《基础英语》PPT课件.ppt

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1、基础英语课程一览表目录目录目录目录页数页数页数页数课时课时课时课时1.Unit OneUnit OneP3P26P3P2642.Unit TwoUnit TwoP27P58P27P5843.Unit Three3.Unit ThreeP59P96P59P9644.Unit Four4.Unit FourP97P131P97P13145.Unit Five5.Unit FiveP132P165P132P16546.Unit Six6.Unit SixP166P190P166P19047.Unit Seven7.Unit SevenP191P219P191P21948.Unit Eight8.Un

2、it EightP220P250P220P25049.Unit Nine9.Unit NineP251P274P251P274410.Unit Ten10.Unit TenP275P2P275P295954 PassageIAreYouReallyBeingInvitedAreYouReallyBeingInvitedUnit OnevvRelatedInformationRelatedInformationvIntensiveStudyvvPracticePracticeThecustomsofinvitingfriendsvaryfromcountrytocountry.Generally

3、speaking,onformaloccasions,the invitation is usually made well inadvance.But as for some informal cases,theinvitationisusuallymadeorally.Toeitherofthesetwo invitations,the person being invited shouldgiveaclearreplywhethertheinvitationisacceptedornot.Text-related informationTextIntensiveStudyDifficul

4、tSentencesImportantWordsIntensiveStudyAreYouReallyBeingInvited?Para.1Ifsomeoneasksifyouarefreeatacertaintimeandinvitesyoutoanevent,youarenotrequiredtocommityourselfuntilyouknowwhattheinvitationisfor.Forexample,ifyousaythatyourefreeandtheinvitationturnsouttobesomethingyoudhatetodo(atriptoalocalsighty

5、ouveseententimes),thenyouwillbeinapositiontotakebackyouracceptanceorinventanexcuselater.Ifthishappens,tellthepersonwhoinvitesyouthatyou have to check and that youll tell him or herlater.Ifaninvitationmustberefused,mostpeopleexpectareason.Thefollowingsequencewouldbeappropriate:apology,reasonforrefusa

6、l,thanksfortheinvitation.IntensiveStudyIntensive StudyPara.2Whensomeoneasksyoutohisorherhome,itisveryclearwhoistheguestandwhoisthehost,butinvitationstorestaurantsforlunch,dinner,coffee,adrink,etc.,sometimes present problems,and thecustomsvaryindifferentpartsoftheUnitedStates.Intensive StudyPara.3Inm

7、anyinstancesitistheinviterwhopays,as one would expect,but in some instances eachone pays his or her own check:You“go Dutch.”This is often the case with friends in informalsituations,such as“Lets go and get a beer”or“Want a cup of coffee?”In some parts of thecountry,however,some people like to entert

8、ainfriends by taking them to a restaurant for dinnerinsteadofhavingdinnerathome.Inthis case the host expects to pay and the guestmayoffertoleavethetip,whichmaybedeclinedbythe host.(If so,just let the matter drop.)If theinvitationisexpressedinfairlycasualterms,suchas“Letsgoto(nameofarestaurant)fordin

9、ner,”itmaybemoreofasuggestionthananinvitation,soyoushouldbepreparedtopayyourpartofthebill.Intensive Study Para.4Ifyouwanttoinvitesomeoneforamealatarestaurant,beexplicit:“Idliketotakeyouto”Americansshouldbeexplicitalso,buttheyoftenassumeyouknowthelocalcustomsinthematter.Askafriendsadviceifyouarenotsu

10、re.Intensive StudyPara.5Therearealsophrasesthatsoundlikeinvitationsbutinfactarenot.Peoplemaysaythingslike:“Wellhavetogettogethersometime”or“Youllhavetocomeoverandvisitussometime.”Youcanidentifysuchnon-invitationsbytheirgeneralitythereisnospecifictimementioned,andtheword“sometime”isoftenused.Theyareo

11、ftenritualexpressionsofparting.Ontheseoccasionsyoucouldrespond:“Yes,thatwouldbenice,”or“Idloveto”,orsomethingsimilar,andthenletthesubjectdrop.Iftheydonotcallyou,youcouldalwaysinvitethemforsomeoccasion.Intensive Study Difficult Sentences1.(Para.1).,youarenotrequiredtocommityourselfuntilyouknowwhatthe

