2023年翻译资格考试(catti)一级笔译材料整合一级口译工资.doc

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1、2022年翻译资格考试(catti)一级笔译材料整合一级口译工资不为失败找借口，要为成功找方法。今天WTT给大家带来了2022年翻译资格考试(catti)一级笔译材料，希望可以帮助到大家，下面WTT就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。2022年翻译资格考试(catti)一级笔译材料Mobile Teles: Wireless: The Ne_t Generation挪动通信：无线：下一世代(节选)A new wave of mobile technology is on its way, and will bring drasticchange酝酿中的新一代挪动技术将带来巨变The future is

2、 already arriving, it is just a question of knowing where tolook.On Changshou Road in Shanghai, eagle eyes may spot an odd rectangularobject on top of an office block: it is a collection of 128 miniature antennae.Pedestrians in Manhattan can catch a glimpse of apparatus that looks like avideo camera

3、 on a stand, but jerks around and has a strange, hornlike protrusionwhere the lens should be.It blasts a narrow beam of radio waves at buildings sothey can bounce their way to the receiver.The cus of the University ofSurrey in Guildford, England, is dotted with 44 antennae, which form virtualwireles

4、s cells that follow a device around.将来已然在目，只在于我们放眼何方。上海的长寿路上，目光敏锐的人会发现一座办公楼的楼顶架着奇怪的矩形物体：由128条微型天线组成的设备。在曼哈顿，行人会瞥见摄像头般的装置立在支架上，不但会猛然转动，而且在本应是镜头的位置有奇怪的角状突出。该装置向建筑物发射窄束无线电波，经过反射的电波可以传给接收器。萨里大学(Universityof Surrey)在英格兰吉尔福德(Guildford)的校园内分布着44台天线，形成一套虚拟的无线基站，供手机使用。These antennae are vanguards of a new ge

5、neration of wireless technologies.Although the previous batch, collectively called “fourth generation”, or 4G, isstill being rolled out in many countries, the teles industry has alreadystarted working on the ne_t, 5G.On February 12th AT&;T, Americassecond-largest mobile operator, said it would begin

6、 testing whether prototype 5Gcircuitry works indoors, following similar news in September from Verizon, thenumber one.South Korea wants to have a 5G work up and running when it hoststhe Winter Olympics in 20_; Japan wants the same for the summer games in 2022.When the industry held its annual jambor

7、ee, Mobile World Congress, in Barcelonain February, 5G topped the agenda.这些天线是新一代无线技术的前沿成果。虽然许多国家仍在推广被统称为“第四代”(即4G)的前一代无线技术，但电信业已经迈向下一代技术即5G的研发。2月12日，美国第二大挪动运营商AT&;T表示将试验5G原型电路能否在室内接通。而早在去年9月，美国第一大挪动运营商Verizon也做过类似的实验。韩国希望在20_年主办冬季奥运会时能建成并启用5G网络;日本希望在2022年主办夏季奥运会时实现同样的愿景。2月在无线业界于巴塞罗那召开的年度峰会世界挪动通信大会(

8、MobileWorld Congress)上，5G技术成为首要议题。Mobile teles have e a long way since Martin Cooper of Motorola,inventor of the DynaTAC, the first mercially available handset, demonstratedit in 1973.In the early 20_0s, when 3G technology made web-browsing feasible onmobiles, operators splashed out more than $100 b

9、illion on radio-spectrumlicences, only to find that the technology most had agreed to use was harder toimplement than e_pected.自摩托罗拉的马丁库帕(MartinCooper)在1973年展示其创造的首款商用手机DynaTAC以来，挪动通讯已有长足的开展。21世纪初，3G技术使手机上网成为可能，运营商于是砸出超过千亿美元购入无线电频谱牌照，却发现这项大多数人已同意使用的技术推广起来难于预期。The advent of 5G is likely to bring anot

