2018年度最新中考.英语完形填空-(附详解教师.).doc

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1、中考完型填空的中考完型填空的 6 6 个命题特点个命题特点一、重语境一、重语境完形填空着眼于整体理解，必须在对短文大意进行了解的基础上才能较准确地推知答案。因此，需要注意上下句的逻辑关系以及整篇文章的情节，尤其是在需要填连接性词语时更需要上下文提供的线索，把自己置身于情景当中进行填空，这样才能比较顺利且有把握地捕捉到正确信息。二、重实词二、重实词完形填空的命题是在一句话中的关键词语上做文章。这种词语大多是名词、动词、形容词、副词等实词，当然也不排除能左右文章内容的一些虚词，如介词、连词等。三、重首句三、重首句首句通常不设选项。这是因为第一句是核心句，是观察全文的窗口，对熟悉语境、确定时态、推测

2、文章大意等起着关键性的作用。如果设选项，就会加大难度，影响对文章信息的捕捉，使做题者陷入茫然。四、重快速领悟文章主旨的能力四、重快速领悟文章主旨的能力完形填空题的特点在于人为地设置了很多空格，使文章支离破碎、残缺不全，这就造成了理解上的障碍。需要考生跳过空格，快速领悟文章主旨。只有这样，才能保证思路连贯，在理解的过程中迅速抓住文章的中心意思。设空有一定的规律性。一般说来大都是均衡分布，各空之间的距离大致相当，通常是隔一定词数，留出一个空格，不连续设空。关系过于密切时，只设一个选项。如果两个相互依存，关系密切的单词或短语都设为选项，就会形成错一个等于错两个，对一个等于对两个的现象。五、重对文章的

3、整体把握能力五、重对文章的整体把握能力对文章的整体把握就是指根据文章的主旨，通过上下文暗示，对整篇文章、整个段落或整个意群的整体文意的把握。六、重考查排除干扰、完形词义的能力六、重考查排除干扰、完形词义的能力完形填空题中干扰项的干扰，一般与语法结构无太大关系，重在文意干扰。因此，只要把握了文意和具体的语境，通过对词义的辨析，一些错误的干扰项就容易被排除。My son Joey was born with club feet. The doctors said that with treatment he would be able to walk, but would never run ve

4、ry well. The first three years of his life was _1_ in hospital. By the time he was eight, you wouldnt know he has a problem when you saw him _2_. Children in our neighborhood always ran around _3_ their play, and Joey would jump and ran and play, _4_. We never told him that he probably wouldnt be _5

5、_ to run like the other children. So he didnt know. In _6_ grade he decided to join the school running team. Every day he trained. He ran more than any of the others, _7_ only the top seven runners would be chosen to run for the _8_. We didnt tell him he probably would never make the team, so he did

6、nt know. He ran four to five mile every dayeven when he had a fever. I was _9_, so I went to _10_ him after school. I found him running _11_. I asked him how he felt. “Okay,” he said. He has two more miles to go. Yet he looked straight ahead and kept _12_. Two weeks later, the names of the team _13_

7、 were out. Joey was number six on the list. Joey had _14_ the team. He was in seventh grade the other six team members were all eighth graders. We never told him he couldnt do it so he didnt know. He just _15_ it. 1. A. spentB. taken C. costD. paid2. A. talkB. sitC. study D. walk3. A. afterB. before

8、 C. duringD. till4. A. eitherB. tooC. thoughD. yet5. A. ableB. sorry C. gladD. afraid6. A. sixthB. seventhC. eighthD. ninth7. A. so B. ifC. thenD. because8. A. neighborhoodB. familyC. schoolD. grade9. A. excited B. tired C. pleasedD. worried10. A. think aboutB. hear from C. agree withD. look for11.

9、A. alone B. away C. almostD. already12. A. riding B. walkingC. playingD. running13. A. jumpers B. runnersC. doctorsD. teachers14. A. got B. kept C. made D. found15. A. madeB. playedC. had D. took【答案与解析答案与解析】文章讲述了 Joey 一出生便被医生认定不能正常地跑动，但是 Joey 的父母一直没有把这个情况告诉他。因此 Joey 就在这种毫不知情的情况下，凭借着自身的努力，终于如愿以偿地入选了校

