英语被动语态的用法.ppt

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1、A.主动语态表示主语是动作的主动语态表示主语是动作的_。B.被动语态表示主语是动作的被动语态表示主语是动作的_。Weplantedthetree.Thetreewasplantedbyus.执行者执行者承受者承受者(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁是谁。e.g.Somenewcomputerswere stolenlastnight.一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。Thisbookwas publishedin1981.这本书出版于这本书出版于1981年。年。(不知道电脑是谁偷的不知道电脑是谁偷的)(2)强调动作的承受者强调动作的承受者,

2、而不强调动作而不强调动作的的 执行者。执行者。e.g.Thewindowwas broken byMike.窗户是窗户是迈克迈克打破的。打破的。Thisbookwas written byhim.这本书是他写的。这本书是他写的。1.Peopleuseaknifeforcuttingthings.Aknife_forcuttingthings.2.Thestudentscleanthewindowsoftheirclassroomtwiceamonth.Thewindowsoftheirclassroom_twiceamonth.isusedarecleaned3.Chineseathletes

3、wonmanygoldmedals.Manygoldmedals_byChineseathletes.werewonWespeakEnglish.主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语Englishisspokenbyus.主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语Theycleanedtheclassroomyesterday.Theclassroomwascleanedbythemyesterday.将来，城市会建造新医院将来，城市会建造新医院In the future,a new hospital will be built will be built in our city.明年几千棵树会被种在小山上。明年几千棵树会

4、被种在小山上。Thousands of trees will be planted will be planted on the hill next year.Theywillfinishtheworksoon.Theworkwillbefinished(bythem)soon.Myfatherwillnotpunishmeformymistake.Iwill/shallnotbepunishedbymyfatherformymistake.1.Wontwaterbe turnedintoicewhenitisbelowfreezing?2.-Willtheworkbe finishedato

5、nce?-Yes,itwill.Whenwillthesebooksbe published?Whomwillthisbookbe writtenby?1.Nobody_(allow)toenterthestadiumwithoutaticket.2.Children_(notallow)tomakeanoiseandupsetthecompetitors.Iftheydo,they_(takeaway)fromthestadium.Rules for the audience willbeallowedwontbeallowedwillbetakenaway3.Noanimals_(allo

6、w)inthestadium.4.Cheatingbyathletes_(notexcuse).They_(tell)toleaveand_(punish).5.Nosmoking_(allow),ifyouarediscovered,you_(fine).willbeallowedwillnotbewillbetoldexcusedwillbepunishedwillbeallowedwillbefined1.Thework_soon.A.willbefinishedB.hasbeenfinishedC.willfinishD.finishes2.I_ifIfinishtheworkwith

7、inoneday.A.shallbepraisedB.wouldpraiseC.willpraiseD.praise3.Thesefilms_untiltomorrowmorning.A.cantdevelopB.arentdevelopingC.wontbedevelopedD.wontdevelop4.Hundredsofjobs_ifthefactorycloses.A.loseB.willbelostC.arelostD.willlose5.Apartyisgoingto_tonight.Wouldyouliketogowithme?Idliketo,butIhavetolookaft

8、ermysickmother.A.organizeB.havebeenorganizedC.beorganizingD.beorganized6.Stamps_bypeopleforsendingletters.A.useB.usingC.usedD.areusedThePresentPerfectPassiveVoice现现 在在 完完 成成 时时 的的 被被 动动 语语 态态Look at the following sentence,pay attention to the underlined part.Example:Over time I have been changed a l

9、ot.Can you find out more than two sentences in the present perfect passive voice from the reading passage?1.I never forget anything I have been told.2.I have been used in offices and homes since the 1970s.3.I have been even put into space rockets.1.现在完成时被动语态肯定句句型：现在完成时被动语态肯定句句型：主语主语+have/hasbeen+过去分

10、词过去分词Hermotorbikehasbeenstolen.2.现在完成时被动语态否定句句型：现在完成时被动语态否定句句型：主语主语+have/has+not+been+过去分词过去分词Thetaskhasnotbeenfinishedyet.Manyworkershavenotbeentrainedinthecompany.句型：句型：3.现在完成时被动语态现在完成时被动语态一般疑问句一般疑问句句型：句型：Have/Has+主语主语+been+过去分词过去分词.?Hasanewcomputerbeenbought?HavetheybeensentabroadtostudyEnglish?4