10、her splurge of investment, just asorders for 4G equipment are peaking.The goal is to be able to offer users noless than the “perception of infinite capacity”, says Rahim Tafazolli, directorof the 5G Innovation Centre at the University of Surrey.Rare will be the devicethat is not wirelessly connected

11、, from self-driving cars and drones to thesensors, industrial machines and household appliances that together constitutethe “inter of things” (IoT).正当4G设备迎来订单顶峰之际，5G的出现很可能激发另一轮投资热潮。目的是至少给用户以“功能无限的印象”，萨里大学5G创新中心主任拉希姆塔法佐利(RahimTafazolli)说。将来，从无人驾驶汽车、无人机到构成“物联网”的一切传感器、工业机械及家用电器，几乎所有设备都能无线联网。It is easy

12、to dismiss all this as “a lot of hype”, in the words of KesterMann of CCS Insight, a research firm.When it es to 5G, much is still up inthe air: not only which band of radio spectrum and which wireless technologieswill be used, but what standards makers of work gear and handsets will haveto ply with

13、.Teles firms have reached consensus only on a set of rough“requirements”.The most important are connection speeds of up to 10 gigabitsper second and response times (“latency”) of below 1 millisecond.视这一切为“炒作”并嗤之以鼻很容易，研究公司CCS Insight的凯斯特曼(KesterMann)说道。提到5G，大都未有定论：不只是利用哪一频段的无线电频谱及哪些无线技术未定，还有网络设备及手机制造

14、商须遵照哪些标准也未确定。电信公司已就一套广泛的“要求”达成共识。最重要的是连接速度最高要到达10Gbps，而且响应时间(“网络延迟”)须低于一毫秒。Yet the momentum is real.South Korea and Japan are front-runners in wiredbroadband, and Olympic games are an opportunity to show the world that theyintend also to stay ahead in wireless, even if that may mean having to upgrad

15、etheir 5G works to ply with a global standard once it is agreed.AT&;Tand Verizon both invested early in 4G, and would like to lead again with 5G.Themarket for work equipment has peaked, as recent results from Ericsson andNokia show, so the makers also need a new generation of products and new groups

16、of customers.然而，势头已然成真。韩国和日本是有线宽带建立的领跑国家，举办奥运会是一个时机，向世界展现它们也想要领跑无线领域，即便这意味着在全球标准议定出台后它们可能必须晋级其5G网络以符合标准要求。AT&;T及Verizon均在早期率先投资4G，如今同样希望在5G上再度领先。正如爱立信和诺基亚最近业绩所显示的那样，网络设备市场已经饱和，因此制造商也需要新一代产品及新的客户群。On the demand side, too, pressure is mounting for better wirelessinfrastructure.The rapid growth in data

17、 traffic will continue for theforeseeable future, says Sundeep Rangan of NYU Wireless, a department of NewYork University.According to one estimate, works need to be ready for a1,000-fold increase in data volumes in the first half of the 2022s.And theradio spectrum used by 4G, which mostly sits belo

18、w 3 gigahertz, is running out,and thus getting more e_pensive.An auction in America last year raked in $45billion.需求方面也一样，改善无线根底设施的呼声日益迫切。纽约大学无线研究中心(NYU Wireless)的森迪普兰根(SundeepRangan)表示，在可预见的将来，数据流量将继续快速增长。据估计，在本世纪20年代的前五年，网络需要准备好迎接上千倍的数据量增长。而4G所用的无线电频段(大多低于3GHz)已逐渐稀缺，且愈加昂贵，去年美国一次竞拍便卖得450亿美元。But the

19、 path to a 5G wireless paradise will not be smooth.It is not only theusual teles suspects who will want a say in this mother of all works.Media panies will want priority to be given to generous bandwidth, so theycan stream films with ever higher resolution.Most IoT firms will not need muchbandwidth,

20、 but will want their sensors to run on one set of batteries for years so they will want the 5G standard to put a premium on low power consumption.Online-gaming firms will worry about latency: players will plain if it is toohigh.但通往5G无线天堂的道路不会一帆风顺。对这一“万网之”，争取话事权的不单是惯常那些电信企业。媒体公司希望优先获得更高的带宽，以便其以更高分辨率在