10、田径队。1. A。联系此处的语境，再对照选项，可知这里应是“他生命中的头三年是在医院里度过的”。spend 有“花时间于，度过”的意思，并且 spend 还可做及物动词，所以放在此处，不仅符合此处的语境，而且也符合此句的语法结构。故答案选 A。2. D。根据前文中 The doctors said that with treatment he would be able to walk，可知医生认为作者的儿子在经过治疗后是能够走路的。因此可推出此处是“在他 8 岁时，当你看到他走路，你察觉不出他有什么问题”。故答案选 D。3. C。联系此处的语境，再对照选项，可知这里应是“邻居家的孩子在他们做

11、游戏时总是跑来跑去”。during 的意思为“在期间”，放在此处符合此处的语境。故答案选C。4. B。前文提到医生认为作者的儿子将不能正常地跑动，而后文则提到作者没有把这个情况告诉给他的儿子，因此 Joey 不知道。所以综合前后文，可知此处是“Joey 也跳、也跑、也玩耍”。故答案选 B。5. A。联系此处的语境，再对照选项，可知这里应是“他也许不能像其他的小朋友那样能够正常地跑动”。be able to do 的意思为“能够做事”，故答案选 A。6. B。根据后文中“He was in seventh grade the other six team members were all eig

12、hth graders”，可推知这里是“在七年级时他决定参加校田径队”。故答案选 B。7. D。前文提到 Joey 每天坚持训练，而且练得比其他任何人都勤，后文则讲述只有顶尖的七名选手能被选中，因此综合前后文的内容联系，不难得出前后文之间形成了一个因果关系，即 Joey 每天刻苦训练是因为只有顶尖的七名选手能被选中。故答案选 D。8. C。联系此处的语境，再对照选项，可知这里应是“只有顶尖的七名选手能被选中代表学校参赛”。故答案选 C。9. D。这里提到 Joey 每天坚持跑 45 英里，即使在他发烧的时候也没有中断，而前文提到 Joey 早在出生时就被医生认定是不能正常地跑动，所以根据逻辑思

13、维，作者作为 Joey的家长此时一定感到很担心。故答案选 D(from )。10. D。根据前文综述，再对照选项，可得出这里是在讲述作者决定在 Joey 放学后来找他。故答案选 D。11. D。 根据后文中 He has two more miles to go，再对照选项，可推知此处是“我发现他已经在跑了”。故答案选 D。12. D。 联系此处的语境，再对照选项，可知这里应是“他径直地看着前方，并且一直跑着”。故答案选 D。13. B。 联系此处的语境，再对照选项，可知这里应是“两周后，队员名单被公布出来了”，再因为 Joey 选择的是跑步运动，故答案选 B。14. C。根据前文中 We d

14、idnt tell him he probably would never make the team，再对照选项，可推知此处应填 make，即根据前文中的相同或类似表述可得出。再因为 make有“作为的一分子”的意思，放在此处，意思为 Joey 加入了田径队。故答案选 C。15. D。根据前文中“We never told him he couldnt do it so he didnt know”，再结合 Joey 入选校田径队的事实，可推知此处要表达的内容是“他确实参加了”，即 Joey是在一种毫不知情的情况下参加了田径队。take 的意思有“参加，加入”，故答案选 D。做完形填空的五个

15、注意点做完形填空的五个注意点1. 完形填空的短文通常没有标题且文章的首句和尾句，一般不设空，要特别注重对首、尾句的理解，因为它们往往提示或点明文章的主题，对理解全文有较大帮助。 2. 第一遍通读带有空缺单词的短文时可能一时把握不住短文内容，弄不清头绪，这是很正常的。此时要注意克服畏难情绪和急躁心理，应稳定情绪，再将短文读一、二遍，直到明确大意为止。 3. 做题时切勿一看到一个空格就急着选出一个答案，这样往往只见树木不见树林。由于缺乏全局观念，极易导致连续选错。因为完形填空不同于单个句子的选词填空，其空白处是位于一篇文章之中，因此必须纵观全文、通篇考虑。 4. 每篇完形填空所设的空多以实词为主，

16、所提供的四个备选项中只有一个是正确的，其他三项均为干扰项。而干扰项也多半与前、后的句子或词组可以形成某种搭配，即如单从语法角度判断则无法确定，还必须从语篇意义上加以鉴别。 5. 动笔时先易后难，先完成容易、有把握的答案，这样可以增强自信心，然后再集中精力解决难点。对于实在无法确定的，可以从文中同样结构或类似结构中寻找提示，大胆地作出猜测。Fashion not only in ClothesFor most people，the word “fashion” means “clothes”. But people may ask the question，“What _1_ are in fa

