Unit 4 单词拓展讲义-高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第三册.docx

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1、Unit4 单词拓展以及配套练习一、单词拓展1. adversity (n) 困境；逆境adversities (pl) 困境；逆境2. wage (n) 工资be in low wage 手头拮据a very low/high wage 非常低/高的工资wage cuts 减薪3. bitter (adj) 严寒的；令人不快的bitterly (adv) 痛苦的；愤恨的bitterness (n) 苦味；悲苦；痛苦bitter cold 严寒a bitter wind 刺骨寒风a bitter old man 一位满腹怨恨的老人stir up bitter memories 勾起痛苦的回忆4

2、. 完全倒装(1) 当副词here, now, then, out, in, up, down, off, away等置于句首，谓语动词是come, go, rush, run, fly等，且主语时名词时，要用完全倒装，这种情况下用于一般现在时和一般过去式。(2) There be/lie/stand/appear/remain.结构。(3) 表示地点的介词短语放在句首，谓语动词是不及物动词，如：lie, stand, sit, exist等或者连系动词be,且主语时名词时，要用完全倒装。5. It (so) happens that. 碰巧.=It chances that.Sb. happ

3、en(s) to do sth 某人碰巧做某事Sth happen(s) to sb. 某事发生在某人身上6. expedite (v) 加速；促进（行为，过程）expedition (n) 远征，考察；探险队expeditious (adj) 迅速的；敏捷的7. endure (v) 持续存在；持久；忍受endurance (n) 持久力；忍耐力endurable (adj) 能忍受的；可忍受的8. vigour (n) 活力；精力；气势vigorous (adj) 精力充沛的；充满活力的vigorously (adv) 精力旺盛地；vigorousness (n) 朝气蓬勃，强有力9. t

4、urn. down 拒绝（提议、建议）；调低turn to sb.for help 向某人寻求帮助turn into 变成10. qualified (adj) 符合资格；具备.的知识（或技能，学历等）be qualified to do sth 有资格做某事be qualified for (doing) sth 适合做.(有担任.的资格)qualify (v) (使)具备资格，(使)合格；获得参赛资格qualify as. 取得.资格qualify for. 获得.参赛资格qualify sb. for. 使某人能够胜任.qualify sb. to do sth 使某人有资格做某事qua

5、lification (n) 资格have (no) qualification for (doing) sth= have (no) qualification to do sth （没）有做某事的资格11. enthusiastic (adj) 热情/心的be /become enthusiastic about (doing) sth 对（做）某事感兴趣an enthusiastic supporter 热心的支持者an enthusiastic welcome 热烈欢迎enthusiastically (adv) 热心地；满腔热情地enthusiasm (n) 热情with (grea

6、t) enthusiasm (非常)热情地full of enthusiasm 充满热情enthusiast (n) 热心者，爱好者12. aboarb (adv&prep) 上（船/飞机）go aboard 上船/飞机 be aboard the plane/ship 在飞机/船上13. assign (v) 分派；布置；分配assign sb. sth = assign sth to sb. 分配给某人某物assign sb. to do sth 指派某人做某事assign sb. as sth 指派某人任某一职务assignment (n) 分配；指派；任务finish/complete

7、 the assignment 完成任务the oral/spoken/written assignment 口头/书面任务14. envy (v) 羡慕；嫉妒envy sb. doing sth 羡慕/妒忌某人做某事envy sb. for sth 因某事而羡慕某人 (n)羡慕；妒忌with envy 羡慕地；妒忌地out of envy 处于嫉妒be/become the envy of 成为羡慕的对象envious (adj) 羡慕的；妒忌的15. sink (v) 沉没；下降/下沉（sank/sunk,sunk）sink to the buttom of 沉到的底部be sunk in

8、 sth 陷入不快（或沉思）中be sunk in thought 陷入沉思中16. abandon (v) 舍弃/放弃/抛弃abandon doing sth = give up /quit /desert doing sth 放弃做某事abandon oneself to 陷入，沉湎于（某种感情）abandonfor 为而放弃 (n) 放任；放纵with anandon 放纵地；恣意地abandoned (adj) 被遗弃/抛弃的abandonment (n) 舍弃，抛弃，放弃17. belongings (n) 财物；动产personal belongings 个人财物；私人物品lose