21、线播放影片。大局部物联网企业不需要太大的带宽，而是想自己的传感器能靠一组电池续航数年，所以它们会希望5G标准重视低功耗。网游公司会担忧网络延迟的问题：假设延迟过久，玩家会抱怨。The most important set of new actors, however, are information-technologyfirms.The likes of Apple, IBM and Samsung have a big interest not only inselling more smartphones and other mobile devices, but also in IoT

22、, which istipped to generate the ne_t big wave of revenues for them and other panies.Google, which already operates high-speed fibre-optic works in severalAmerican cities and may be tempted to build a wireless one, has shown aninterest in 5G.In 20_ it bought Alpental Technologies, a startup which wa

23、sdeveloping a cheap, high-speed munications service using e_tremely high radiofrequencies, known as “millimetre wave” (mmWave), the spectrum bands above 3gigahertz where most of 5G is e_pected to live.然而，最重要的新登场者是信息技术公司。苹果、IBM、三星这类企业不但关心卖出更多的智能手机及其他挪动设备，对于物联网这据称将为其带来下一波收入巨浪的领域，他们也饶有兴致。谷歌已在美国多个城市运营高速

24、光纤网络业务，而且可能有意打造无线网络，目前该公司已对5G表示兴趣。20_年，谷歌收买了创业公司AlpentalTechnologies，该公司当时正在研发通过极高频无线电提供廉价而高速的通讯效劳，即所谓的“毫米波”(mmWave，频段高于3GHz，也是5G预期主要使用的频段)。To satisfy all these actors will not be easy, predicts Ulf Ewaldsson,Ericssons chief technology officer.Questions over spectrum may be the easiestto solve, in p

25、art because the World Radiomunication Conference, establishedby international treaty, will settle them.Its last gathering, in November,failed to agree on the frequencies for 5G, but it is e_pected to do so when itne_t meets in 20_.It is likely to carve out space in the mmWave bands.Testssuch as the

26、one in Manhattan mentioned above, which are conducted by researchersfrom NYU Wireless, have shown that such bands can be used for 5G: although theyare blocked even by thin obstacles, they can be made to bounce around them.要满足所有各方所求并非易事，爱立信首席技术官乌尔夫艾华信(UlfEwaldsson)预言道。频段问题也许是最容易解决的，一方面是因为按国际条约成立的世界无线

27、电通信大会将解决这些问题。大会上一次召开是在去年11月，虽然当时无法就5G所用频率达成一致，但预计大会下一次在20_年召开时便可达成共识，并很可能会在毫米波频段中开拓空间。诸如上文提及由NYU无线研究中心研究人员在曼哈顿所做的测试已显示，这些频段可以用于5G：虽然薄障碍物也会造成阻隔，但可以让它们通过反射绕过障碍物。For the first time there will not be peting sets of technical rules, aswas the case with 4G, when LTE, now the standard, was initially threat

28、ened byWiMa_, which was bankrolled by Intel, a chipmaker.Nobody seems willing to playIntels role this time around.That said, 5G will be facing a strong petitor,especially indoors: smartphone users are increasingly using Wi-Fi connectionsfor calls and te_ts as well as data.That means they have ever l

29、ess need for amobile connection, no matter how blazingly fast it may be.没有多套技术准那么互相竞争，这实属首次，不像4G推出时的情形，如今普遍采用的LTE标准最初还受到芯片制造商英特尔投资开发的WiMa_标准威胁。这次，似乎没有谁愿意扮演英特尔的角色。尽管如此，5G将面对一个强大对手，尤其是在室内：智能手机用户除了用Wi-Fi传输数据之外，也越来越多地用其打 及发短信。那意味着他们对接入挪动网络的需求越来越少，不管数据的传输有多么极速。2022年翻译资格考试(catti)一级笔译材料: Imperial Ambitions