17、shion?” And they use the adjective “fashionable” in the same way: “She was wearing a _2_ coat.” “His shirt was really a fashionable color.”But of course there are fashions _3_ many things，not only in clothes. There are fashions in holidays, in restaurants, in films and books. There are _4_ fashions

18、in school subjects, jobsand in languages. Fashions _5_ as time goes. _6_ you look at pictures of people or things from the past, you will see that fashions have always changed. An English house of 1750 was different _7_ one of 1650. A fashionable man in 1780 looked very different from his grandson i

19、n 1850.Today fashions change very quickly. We hear about things _8_ more quickly than in the past. Newspapers, radios, telephones and televisions send information from one country _9_ another in a few hours. New fashions mean that people will _10_ new things, so you see there is money in fashion.1.

20、A. colorB. clothesC. foodD. money2. A. niceB. beautifulC. expensiveD. fashionable3. A. atB. byC. inD. with4. A. evenB. justC. onlyD. already5. A. changeB. changesC. are changedD. changed6. A. WhereB. WhenC. IfD. As7. A. onB. forC. withD. from8. A. veryB. muchC. tooD. quite9. A. inB. byC. toD. with10

21、. A. buyB. sellC. getD. use 【答案与解析答案与解析】1. B。根据首句“时髦意味着衣服”，很容易推测出要问的是“衣服”。2. D。根据上文“用同样的方法使用形容词 fashionable”，下文自然是含有 fashionable 的句子。3. C。根据下文中的 in holidays，in restaurants 等，运用语感感知法立刻就能锁定正确选项。4. A。上句“假期时髦、餐馆时髦”和本句的“学科时髦、工作时髦”之间是进一步说明的关系，因此，要选表示递进关系的副词。这四个副词中只有 even 表示递进关系。5. A。“时髦随着时间的推移发生变化”，属于客观事实

22、和普遍真理，因此，要用一般现在时(from )。6. C。“看过去的像片或物品”和“看到时髦总是在变化”是条件与结果的关系，因此，本句应选引导条件状语从句的连词。7. D。表示“与不同”，要用固定词组 be different from。根据下句中的 different from，运用就地发现法，也能立马锁定选项。8. B。从句子结构方面来看，这是一个表示两者进行比较的句型。根据语法规则“修饰比较级时要用程度副词 much”，就可以排除其他选项。9. C。此处是指“从一个国家，到另一个国家”。表达这一意思时，要用连词词组 from. to.。10. A。根据后半句“明白钱的时髦”，运用科学推理

23、法可知“只有买东西才能知道”，因此，应是“买新东西”。完形填空完形填空 No. 01The best way of learning a language is always using it. The best way of learning spoken English is _1_ in English as much as possible. Sometimes youll get your words _2_ up and people will not _3_ you. Sometimes people will _4_ things too quickly and you can

24、t understand them. But _5_ you keep your sense of humor, you can always have a good laugh at the mistakes you _6_. Dont be unhappy if people seem to be laughing _7_ your mistakes. Its _8_ for people to laugh at your mistakes than to be angry with you, _9_ they dont understand what you we saying. The

25、 most important thing for learning English is: “Dont be _10_ of making mistakes because everyone makes mistakes.” 1. A. listening B. talkingC. reading D. writing2. A. mixB. mixingC. to mix D. mixed3. A. likeB. knowC. helpD. understand4. A. sayB. talkC. tellD. speak5. A. ifB. whenC. sinceD. although6

26、. A. haveB. makeC. takeD. product7. A. atB. onC. inD. for8. A. goodB. betterC. bestD. well9. A. unlessB. becauseC. as soon asD. as long as10. A. sadB. worryC. afraidD. unhappy【答案与解析答案与解析】1. B。在听、说、读、写四个学习环节中，学英语口语最好的方法只能是“说”才合乎实际。2. D。宾语的动作由别人来完成时，补足语要用过去分词。3. D。“说不清，道不明”，听的人自然不 “明白或理解”说的是什么。4. A。这四

27、个词都有“说”的意思，say 着重说的内容，talk 强调两个人之间说话，tell 着重把一件事情传给别人，speak 着重说某种语言。“说得太快”指说话的内容而言，因此，选 say。5. A。“保持幽默感”与“嘲笑错误”是条件与结果的关系，所以本句是个条件状语从句。when 和 since 引导时间状语从句，although 引导让步状语从句，只有 if 引导条件状语从句。6. B。make a mistake 是个固定词组，意思是“犯错误”。7. A。laugh at 是个固定词组，意思是“嘲笑”。8. B。“嘲笑”与“愤怒”相比较时，要用形容词比较级。good 和 well 是原级，be