12、invitationisfor.Example:Oncehestartsajobhewontstopuntilitsfinished.DontmoveuntilItellyou.the sentence pattern not.until.meansnotbeforeaparticulartimeorevent.在你尚未弄清楚邀请的具体内容之前，你没有必要答应一定参加。在你尚未弄清楚邀请的具体内容之前，你没有必要答应一定参加。Difficult Sentences2.Forexample,ifyousaythatyourefreeandtheinvitationturnsouttobesome

13、thingyoudhatetodo,thenyoullbeinapositiontotakebackyouracceptanceorinventanexcuselater.Example:Ifyoulistafewpriorities,thenyouwillbeinapositiontodothingsintherightorderofpriority.a relative clause used tomodifysomethingBeinapositioncantakeeitheraninfinitiveclauseoranof-V-ingphrase,thusbeinapositionof

14、havingtotakeback.canbealsorewrittenasbeinapositiontotakeback.比比如如说说，如如果果你你说说有有空空，而而邀邀请请参参加加的的却却是是你你不不愿愿意意做做的的事事 (到到你你已已经经去去过过1010次的当地景点旅游次的当地景点旅游),),那么你就可以回绝邀请，或者以后再编一个借口。那么你就可以回绝邀请，或者以后再编一个借口。This emphatic sentence takes thestructureof“itis.who/that”Difficult Sentences(Para.3)Inmanyinstancesitisthe

15、inviterwhopays.Example:Itwasmyunclewhosentmetheparcel.在许多情况下，应由邀请人付账单。在许多情况下，应由邀请人付账单。Difficult Sentences4.(Para.3).itmaybemoreofasuggestionthananinvitation.Example:Shesmoreofapoetthanamusician.thepattern,itismoreof.than.(与与其其说说不如说不如说).这样说更像是建议，而不是邀请这样说更像是建议，而不是邀请Important Wmitv.entrust,handover,mak

16、eoneselfresponsible使使承担（保证），使作出保证；把承担（保证），使作出保证；把交托给交托给IthinkIcancometonightbutIwontcommitmyselftillIknowforsure.Ifyouwanttobeanactoryouhavetoreallycommityourselftoit.Thegovernmentclaimedtocommititselftoimprovinghealthcare.Thepresidentsaidthatoncehehadcommittedtothiscourseofactiontherewasnogoingback

17、.FOREXAMPLEFOREXAMPLE Important Words2.inventv.discoverandcreatesomethingnew发发明明，设设计计，编造编造ThefirstsafetyrazorwasinventedbythecompanyfounderKingC.Gillettein1903.Thefaxisarguablythemostusefulmachinetohavebeeninventedsincethetelephone.Overthepastquartercenturyouradvertisingcompanyhasinventedthousandsof

18、catchphrases.Ididntinventthestory.EverythingItoldyouistrue.FOREXAMPLEFOREXAMPLEImportant Words3.appropriatea.proper,suitable合适的，恰当的合适的，恰当的Ididntthinkhiscommentswereveryappropriateatthetime.IvebeeninvitedtoherweddingbutIhaventgotanythingappropriatetowear.Herthinshoeswerentappropriateforsuchmuddypaths

19、.Herremarkswereconsiderateandveryappropriatetothesituation.Thisisntanappropriateoccasiontodiscussfinance.FOREXAMPLEFOREXAMPLEImportant Words4.instance n.certain situation,circumstance or occasion,caseorexample情况，情形，事例情况，情形，事例FOREXAMPLEFOREXAMPLETherehavebeenseveralrecentinstancesofplanestakingoffwit

20、houtadequatesafetychecks.Idontusuallysidewiththemanagement,butinthisinstanceIagreewithwhattheyresaying.Inthelocalindustry,forinstance,5000jobsarebeinglost.Important Words5.casuala.informal,notveryserious随便的，随意的，随便的，随意的，非正式的非正式的Itwasjustacasualcomment,Ididntmeanittobetakensoseriously.Thenewlawisinten