30、：帝国野心Mark Zuckerberg prepares to fight for dominance of the ne_t era ofputing马克扎克伯格准备为争夺下一个计算时代的统治地位而战Not since the era of imperial Rome has the “thumbs-up” sign been such apotent and public symbol of power.A mere 12 years after it was founded, is a great empire with a vast population, immense wealt

31、h, a charismaticleader, and mind-boggling reach and influence.The worlds largest socialwork has 1.6 billion users, a billion of whom use it every day for an averageof over 20 minutes each.In the Western world, accounts for the largestshare of the most popular activity (social working) on the most wi

32、dely usedputing devices (smartphones); its various apps account for 30% of mobileinter use by Americans.And it is the si_th-most-valuable public pany onEarth, worth some $325 billion.自罗马帝国时代以来，“竖起大拇指”这一手势就成为了公开且有力的权利象征。成立仅十二年之后，已成为一个伟大的帝国，人口众多、财富无数、领袖魅力非凡，且影响力和影响范围令人难以想象。这一全球最大的社交网络拥有16亿用户，其中十亿每天平均使

33、用时间超过20分钟。在西方世界，在最广泛使用的计算设备(智能手机)上的最受欢送的活动(社交网络)中所占份额最大;它各种各样的应用占美国人挪动互联网使用的30%。它是全球市值第六大的上市公司，价值3250亿美元。Even so, Mark Zuckerberg, s 31-year-old founder and chief e_ecutive,has even greater ambitions.He has plans to connect the digitally unconnected inpoor countries by beaming inter signals from sol

34、ar-powered drones, and ismaking big bets on artificial intelligence (AI), “chatbots” and virtual reality(VR).This bid for dominance will bring him into increasing conflict with theother great empires of the technology world, and Google in particular.Theensuing battle will shape the digital future fo

35、r everyone.即便如此，31岁的创始人及首席执行官马克扎克伯格(MarkZuckerberg)仍有更宏伟的志向。他方案用太阳能供电的无人机发送互联网信号，以连接贫困国家尚未连入数字世界的人，他在人工智能(AI)、聊天机器人和虚拟现实(VR)上押下重注。对统治地位的竞逐会令他和科技世界其他伟大帝国之间的冲突不断增加，尤其是同谷歌之间。今后的战斗将为每个人塑造数字化的将来。Empires built on data数据上的帝国 has prospered by building pelling services that attract largeaudiences, whose atte

36、ntion can then be sold to advertisers.The same is true ofGoogle.The two play different roles in their users lives: Google has masses ofdata about the world, whereas knows about you and your friends; you goto Google to get things done, but turn to when you have time to kill.Yet their positions of dom

37、inance and their strategies are being remarkablysimilar.Unparalleled troves of data make both firms difficult to challenge andimmensely profitable, giving them the wealth to make bold bets and to deal withpotential petitors by buying them.And both firms crave more users and moredata which, for all t

38、he do-gooding rhetoric, e_plains why they are both sointerested in e_tending inter access in the developing world, using dronesor, in Googles case, giant balloons.打造多个引人瞩目的效劳吸引大量用户，继而将用户的关注卖给广告商，以此获得成功。谷歌也是如此。这两大公司在其用户的生活中扮演着不同的角色：谷歌拥有关于这个世界的大量数据，而理解你和你的朋友;你用谷歌是为了完成任务，但要打发时间时你会找。然而它们的统治地位和战略正变得越来越相似

39、。无与伦比的数据宝藏让两家公司都难有敌手，且获利颇丰，它们的财富足以掷下豪注并且通过收买解决潜在竞争者。这两家公司渴求更多用户、更多数据，用冠冕堂皇的说法，这解释了为何它们都对在开展中国家扩展互联网连接兴趣浓重，使用无人机，谷歌那么使用巨型气球。The task is to harness data to offer new services and make money in new ways.s bet on AI is a recognition that “machine learning” in whichsoftware learns by crunching data, rath

