解析讲义.docx

《高中英语语法省略句中的运用解析讲义.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《高中英语语法省略句中的运用解析讲义.docx（8页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、高中英语语法省略句中的运用解析简单句中的省略用法A. 在对话、交际中在回答他人的问题时，根据问题的类型和性质，只作简短的回答。如：(1)Do you like playing volleyball? 你喜欢打排球吗？Yes, I do. 是的，我喜欢。(2)Who is talking with our teacher? 谁在跟我们的老师谈话？Our headmaster. 我们的校长。(3)What is your favourite subject? 你最喜欢哪一学科？English. 英语。谈论事物时，接着人家的话，发表自己的观点、看法，常省略相同的部分。此时，被省略的成分可根据上文内容

2、补出。如：(1)Maths is very difficult. 数学很难。But very important and useful. 但是很重要、很有用。(2)Ann is very clever. 安妮很聪明。And very diligent. 并且也很勤奋。表达心里感受时，主语、系动词常被省略。如：(1)How do you find English？你认为英语怎么样？Very interesting. 很有趣。(2)Nice to see you again. 又见到你真高兴。(3)What do you think about this film? 你认为这场电影怎样？Very

3、disappointing. 非常令人失望。B. 在某些句型中祈使句中的主语常被省略(1)Go and open the window. 去把窗户打开。(2)Follow me, please. 请跟我来。(3)Be bold but dont be shy. 胆大一点，不要害羞。(4)Dont worry about them. 不要为他们操心。感叹句在发出感慨时，为了表达出强烈的感情，常省略主语、系动词或谓语动词等。如：(1)What a good girl!多好的女孩啊！(2)How beautiful!多美啊！涉及不定式的两种省略用法1.为避免重复，有时可用不定式符号to来代替整个动词

4、不定式(短语)。如：“Will you come?” “Id love to. ” “你来吗?”“我愿意来。”You can do it this way if you care to.如果你愿意可以这样做。2.在某些情况下省略不定式符号to(如在let, make, have等使役动词后用作宾语补足语的不定式必须省略to，在see, hear, observe, notice, feel, watch等表示感官的动词后必须省略to等)。如：If you want help, let me know.如果你需要帮助，可以告诉我。You have made me feel secure.你使我感

5、到安全。Did you notice me pause?你注没注意我停顿了一下？涉及省略结构if not, not的语法题请看下面的题，考查什么样的省略结构：If the weather is fine, well go. If_,_.A. not, notB. no, noC. not, noD. no, not【分析】此题应选A。If not, not.为If the weather is NOT fine, we will NOT go.全句意为“如果天气好,我们就去；如果天气不好，我们就不去”。该句的特点是：后句与前句的用词和句式完全相同,只是前句为肯定，后句为否定，为了简洁起见,于是

6、将后句与前句相同部分省略，只保留否定词not。又如：If it is cheap, Ill buy it. If not, not.如果这东西便宜，我就买；如果不便宜，我就不买。If you study hard, youll succeed. If not, not.你若努力，你就会成功；你若不努力，你就不会成功。If you start at once, youll catch the train. If not, not.你若马上动身，你就会赶上火车；你若不马上动身，你就赶不上火车了。请再看以下例子(只保留否定词not)。如：“Can you repair it yourself?” “

7、I am afraid not.” “你自己会修吗?”“恐怕不行。”(=I am afraid I cant repair it myself.)“Did you know anything about it?” “Not until you told me.” “这事你以前知道吗?”“你告诉我才知道。”(=I didnt know anything about it until you told me.)“Will it rain today?” “I hope not.” “今天会下雨吗?”“希望不会。”(=I hope it will not rain today.)状语从句可能涉及的三

8、类省略一、省略主语和动词be当状语从句的主语与主句主语一致，且从句谓语包括有动词be时，有时可省略从句中的主语和动词be。如:Phone me if(it is)necessary.必要时给我打电话。Start when (you are) ready.准备好了就开始。He danced about as if(he was) in search of something.他向四周望望，仿佛在找什么似的。Though(he was) intelligent, he was very poorly educated.虽然他很聪明，受的教育却很差。注:有时省略的可能是 there is. It i

