初中英语代词讲解.pptx

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1、代词的分类：代词的分类：英语中代词分为：人称代词、物主代词人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、指示代词、关系代词、疑问代词、连接代词和不定代词不定代词等等。1 1、人称代词：、人称代词：人称代词代替人和事物的名称代替人和事物的名称,分为主格和宾格主格和宾格两种形式。第一一人称单数 I me my mine 复数 we us our ours 第二二人称 单数 you you your yours 复数 you you your yours 第三人称 单数 she her her hers he him his his it it its its 复数 they them their the

2、irs第一第一人人称单称单数数第二第二人人称单称单数数第三人称单数第三人称单数第一第一人称人称复数复数第二第二人称人称复数复数第三人第三人称复数称复数阳性阳性 阴性阴性中性中性主主格格I(我)you(你)he(他)she(她)it(它)we(我们)you(你们)they(他们,她们,它们)宾宾格格me(我)you(你)him(他)her(她)it(它)us(我们)you(你们)them(他们,她们,它们)（1）、主格主格用来作句子的主语、主语、表语表语。如：I I often go shopping on often go shopping on Sundays.Sundays.Are Are

3、 theythey from Brazil?from Brazil?Where haveWhere have they they gone?gone?2）、宾格宾格用来作及物动词或者介词的宾语宾语。如：Who teaches Who teaches youyou English English this year?this year?Help Help meme!(救救我！)We often write letters to We often write letters to herher.(我们常给他写信)（4）、三个不同人称同时出现三个不同人称同时出现,或者主语中包含“我”时,按照“you

4、heI”youheI”的顺序表达的顺序表达。如：Both Both hehe and and I I are working at are working at that computer companythat computer company.5)、人称代词itit除了可以指人指物之外,还可以表示“时间、天气、温度、距离、情况”等含义,此外还可以作“非人称代词”使用,替代作主语或者宾语的不定式、动名词或者名词性从句。如：Whats the weather Whats the weather like today?like today?ItIts fine.s fine.(天气晴好)What

5、s the time?Whats the time?ItIts 12s 12：00.00.(12点)ItIts a long way to go.s a long way to go.(那可要走好长的路)ItIt took him three days took him three days to to clean his houseclean his house.2 2、物主代词：、物主代词：说明事物所属关系所属关系的代词,分为形形容词性和名词性容词性和名词性两种。第一第一人人称单称单数数第二第二人人称单称单数数第三人称单数第三人称单数第一第一人称人称复复 数数第二人第二人称复数称复数第三人

6、称复第三人称复数数阳性阳性 阴性阴性 中性中性形形容容词词性性my(我的)your(你的)his(他的)her(她的)its(它的)our(我们的)your(你们的)their(他们的,她们的,它们的)名名词词性性mine(我的)Yours(你的)his(他的)hers(她的)its(她的)ours(我们的)yours(你们的)theirs(他们的,她们的,它们的)（1)1)、形容词性物主代词形容词性物主代词只能作句子中名词的修饰语,后面要跟后面要跟名词。名词。如：Is that Is that youryour umbrella?umbrella?I often go to see I of

7、ten go to see mymy aunt on aunt on Sundays.Sundays.(2)(2)、名词性物主代词名词性物主代词相当于名词名词,既代替事物又表明所属关系,在句子中往往独立地作主语、宾语或者表语,后面千万不可以千万不可以跟名词。如：This is your cup,but where isThis is your cup,but where is minemine?(这是你的杯子,可我的在哪儿？)/Your classroom is very /Your classroom is very big,butbig,but ours ours is rather sm

8、all is rather small.(你们的教室很大,我们的相当小)(3)(3)、“of of+名词性物主代词”称为双重所有格,作定语时放在名词的后面。如：A friendA friend of mine of mine came to see came to see me yesterdayme yesterday.(我的一个朋友昨天来看我了)(指若干朋友中有一个来看我。)4.4.指示代词：指示代词：指示说明近处或近处或者远处、上文或者下文、以前或者远处、上文或者下文、以前或者现在的人或事物。者现在的人或事物。单数复数含义this(这个)these(这些)指较近的人和物that(那个)t

9、hose(那些)指较远的人和物such(这样的人/物)指上文提过的人和物same(同样的人/物)指和上文提过的相同的人和物it(这人/这物)指不太清楚是谁或者是什么时指示代词既可以单独使用做句子的主语、宾语或表语主语、宾语或表语,也可以作定也可以作定语修饰名词。语修饰名词。如：WhatsWhats this this?(这是什么？)That That model plane is made of model plane is made of plastic.plastic.(那只模型飞机是塑料做的)(被动句)Remember never to do Remember never to do s

10、uchsuch things.things.(记得永远不要做这样的事情)Do theDo the same same as the teacher as the teacher tells you.tells you.(按老师说的做)-Who is-Who is itit?(是谁？)-ItIts me!s me!(是我！)8 8、不定代词不定代词：代替或修饰不特指的人代替或修饰不特指的人或事物的代词或事物的代词叫不定代词。叫不定代词。复合不定代词复合不定代词有12个：something someonesomething someone(某人),somebody,somebody(某人),any