40、er than having to be e_plicitlyprogrammed is a big part of the answer.It already uses AI techniques toidentify people in photos, for e_le, and to decide which status updates andads to show to each user. is also pushing into AI-powered digitalassistants and chatbot programs which interact with users

41、via short messages.Ne_t week it is e_pected to open up its Messenger service (which can already beused to do things like order an Uber car), to broaden the range of chatbots.Ands investment in VR it bought Oculus, the cheerleader of this emergingfield, for $2 billion in 20_ is a bold guess about whe

42、re puting andmunication will go after the smartphone.如今的任务是利用数据提供新的效劳，以新的方式赚钱。在人工智能方面的赌注是对“机器学习”的认可，即软件通过分析p 数据学习，而不需要准确编写程序。例如，它已经利用人工智能技术来辨识照片中的人像，也用这一技术确定向每个用户展示什么样的状态更新和广告。还在推动由人工智能支持的数字助手和聊天机器人程序，它们通过简短的信息与用户互动。下周它方案开放Messenger效劳(它已经可以用来做一些事情，例如从优步叫车)，并且拓宽聊天机器人的适用范围。在虚拟现实上的投资是对计算和通信在智能手机之后将何去何从

43、的大胆预测，它于20_年以20亿美元收买了这一新兴领域的领头羊Oculus。But faces rivals in all these areas.Google is using AI techniquesto improve its inter services and guide self-driving cars, and other industrygiants are also investing heavily in AI though with the deepest pockets andthe most data to crunch, and Google can attra

44、ct the best researchersand most promising startups. lags behind Amazon, Apple, Google andMicrosoft when it es to voice-driven personal assistants; when it es tochatbots, it faces petition from Microsoft and a host of startups eager toprove that bots are the new apps.And its push into VR which Mr Zuc

45、kerbergsees as a stepping stone to “augmented reality” (AR), where information issuperimposed on the real world pits it against formidable rivals, too.Microsoft has jumped straight to AR with its HoloLens headset, its mostimpressive product in years, and Google, already active in VR, has invested in

46、Magic Leap, a little-known AR startup.但是在所有这些领域都有对手。谷歌正利用人工智能技术提升其互联网效劳、指引无人驾驶汽车，其他业界巨头也不惜重金投资人工智能，不过和谷歌钱袋最鼓、有最多数据可供分析p ，因此能吸引到最优秀的研究人员和最具潜力的创业公司。在由语音控制的个人助理领域，落后于亚马逊、苹果、谷歌和微软;而在聊天机器人领域，它的对手是微软以及诸多急于证明机器人是新应用的创业公司。虚拟现实领域被扎克伯格视作“增强现实”(AR)的踏脚石，AR即信息被叠加在真实世界上的技术。进军这一领域也让和强敌正面交锋。微软凭借其多年来最引人瞩目的产品HoloLens

47、头盔直接挺进AR，而在VR领域已非常活泼的谷歌已经投资了MagicLeap，一家鲜为人知的AR创业公司。The scale of s ambition, and the rivalries it faces, reflect aconsensus that these technologies will transform how people interact with eachother, with data and with their surroundings.AI will help devices and servicesanticipate your needs (Googles

48、 Inbo_ app already suggests replies to youre-mails).Conversational interfaces will let you look things up and get thingsdone by chatting to a machine by voice or te_t.And intelligent services willspread into a plethora of products, such as wearable devices, cars and VR/ARgoggles.In a decades time pu

49、ting seems likely to take the form of ARinterfaces mediated by AI, using gestures and speech for inputs and the wholeworld as its display.Information will be painted onto the world around you,making possible new forms of munication, creativity and collaboration.的雄心壮志及其面临的竞争反映出一个共识，即这些技术将转变人与人之间、人与数据之间、人与周围环境之间的互动方式。人工智能会帮助设备和效劳预测你的需求(谷歌的Inbo_应用已经能对如何回复