21、dedtodeterthecasualuserofdrugs.ForsomepeoplecasualclothesmeanashapelessT-shirtandoldjeans.Securityaroundtheconferencehotelseemedalmostcasual.Areyouemployedpermanentlyoronacasualbasis?FOREXAMPLEFOREXAMPLEImportant Words6.explicita.clear,definite清楚的，直率的清楚的，直率的SheilashouldntgetlostbecauseIgaveherveryex

22、plicitdirectionshowtogetthere.Shewasveryexplicitaboutwhatshethoughtwaswrongwiththeplans.FOREXAMPLEFOREXAMPLEImportant Words7.dropv.falldown,giveup,lower滴，落，下降，变弱，滴，落，下降，变弱，8.中断中断FOREXAMPLEFOREXAMPLEThebookdroppedfromtheshelf.Shedroppedthetraywithacrash.Dropyourvoicesshesinthenextroom!Thetemperatured

23、ropsatnight.Priceshavedroppedsincetherehasbeenmorecompetitionbetweensuppliers.Canyoudropwhatyouredoingandhelpmewiththisreport?Idontwanttotalkaboutitanymoreletsdropthesubject.1Answerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothetext.ReadandThink1Whatshouldyoudoifsomeoneonlyinvitesyou,butdoesntsaywhattheinvitati

24、onisfor?You should not feel committed untilyouknowwhattheinvitationisfor.Read and Think2Whatisthepropersequenceforrefusinganinvitation?It is:apology,reason for refusal,thanks for theinvitation.3Whatdoes“goDutch”mean?Itmeanseachpaysonesowncheckwheneatinginarestaurant.Read and Think4Whatisthekeywordin

25、theexpressionsthatsoundslikeinvitationsbutactuallyisnot?Theword“sometime”.PassageIOnlineGrowthContinuedOnlineGrowthContinuedUnit TwovRelatedInformationvIntensiveStudyvPracticeWaysforInternetConnection:There are several ways for Internet connection.Onecommonwayisdial-upconnection.Fordial-upconnection

26、,youneedacomputer,amodem,andatelephoneline.Text-relatedInformationISPistheabbreviationofInternetServiceProvider.ItprovidesservicesforInternetuserstogetconnectedwiththeInternet.BeforegettingconnectedwiththeInternet,anInternetusermustapplyforanaccountandapasswordfromanISP.Heorsheshouldalsogetitsdial-u

27、pnumber,theaddressesofitsdomainnameandofthemailserver.Text-relatedInformationNowyoucanturnonyourcomputer,startthedial-upprogramandgetconnectedwiththeInternet.Then you can use the browser toenjoy the world of Internet.You can alsosendorreceiveemailswiththehelpoftheemails.People can do a lot of things

28、 by browsingInternet,suchassharinginformation,transacting business and communicatingwithpeopleacrosstheglobe.Text-relatedInformation Text Difficult SentencesImportant WordsIntensiveStudy OnlineGrowthContinued Para.1Injustfiveyears,theWorldWideWebhasbecomeapowerfulnewmediumforsharinginformation,condu

29、ctingbusinessandcommunicatingwithpeopleacrosstheroomoracrosstheworld.Para.2 Everyday,about55millionAmericanslogonto the Internet to use email,receive news andinformation,orconductbusiness.Text Para.3 American Online Inc.(AOI)now claimsmorethan22millionmembers,upfrom2millionin1995.Andthenumberofitems

30、 listedforsale one-Bay,anauctionsite,increasedgreatlyfrom443000inearly1997tomorethan53millioninthefirstquarterofthisyear.Para.4Theonlineworldisincreasinglymergingwiththe“real”world,influencingnearlyeverysideoflife.Text Para.5Emailallowsfamilies andfriendsaroundthe world to communicate at a low price

31、 and morefrequently.Para.6TheInternetsabilitytoprovideaconstantflowofnewsandinformationhasspedupanalreadyfastpaceformostAmericans.Italsoallowsthemthefreedomtoshopandconductotherbusinessattheirownconvenience.Para.7These benefits,however,have not comewithout a price.Wired life has also brought aboutgr