11、thing,anyoneanything,anyone(任何人),anybody,anybody(任何人),nothingnothing(没事),nobody,nobody(没有人),no one,no one(没有人),everythingeverything(一切),everyone ,everyone everybodyeverybody(每个人).由some,any,no,every,some,any,no,every,加上body,thingbody,thing 构成的,叫做复合不定代词,在句子中当单数使用。somebody,something,someone somebody,so

12、mething,someone 一般用于肯定句肯定句中；anythinganything,anybody,anyoneanybody,anyone一般用于疑问句、疑问句、否定句和条件状语从句中否定句和条件状语从句中。修饰修饰复合不定代词的定语复合不定代词的定语,应放在它应放在它们的后面们的后面。如：Hey,Lily.Hey,Lily.There is There is someonesomeone outside the outside the doordoor。(1)some(1)some和 any any 的用法：somesome一般用于肯定句肯定句中,意思是“几个”、“一些”、“某个”作

13、定语时可修饰可数名词或不可数名词可修饰可数名词或不可数名词。如：I have I have somesome work to do work to do today.today.some some 用于疑问句疑问句时,表示建议、请建议、请求或希望得到肯定回答求或希望得到肯定回答。如：Would Would you like you like somesome coffee with coffee with sugarsugar?(你要加糖的咖啡吗？)any any 一般用于疑问句或否定句疑问句或否定句中,意思是“任何一些”、“任何一个”,作定语时可修饰可数或不可数名词可修饰可数或不可数名词。如

14、：They didnt have They didnt have any any friends here.friends here.Have you gotHave you got any any questions to questions to ask?ask?any any 用于肯定句时肯定句时,意思是意思是“任何的任何的”。Come here withCome here with any any friend friend.(随便带什么朋友来吧。)(4)every(4)every和eacheach用法：everyevery是形容词,只能作定语修饰单修饰单数名词数名词,意思是意思是“每

15、一个每一个”,表示整整体概念；体概念；eacheach是形容词、代词,可用作主语、宾语、定语等,意思是“每个”或者“各个”,表示单个概念单个概念；each可以放在名词前,可以后跟of短语,与动词同时出现时要放在“bebe动词、助动词、助动词、情态动词动词、情态动词”之后之后或者行为动行为动词之前词之前6)other6)other、the otherthe other和anotheranother的用法：otherother意思是“另一另一”、“另一些另一些”,有复数形式。在句子中可作主语、宾语和定语。anotheranother意思是“另外另外”、“又一个又一个”,表示增加,在句中可作宾语和定

16、语。如：Some girls are singing under the Some girls are singing under the big apple tree and big apple tree and othersothers are are sitting on the grass talkingsitting on the grass talkingI want I want anotheranother four books.four books.anotheranother(另外的,再一,又一)与the otherthe other(另外的一个)主要从数量上区分,只有两个

17、时用the the otherother,在原先基础上增加用anotheranother。如：This is one of your socks.This is one of your socks.Where isWhere is the other the other one?one?I have eaten 4 cakes,but I I have eaten 4 cakes,but I still want still want another.another.othersothers与the othersthe others的主要区别：othersothers指“剩余的人/物”(指大部

18、分)；the othersthe others指“其余的人/物”,(指全部)。如：A few students A few students are playing soccer while are playing soccer while othersothers are watching themare watching themTwo of the ten boys are Two of the ten boys are standing andstanding and the others the others are are sitting round them.sitting ro

19、und them.(7)many(7)many和muchmuch的用法：manymany意思是“很多”,与可数名词复可数名词复数连用数连用；muchmuch意思是“很多”,与不不可数名词连用可数名词连用。它们在句中可作主语、宾语和定语等。如：I dont have I dont have manymany friends friends here.here.ManyMany died in the bus accident died in the bus accidentWe can learn We can learn muchmuch with the help with the help

20、 of him.of him.(8)few(8)few、littlelittle、a fewa few、a littlea little的用法：fewfew、littlelittle意思是“很少几个很少几个”、“几乎没有几乎没有”,有否定否定的意思,a fewa few、a littlea little意思是“有几个有几个”、“有有些些”,有肯定的肯定的意思；fewfew、a fewa few与可数名词连用或代替可数的事物可数名词连用或代替可数的事物,littlelittle、a littlea little与不可数名词连不可数名词连用或代替不可数的事物。用或代替不可数的事物。它们在句中可作主

21、语、宾语和定语。如：He is very poor and he has He is very poor and he has littlelittle money.money.(他很穷,几乎没有什么钱。)Dont worry.There is still Dont worry.There is still a littlea little time left.time left.(别着急,还有一点儿时间呢。)In that polar region there In that polar region there livelive few few people.people.(在那个极地地区几乎不住人)You can get You can get a few a few sweets sweets from himfrom him.(你可以从他那儿弄到一些糖果)