9、s 等。如:There is few if(there is)any. 如果有也很少。Fill in the application as(it is) instructed.按照要求填好表格。As (it is) scheduled they met on January 20.他们按照计划在1月20日碰头。二、结果状语从句省略thatso that. so.that. such.that 引导结果状语从句时，有时可省略that。如:I am so busy (that) I have no time to write a letter我是那样忙，写信的时间都没有。He was so dru

10、nk (that) he could barely stand他喝醉了，勉强能站立。The girls are so close (that) theyre like sisters.女孩们亲如姐妹。There was such a lot of rain (that) we couldnt go out. 雨那么大，我们没法出去。She spoke with such sincerity (that) he felt greatly touched.她说得那样诚恳，他深受感动。三、比较状语从句的省略as,than等引出的比较大状语从句通常省略谓语。如:I know you better th

11、an he (does). 我比他更了解你。He is as quick in answering as his sister (is).他回答得和他妹妹一样快。He answers as quickly as his sister (does). 他回答得和他妹妹一样快。He is not so /as quick in answering as his sister (is).他回答得不如他妹妹那样快。His sister is quicker than he (is).他妹妹比他敏捷。He moves more slowly than his sister (does).他行动起来比他妹

12、妹慢。现在，把各种状语从句的省略情况，尽可能全面系统地做一总结。1.时间状语从句中，省略“主语+be”When (she was) very young, she began to learn to play the violin. 她很小的时候，就开始学习拉小提琴。Tom likes to listen to music while (he is) reading. 汤姆喜欢读书时听音乐。2.条件状语从句中，省略“主语+be”If(he is) given more time, he will do the work better.如果给更多的时间，他会做得更好。Unless(you are

13、)here, you cant find this kind of plants.除非在这里，其他地方你找不到这种植物。【条件句是省略最经常、省略形式最多的一种。常见的条件句省略形式有:if necessary,if possible, if true, if so, if not, if any, if anything, if anyone, if eve, if not better than等。例如:I could come earlier. if (it is)necessary.如果有必要我可以早点来。If(it is) possible, Ill come to help. 如果

14、可能的话，我会来帮忙的。If(it is) true, this will cause us a lot of trouble.如果是真的，这会给我们带来很多麻烦。They think she may try to phone. If(it is) so. someone must stay here. 他们认为她可能来电话。要是这样的话，就得有人守在这儿。I might see you tomorrow. If not, then itll be Saturday. 我可能明天去看你。如果不是明天，那就在周六。There are few people nowadays. if any. wh

15、o remember him.现在能记得他的人，即使有也很少了。Im not angry. If anything, I feel a little surprised.我没有生气。如果说我有什么反应的话，那就是我感到有些惊讶。If anyone.he knows.如果有人知道，那就是他了。He seldom, if ever, goes to the movies by himself.他不会，即使有也很少，单独去看电影的。Jim plays football as well as, if not better than, Mike.吉姆踢足球如果不是比迈克踢得更好，至少也是一样好。3.让步

16、状语从句中，省略“主语+be”Though(he is)a young man, he has made several inventions.虽然还是个年轻人，他已经有好几项发明了。He is a good man, though sometimes (he is) rather dull 他是个好人，尽管有时相当无聊。4.方式状语从句中，省略“主语+be”She talked to the stranger as if(she were)absent-minded.她和陌生人谈话时似乎心不在焉。He opened the drawer,as if(he was) in search of something important.他打开抽屉仿佛要找什么重要的东西。She stood at the gate as if(she was) waiting for someone.她站在门口好像在等人。The teacher shouted at the boy as if(he was)angry. 老师朝孩子大喊大叫好似很生气。学科网（北京）股份有限公司