32、owingconcernregardingprivacyandprotectionofidentitiesonline.Text Para.8Andaswithmostinnovations,thosewhohave less money and receive less education inAmericansocietyhavehadmuchlessaccesstotheWebanditsrespectivebenefits,creatingwhatsomecalla“digitaldivide”.Para.9Inspiteoftheseissues,therateofonlinegro

33、wth does not appear to be slowingdown at anytimesoon.Para.10Whatsfuelingtheonlinerush?Para.11 JonathanPalmer,anInternetexpertfromtheUniversityofMaryland,saidAmericaOnlineInc.hasbeenalargefactorinInternetgrowth.Text Para.12Thecompanys“abilitytobringtogetheraccess,content and selling in a fairly user-

34、friendlypackagehascertainlyspedupgrowth,”Palmersaid.Para.13AnotherfactoristhatlinkstotheInternetaresteadilyimproving,withbroadbandlinkssuchasdigital subscriber lines(DSL)and cable modemsprovidingspeedsunimaginableinthepast.Para.14Thisnewtechnology,originallyusedbyofficesandlargerorganizations,israpi

35、dlybecomingmoreavailabletoUScustomers(顾顾客客)intheirownhomes.TextDifficultSentences1.Injustfiveyears,theWorldWideWebhasbecomeapowerfulnewmediumforsharinginformation,conducting business and communicating with peopleacrosstheroomoracrosstheWorld.(Para.1)Analysis:Injustfiveyearsimpliesinthefiveyearsjustp

36、ast,andthe main verb of the sentence usually takes presentperfect tense.Across the room and across the worldaregivenheretoindicatethewiderangeofuseoftheInternet.Translation:在仅仅在仅仅5年的时间里，全球范围网已经成为一种新媒体，使人们能够从年的时间里，全球范围网已经成为一种新媒体，使人们能够从小到房间内大到全球范围分享信息、处理业务并相互流。小到房间内大到全球范围分享信息、处理业务并相互流。Example:Injustte

37、nyears,thevideophonehasbecomeapowerfulmediumforsharinginformationandcommunicatingwithpeople.DifficultSentences2.Andthenumberofitemslistedforsaleone-Bay,an auction site,increased greatly from 443 000 inearly1997tomorethan53millioninthefirstquarterofthisyear.(Para.3)Analysis:TheS-Vstructureofthesenten

38、ceisthenumber.increased,with listed for sale on e-Bay being thepost-modifierofthenumberofitemsandanauctionsiteastheappositionofe-Bay.DifficultSentencesTranslation:在在电电子子港港湾湾（一一个个拍拍卖卖网网址址）上上所所列列出出拍拍卖卖的的物物品品数数量量从从1997年年初初的的44万项猛增到今年第一个季度的万项猛增到今年第一个季度的5300万项。万项。Example:ThenumberofitemslistedforsaleonA,

39、anInternetshoppingsite,soaredfrom333000inearly1996toover40millionthisyear.DifficultSentences3.Thesebenefits,however,havenotcomewithoutaprice.(Para.7)Analysis:Herenot.withoutisadoublenegativestructure.Translation:然而，因特网给人们带来的这些好处也让人们付出了代价。然而，因特网给人们带来的这些好处也让人们付出了代价。Example:Thankyousomuchforyourhelp-Ic

40、ouldnthavedoneitwithoutyou.DifficultSentences4.Wiredlifehasalsobroughtaboutgrowingconcernaboutprivacyandprotectionofidentitiesonline.(Para.7)Analysis:Regardingmeansabout.Translation:在线生活也使人们越来越关注网上隐私和身份保护。在线生活也使人们越来越关注网上隐私和身份保护。Example:Thecompanyisbeingquestionedregardingitsemploymentpolicy.Difficul

41、tSentences5.And as with most innovations,those who havelessmoneyandreceivelesseducationinAmericansocietyhavehadmuchlessaccesstotheWebandits respective benefits,creating what some call a“digitaldivide.”(Para.8)Analysis:Aswithmeansinthesamewayas;haveaccesstomeanshavethepossibilityofapproaching,havethe