11、.现在完成时被动语态现在完成时被动语态特殊疑问句特殊疑问句句型：句型：疑问词疑问词+have/has+主语主语+been+过去分词过去分词.?Wherehasthecarbeenrepaired?Whohavebeenhelpedbythenewcomputer?Howmanybuildingshavebeenbuiltinthisschool?3.现在完成时被动语态一般疑问句句型：现在完成时被动语态一般疑问句句型：Have/Has+主语主语+been+过去分词过去分词.?Hasanewcomputerbeenbought?HavetheybeensentabroadtostudyEnglis

12、h?4.现在完成时被动语态特殊疑问句句型：现在完成时被动语态特殊疑问句句型：疑问词疑问词+have/has+主语主语+been+过去分词过去分词.?Wherehasthecarbeenrepaired?Whohavebeenhelpedbythenewcomputer?Howmanybuildingshavebeenbuiltinthisschool?Thebuildings,destroy,earthquakeThebuildingshavebeendestroyedintheearthquake.Makingupsentencesusing presentperfectpassivevoi

13、ce:【即学即练即学即练】1.machinereplacecomputerThemachinehasbeenreplacedbythecomputer.2.newbridge,build,inourcityAnewbridgehasbeenbuiltinourcity.3.Manytreeshavebeenplantedalongtheroad.manytrees,plant,alongtheroad4.1.1.表示一个被动的动作发生在说话之前表示一个被动的动作发生在说话之前,强调对现强调对现在造成的影响和结果。在造成的影响和结果。The door The door has been lock

14、ed.has been locked.2.2.表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去,持续到持续到现在现在,并可能持续下去并可能持续下去,常与常与for for 或或sincesince引导的时间引导的时间状语连用状语连用,或用于或用于How long.?How long.?句型中。句型中。.用法用法:EXAMPLE1.Theimportantproblemhasbeendiscussedfornearlytwoweeks.2.Howlonghasthemachinebeenused?现在完成时的标志现在完成时的标志:recently/already/yet/fo

15、r+一段时间一段时间/since+时间点时间点【点津点津】注意注意1.只有及物动词才有被动语态只有及物动词才有被动语态,不及物动词不及物动词(词组词组)没有没有被动语态被动语态。例如例如:happen,takeplace,die,appear,disappear,fail,remain,lie,last,sit,stand,breakout,cometrue,belongto等。等。Whathashappenedtoyourbrother?2.但许多不及物动词加介词或副词构成的动词短但许多不及物动词加介词或副词构成的动词短语，相当于及物语，相当于及物动词，也可以有被动语态。但动动词，也可以有被

16、动语态。但动词短语是一个不可分割的整体，变为被动语态时词短语是一个不可分割的整体，变为被动语态时,不可丢掉构成短语的介词或副词不可丢掉构成短语的介词或副词。Thechildhasbeentakengoodcareofbyhisgrandmaalltheseyears.Anoticehasbeenputuponthewall.3.一些特殊动词一些特殊动词,如如borrow,finish,begin,buy,start,return,marry,open,join等构成的现在完成时的被等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应

17、的意思相应的意思,则需改换动词或时态。则需改换动词或时态。Mybrotherhashad(不能用不能用hasbought)thisbikeforalmostfouryears.Howlonghasthisbookbeenbought?()Howlongagowasthisbookbought?()用被动语态改写下列句子。用被动语态改写下列句子。1.Theyhaveopenedthreetrainingcentersinthiscitybynow.2.Wehavebuiltanewlibraryandagymnasiuminourschoolthisyear.A new library and

18、a gymnasium have been built in our school this year(by us).Three training centers have been opened in this city(by them)by now.3.Theyhavemadeaplantohelpthepoorchildreninthepoorarea.4.ThegovernmenthasspentalotofmoneyontheHopeProject.A plan has been made by them to help the poor children in the poor a

19、rea.A lot of money has been spent on the Hope Project by the government.改错改错1.Apersonalcomputerhasboughtbyus.Apersonalcomputerhasbeenboughtbyus.2.Manyproblemshasbeenfoundwithournewcomputer.Manyproblemshavebeenfoundwithournewcomputer.3.APChasbeenbuildedthewaywewanted.APChasbeenbuiltthewaywewanted.4.OurcomputerjusthasbeenjoinedtotheInternet.OurcomputerhasjustbeenjoinedtotheInternet.5.Thecomputerwasusedeverydaysinceweboughtit.Thecomputerhasbeenusedeverydaysinceweboughtit.6.Alotofe-mailshadwrittenonthecomputerinthepast5years.Alotofe-mailshavebeenwrittenonthecomputerinthepast5years.