9、/save ones belongings 失去/挽留某人的财物18. miserable (adj) 痛苦的；令人难过的 miserably (adv) 贫困地/可悲地19. voyage (n) 航海，航行 voyager (n) 航海者；远航者20. decent (adj) 正派的；得体的 decently (adv) 正派地 decency (n) 正派；得体；庄重21. selfish (adj) 自私的 selfishly (adv) 自私地 selfless (adj) 无私的 selflessly (adv) 无私地22. genuine (adj) 真正的；真诚的 genu

10、inely (adv) 真正地；真诚地二、配套练习1. Although he was _in low wage, he always helps those less fortunate than him.解析：a very low/high wage 非常低/高的工资 be in low wage 手头拮据2. They have the same joys and pains, and love and _bitterness (bitter).解析：bitter (adj) 严寒的；令人不快的bitterly (adv) 痛苦的；愤恨的bitterness (n) 苦味；悲苦；痛苦3.

11、 Erin had gone beyond what almost anyone would have done, finding my house on a _bitter (bitter) cold night, and for that I was extremely grateful.解析：bitter (adj) 严寒的；令人不快的bitterly (adv) 痛苦的；愤恨的bitterness (n) 苦味；悲苦；痛苦bitter cold 严寒a bitter wind 刺骨寒风4. Here _comes (come) the bus.解析：当副词here, now, then

12、, out, in, up, down, off, away等置于句首，谓语动词是come, go, rush, run, fly等，且主语时名词时，要用完全倒装，这种情况下用于一般现在时和一般过去式。5. Out _rushes (rush) a dog.解析：当副词here, now, then, out, in, up, down, off, away等置于句首，谓语动词是come, go, rush, run, fly等，且主语时名词时，要用完全倒装，这种情况下用于一般现在时和一般过去式。6. There _stands (stand) a temple at the top of t

13、he mountain.解析：There be/lie/stand/appear/remain.结构，需要用完全倒装。7. In front of our house _stands (stand) a big tree.解析：表示地点的介词短语放在句首，谓语动词是不及物动词，如：lie, stand, sit, exist等或者连系动词be,且主语时名词时，要用完全倒装。8. It so happened _that I watched the football watch, so I know the outcome.解析：It (so) happens that. 碰巧.=It chan

14、ces that.9. Mrs.King is in her seventies,but she turns _down all offers of assistance from her neighbours when you are in trouble, you can turn _to my brother for help.解析：turn. down 拒绝（提议、建议）；调低turn to sb.for help 向某人寻求帮助10. What makes you think you are qualified _for a judge of the painting?解析：be q

15、ualified for (doing) sth 适合做.(有担任.的资格)11. A victory in this game will earn the team qualification _for the World Cup.解析：qualification (n) 资格have (no) qualification for (doing) sth= have (no) qualification to do sth （没）有做某事的资格12. I have won several prizes, and I am _qualified (qualify) to take part i

16、n the competition.解析: qualified (adj) 符合资格；具备.的知识（或技能，学历等）be qualified to do sth 有资格做某事be qualified for (doing) sth 适合做.(有担任.的资格)qualify (v) (使)具备资格，(使)合格；获得参赛资格13. Teaching positions at Japanese Universities require more _qualified (qualify) than other such jobs teaching English.解析：qualify (v) (使)具

17、备资格，(使)合格；获得参赛资格qualified (adj) 符合资格；具备.的知识（或技能，学历等）14. The enthusiast for environmental protection are planting trees with great enthusiasm, which makes us more enthusiastic about environmental protection. (enthusiastic)解析：enthusiastic (adj) 热情/心的be /become enthusiastic about (doing) sth 对（做）某事感兴趣e

18、nthusiasm (n) 热情enthusiast (n) 热心者，爱好者15. As soon as the music was over, the audience rose to their feet and applauded _with enthusiasm.解析：enthusiasm (n) 热情with (great) enthusiasm (非常)热情地16. My teacher assigned me _to write (write) an essay about the reform and opening-up policy of china.解析：assign s

19、b. to do sth 指派某人做某事17. Our first _assignment (assign) was to read two short stories and then discuss which one was better.解析：assign (v) 分派；布置；分配assignment (n) 分配；指派；任务18. All of us envied Nick _for learning Chinese so easily.解析：envy (v) 羡慕；嫉妒envy sb. doing sth 羡慕/妒忌某人做某事envy sb. for sth 因某事而羡慕某人19. Paula was so _envious (envy) that she spoke ill of her classmate polly.解析：envious (adj) 羡慕的；妒忌的20. The other boys looked _with envy at Tonys new electric toy.解析：envy (n)羡慕；妒忌with envy 羡慕地；妒忌地out of envy 处于嫉妒学科网（北京）股份有限公司