42、right to use or look at;creating is used as anaccompanying adverbial;what some call.is anobjectclause.DifficultSentencesTranslation:而且像大多数新事物一样而且像大多数新事物一样,美国社会中那些不太富有和教育水平不高的人上网并美国社会中那些不太富有和教育水平不高的人上网并分享其各种好处的机会要少得多分享其各种好处的机会要少得多,从而创造了有些人所说的从而创造了有些人所说的“数字分界数字分界”。Example:Aswithhisearlymovies,thespeci

43、aleffectsinhislatestfilmarebrilliant.Thetaxinspectorhadcompleteaccesstothecompanyfiles.DifficultSentences6.AnotherfactoristhatlinkstotheInternetaresteadilyimproving,withbroadbandlinkssuchasdigitalsubscriberlines(DSL)andcablemodemsprovidingspeedsunimaginableinthepast.(Para.13)Analysis:Translation:另外的

44、一个因素是与因特网的连接正在逐步改善另外的一个因素是与因特网的连接正在逐步改善,利用像数字订户线路以及电利用像数字订户线路以及电缆调制解调器等宽带连接提供了以前难以想象的高速度。缆调制解调器等宽带连接提供了以前难以想象的高速度。Example:Thedaywasbright,withafreshbreezeblowing.Usingcomputergraphics,youcancreateanythingunimaginable.DifficultSentencesImportantWordssharev.divideanddistribute分享，公用分享，公用FOREXAMPLE:Thef

45、ourstudentsshareonebedroominthedorm.Thekitchenissharedbythetwo.Hehatedtosharethecomputerwithanotherstudent.conductv.handle,undertake,transact,guide实施，处理，进行，引导，传导实施，处理，进行，引导，传导FOREXAMPLE:Weareconductingasurveytofindoutwhatourcustomersthinkoftheirlocalbusservice.Theexperimentswereconductedbyscientists

46、inNewYork.MayIconductyoutoyourtable,Sir,orwouldyouprefertohaveadrinkatthebarfirst?Thewayyouchoosetoconductyourprivatelifeisyourownbusiness!Copperconductselectricitybutplasticdoesnot.listv.writedownanumberofnames,items,things,etc.列出单子列出单子FOREXAMPLE:Theprofessorlistedallthebooksforustoreadduringthewin

47、tervacation.Mymotheralwaysliststhethingssheneedstobuybeforegoingtothemarket.Ihavetolistallthestudentsnamesonmynotebook.mergev.(ofbusinesscompanies)causetobecomeone合并合并,并入并入,结合结合,吞没吞没,融合融合FOREXAMPLE:Theydecidedtomergethetwocompaniesintoone.Thecountrystwobiggestbanksareplanningtomergeinordertofightoff

48、competitionforabroad.constanta.goingonallthetime,frequently不变的不变的,持续的持续的,坚决的坚决的FOREXAMPLE:Wekeptafairlyconstantspeedduringalltherace.Thefridgekeepsfoodataconstanttemperature.IvehadthisconstantheadacheeversinceIwokeupthismorning.Hesinconstanttroublewiththepolice.speedupv.increasetherateofmotion加速加速FO

49、REXAMPLE:Wehavesucceededinspeedingupourproductionratesinthelastfewmonths.Thisdrugmayhavetheeffectofspeedingupyourheartrate.Theeconomyshowssignsofspeedingup.Thetapespeededuptowardstheend.respectivea.belongingtoeachofthoseinquestion分别的分别的,各自的各自的FOREXAMPLE:Whenthemeetinghadfinished,theyreturnedtotheirr

50、espectivehomes.Theworkwasassignedtothemaccordingtotheirrespectiveabilities.raten.thespeedatwhichsomethinghappensorisdone速度速度FOREXAMPLE:Individualchildrendevelopphysicallyandemotionallyatdifferentrates.Theamountoflightavailablewilldeterminetheplantsrateofgrowth.fuelv.supplywithmaterialforproducinghea