英语修辞学(5修辞手段).ppt

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1、修修辞辞手手段段2)对衬/对偶(antithesis)Toerrishuman,toforgivedivine.(AlexanderPope)Deedsshowwhatweare;wordswhatweshouldbe.Rememberwhatshouldberemembered,andforgetwhatshouldbeforgotten.Alterwhatischangeable,andacceptwhatismutable.5.1 修辞布局修辞布局5.1.2结构的修辞布局（SchemesofStructure)5.1.2.2不寻常或倒置词序的布局1)词语倒装法(Anastrophe)Lo

2、ngtimethemanxomefoehesought./SorestedhebytheTumtumtree.(LewisCarroll)Timepresentandtimepast(T.S.Eliot)5.1 修辞布局修辞布局2)插说(Parenthesis)Itsagreatmistake,Ithink,nottoaccepttheirpro-posal.Theoldman,itissaid,wasanartistbutpeoplehardlyknowanythingaboutthissideofhislife.Thisman,asyouknow,isgoodfornothing.5.1

3、修辞布局修辞布局3)同位(Apposition)Theonlywaythattheycanpreservetheirhistoryistorecountitassagas-legendshandeddownfromonegenerationofstory-tellerstoanother.Noonenotasinglepersonsaiditsimportanttobeatleastaswealthyasthepeoplearoundyou,andifyouhavemorethantheydoitsrealsuccess.5.1 修辞布局修辞布局2)连词的省略(Asyndeton)Thisis

4、thevillainamongyouwhodeceivedyou,whocheatedyou,whomeanttobetrayyoucompletelyWeshallpayanyprice,bearanyburden,meetanyhardship,supportanyfriend,opposeanyfoetoassurethesurvivalandthesuccessofliberty.5.1 修辞布局修辞布局3)首语重复(Anaphora)Welearnedtodiagramsentenceswiththesolemnprecisionofscientistsarticulatingche

5、micalequations.Welearnedtoreadbyreadingaloud,andwelearnedtospellbyspellingaloud.Itrainedonhislousytombstone,anditrainedonthegrassonhisstomach.Itrainedallovertheplace.5.1 修辞布局修辞布局4)尾词重复(Epistrophe)Whereaffectionsbearrule,theirreasonis subdued,honestyis subdued,goodwillis subdued,andallthingselsethatw

6、ithstandevil,foreverare subdued.(ThomasWilson).thisnation,underGod,shallhaveanewbirthoffreedomandthatgovernmentofthe people,bythe people,forthe people,shallnotperishfromtheearth.(AbrahamLincoln)5.1 修辞布局修辞布局5)首词在句尾重复(Epanalepsis)The kingisdead;longlivethe king.Severetohisservants,tohischildrensevere

7、Blow windsandcrackyourcheeks!Rage,blow!Nicetoseeyou,toseeyou,nice.Beloved ismine;sheis Beloved.5.1 修辞布局修辞布局5)联珠/顶真(Anadiplosis)Sunthroughthesea/seaintheheart/heartinitsnoust/nothingislost.Minebethy love,andthy lovesusetheirtreasure.Havingpowermakestotalitarianleadershipisolated;isolationbreedsinsecu

8、rity;insecuritybreedssuspicion and fear;suspicion and fearbreedviolence.5.1 修辞布局修辞布局6)层进法/层递(Climax)Iamsorry,Iamsosorry,Iamsoextremelysorry.Eyehadnotseen,norearheard,andnothinghadtouchedhisheartofstone.Einsteinwasafairviolinist,agreatmathematician,andadeeplyphilosophicalman.Icame,Isaw,Iconquered.5.1

9、 修辞布局修辞布局8)对称/回环/倒复法(Antimetabole)Asknotwhatyourcountrycan do foryou,butwhatyoucandoforyourcountry.ImeantwhatIsaidandIsaidwhatImeant.Itisnoteventhebeginningoftheendbutisperhaps,theendofthebeginning.EastandWestdonotmistrusteachotherbecausewearearmed;werearmedbecausewemistrusteachother.5.1 修辞布局修辞布局10)

10、对同词根词的重复/叠叙法(Polyptoton)TheGreeksarestrong,andskillfultotheirstrength,Fiercetotheirskill,andtotheirfiercenessvaliant.Witheagerfeedingfooddothchokethefeeder.Notasacalltobattle,thoughembattledweare.Thouartofblood,joynottomakethingsbleed.Absolutepowercorruptsabsolutely.Whoshallwatchthewatchmenthemselve