28、st 是最高级。9. B。“笑话你的错误或向你发脾气”与“不理解说的是什么”是结果与原因的关系，所以该句是个原因状语从句。unless 与 as long as 引导条件状语从句，as soon as 引导时间状语从句，只有 because 引导原因状语从句。(from )10. C。选 sad 和 happy 不符合上下文语境，也不合逻辑。如选 worry，意思上讲得通，英语中却没有 worry of 这个词组，要改成 worry about 才对完形填空完形填空 No. 02We should remember that we all learned our own language we

29、ll when we were children. If we could learn _1_ second language in the same way, it would not seem so _2_. Think _3_ what a small child does. It listens to what people say and tries _ 4_ what it hears. When it wants something, it has to ask _5_ it. It is using the language, talking in it, and thinki

30、ng in it all the time. If people _6_ use a second language all the time, they would learn it quickly. We learn our own language _7_ hearing people speak it, not by seeing what they write. We imitate _8_ what we hear. In school, though you learn to read and write _9_ to hear and speak, it is the best

31、 way _10_ all the new words through the ear. You can read them, speak them, and write them later.1. A. aB. an C. theD. /2. A. easyB. fastC. simpleD. difficult3. A. ofB. outC. overD. about4. A. imitate B. imitatingC. to imitateD. imitated5. A. ofB. forC. afterD. about6. A. couldB. shouldC. wouldD. ha

32、d to7. A. ofB. byC. onD. with8. A. whatB. whenC. whereD. how9. A. andB. butC. as well asD. as long as10. A. learn B. learns C. learningD. to learn【答案与解析】1. A。该题测试冠词的用法，用语法分析法。该句中“学习第二种语言”指的是除了母语之外的任何一种语言，并非特指，而是泛指，因此，要用不定冠词。这样就可排除后面两个选项，second 是以辅音开头的单词，又可否定第二个选项。2. D。该题用科学推测法。“按照学习母语的方法学习第二种语言，肯定不难

33、”，不可能是“不容易，学得不快，不简单”。3. A。该题用逐个排除法。回忆学习母语的方法，马上就能想起来，根本用不着思索(think out)，仔细考虑(think over)，这样就能排除中间两个选项。表示“考虑，对看法”时，think of 和 think about 可互换使用，表示“想起，记起”时，只能用 think of，这样又可排除最后一个选项。4. C。从语法上分析，表示还没有做的事情做宾语时，要用带 to 的动词不定式；从语境上分析，表示“尽力做某事，设法做某事”时，要用词组 try to do sth 来表示。 5. B。根据上半句“想要”，可推测出下半句是“不得不向要”，要

34、选一个能与 ask 构成表示“向要”意思的介词，这四个介词中，只有 for。ask for 是个固定词组，根据固定搭配法也能锁定正确选项。6. D。该题测试情态动词的用法，用语境推测法。“总是在用第二种语言”，一定是受外界条件影响的结果，属于客观条件逼迫着不得不怎么样，因此，要用 have to 来表示。7. B。根据句中提供的语境，“学习自己的语言”与“听说”之间，应选一个表示“依据，按照，通过”的介词。这四个介词中，只有 by 有此意思。从与 hearing people speak it 相并列的 by seeing what they write 短语，运用语感感知法，也能迅速锁定选项

35、。8. A。该题用语法分析法。hear 是个及物动词，需要接宾语，when，where，how 都是疑问副词，不能充当宾语。(from www.zkenglishlcom)9. C。该题用语境推测法。“读和写”与“听和说”是并列关系，应选表示并列关系的连词。but 表示转折关系，as long as 表示条件关系，都不能被选。and 和 as well as 都是“和”的意思，选 and 时要翻译成“读写和听说”，同时还得去掉原句中的动词不定式符号 to，显然不能被选。10. D。句意为“通过听力学习生词是最好的方法”。这是一个动词不定式短语作主语的句子，其中 it 是形式主语，指代后面的动词

36、不定式短语。完形填空完形填空 No. 03There have been many great inventions that change the way we live. The first great _1_ was one that is still very important todaythe wheel. This made it easy for man _2_ heavy things and to travel long distances. For hundreds of years after that, there were _3_ inventions that h

37、ad as much effect as the wheel. Then in the early 1800s the world started to change _4_. There was little unknown land left in the world. People did not have to explore much any more. In the second half of the 19th century many great inventions were made. _5_ them were the camera, the electric light

38、 and the radio. These have all become a big part of our life today. The first part of the 20th century saw more great inventions. The helicopter in 1909. Movies _6_ sound in 1926. The computer in 1928. And jet planes in 1930. This was also a time when a new _7_ was first made. Nylon came out in 1935

39、. It changed the kind of clothes people wear. Of course new inventions continued to be made. Man began looking _8_ ways to go into space. Russia made the first step. Then the United States took another. Since then other countries，including China and Japan, _9_ their steps into space. In 1969 man too

40、k his biggest step away from earth. _10_ first walked on the moon. This was certainly just a beginning. New inventions will someday allow us to do things we have never yet dreamed of.1. A. scientistB. artistC. musicianD. invention2. A. carryB. carrying C. to carryD. carried3. A. few B. a fewC. littl

41、eD. a little4. A. largelyB. differently C. greatlyD. freely5. A. BetweenB. AmongC. BeforeD. After6. A. inB. of C. onD. with7. A. mistakeB. productC. worldD. material8. A. forB. outC. afterD. around9. A. madeB. were madeC. have madeD. hade made10. A. ChineseB. JapaneseC. AmericansD. Russians 【答案与解析】1

42、. D。该题用语境推测法。根据首句所提供的语境伟大的发明，可推测出本句所列举的应是“第一项大发明”。(from )2. C。该题用语法分析法。本句中的 it 是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式短语 to carry heavy things and to travel long distances。3. A。该题测试不定代词的用法。invention 是可数名词，不能用 little 和 a little 来修饰，这样就可以否定后面两个选项。根据上下文所提供的语境，可推知：在车轮被发明之后到 18 世纪，车轮是最重要的发明，自然就是“几乎没有像车轮一样有影响的发明”，应选表示否定意义的

43、few。4.C。该题测试副词的辨析，应用语境推测法。根据上下文可知此句意为“19 世纪早期世界开始发生巨大的变化”。largely 是“主要地，在很大程度上”的意思，differently 是“不同地”的意思，greatly 是“很，非常”的意思，freely 是“自由地，不受控制”的意思。5. B。根据上下文语境，如选 Before 和 After，显然语句不通；between 指“两者之间”，也不能被选。6. D。该题测试介词的用法。“有声电影”指画面伴随有声音的电影，这四个介词中，只有 with 有“随着”的意思。7. D。根据下文提供的语境可知“1935 年生产出了尼龙”，而尼龙是一种

44、生产布匹的原料。8. A。根据下文的“俄罗斯迈出了第一步，美国紧随其后”，可推知上文是“人类开始寻找进入太空的方法”。这四个词组中，look for 意为“寻找”，look out 意为“小心，留心”，look after 意为“照料”，look around 意为“环顾四周”，只有 look for 才合乎句子要求。9. C。since then 是现在完成时的标志，意思是“此后，从此一直”。在这四个被选项中，made 和 were made 是一般过去时，had made 是过去完成时，只有 have made 是现在完成时。10. C。这是一道常识题。美国人首次登月是家喻户晓的常识。阅读

45、下面的短文，从所给的四个选项中选择最佳答案填空：阅读下面的短文，从所给的四个选项中选择最佳答案填空：Once upon a time, some children were playing at seaside when they found a turtle(海龟). They began to beat the turtle. Just at that time, a young man came and said to them, “Stop!” The children ran _1_ quickly. The turtle was very thankful and said, “T

46、hanks for your kindness. I really would like _2_ you to a wonderful palace now.”The young man rode on the back of the turtle and was taken to the secret palace in the sea. When he _3_ the palace, he was very surprised and said to the turtle, “What a nice palace!” To thank him, the king of the turtle

47、s gave him _4_. He had never seen such a dinner before. He received a warm welcome there and was very _5_ everything.After dinner, the king of the turtles said, “I am going to give you two boxes, _6_ you can open only one.” “You mustnt open both. Dont forget it!” the turtle warned him. “All right. I

48、 will open only one,” the young man promised(许诺). At this time, a large wave sent him out of the sea.After he _7_, he opened the bigger one of the two boxes. _8_ the box was full of gold. “My God!” he cried. “Im _9_ now.” Then he thought, “Things in the other box must be expensive, too.” He could not wait any longer. He broke his promise and opened the other box. As soon as he opened it, he became an old m