11、s.Diamondmenodiamonds,prizemenoprizes.5.1 修辞布局修辞布局1)明喻(Simile):like,as2)2)隐喻/暗喻(Metaphor):beBeautywithoutvirtueisarosewithoutfragrance.1)Thepopulationmushroomedinthepostwardecades.2)Iwasallsmiles,lookingforwardtoapleasanthomeyevening.3)Apolicemanwavedmeoutofthesnakeoftrafficandflaggedmetostop.5.2 辞格

12、辞格(Figure of Speech3)提喻(Synecdoche):partforthewholeorwholefortheparta.用种代表类(种的范畴大于类)vesselship,weaponsword,creatureman,armsrifles,vehiclebicycle,flowerroseb.用类代表种breadfood,cutthroatassassin,steelmetal5.2 辞格辞格(Figure of Speechc.用局部代表全部sailship,handshelpers,roofshousesd.用全部代表局部ChinaChineseteam,yearspr

13、inge.用原材料代表成品silvermoney,canvassail,steelsword,boardsstage,silksilkcoat5.2 辞格辞格(Figure of Speech4)转喻/借喻/借代(Metonymy)a.用容器代表容器里面的东西bottlewine,wardrobeclothes,townpeopleinthetown,chairchairmanb.用工具代表使用工具的人或工具的拥有者penwriter,chalkteacher,gunssoldiers5.2 辞格辞格(Figure of Speech4)转喻/借喻/借代(Metonymy)c.用特征或特定环境

14、代表具有该特征的或该环境下的人或物cradlechildhood,gravedeath,crownking,theCrosstheChristianreligiond.用抽象代具体或具体代抽象brainmind,abeautyabeautifulwomanIhadthemuscle,andtheymademoneyoutofit.5.2 辞格辞格(Figure of Speech5)词类替换(Antimeria)6)折绕迂说(Periphrasis)TheSplendidSplinterhitwonmoreround-trippers.TheydonotescapeJimCrow;theyme

15、relyencounteranother,notlessdeadlyvariety.DisneysPollyannaislookingmorelikeanagingLolitanow,butitsperfectlyallright.5.2 辞格辞格(Figure of Speech7)拟人格(Personification)Heglancedatthedew-coveredgrass,anditwinkedbackathim.Iwasveryhappyandcouldhearthebirdssinginginthewoods.Thenightgentlylaysherhandatourfeve

16、redheads.5.2 辞格辞格(Figure of Speech8)夸张(Hyperbole)Ibegathousandpardons.ILoveyou.Youarethewholeworldtome,andthemoonandthestars.Whensheheardthebadnews,ariveroftearspouredout.Myleftlegweighsthreetons.5.2 辞格辞格(Figure of Speech10)反叙法(Litotes)Heisnotabadplayer.Oh,youthinkyouresospecialbecauseyougettoplayPi

17、cturePagesupthere?Well,myfiveyearolddaughtercoulddothatandletmetellyou,shesnotthebrightestbulbinthetanningbed.Dickwasawake.Hewasrathermorethanthat.5.2 辞格辞格(Figure of Speech11)轭式搭配(Zeugma)把适用于某一事物的词语顺势用到另外一事物上的方法。(正拈，反拈）Sheopenedthedoorandherhearttothehomelessboy.AsIlefthomeafterbreakfast,Ishiveredin

18、wardlyaswellasoutwardly.Theysawlotsofthunderandlightning.5.2 辞格辞格(Figure of Speech12)移就格(TransferredEpithet)有意识的把描写甲事物的词语移用来描写乙事物。一般可分为移人于物、移物于人、移物于物三类。Hesaid“yes”tothequestioninanunthinkingmoment.Thechildwasnoisyinthemorning.Hisstoriesachievednothingbutcheaplaughs.5.2 辞格辞格(Figure of Speech13)矛盾修辞修饰

19、法(Oxymoron)用两种不相调和，甚至截然相反的词语来形容一件事物。Nolight,butratherdarknessvisible.Thestateofthishouseischeerlesswelcome.Hishonourrootedindishonourstood/Andfaithunfaithfulkepthimfalselytrue.“MuchAdoaboutNothing”isjustthenameforyou.5.2 辞格辞格(Figure of Speech16)回文辞格(Palindrome)指顺读和倒读都一样的词、词组、句子或诗歌radarMadam,ImAdam.Risetovotesir.DidAnnasayasAnnadid?Fallleavesassoonasleavesfall.5.2 辞格辞格(Figure of Speech