英语四六级翻译transla.ppt
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1、题型介绍题型和分值n中译英(翻译句子的一部分)n翻译部分(5%)满分为36分评分原则及标准n四级四级Translation1.整体内容和语言均正确,得整体内容和语言均正确,得1分。分。2.结构正确,但整体意思不确切、信息不全或用词结构正确,但整体意思不确切、信息不全或用词不当,得不当,得0.5分。分。3.整体意思正确但语言有错误,得整体意思正确但语言有错误,得0.5分。分。4.整体意思完全错误,即使结构正确也不得分。整体意思完全错误,即使结构正确也不得分。5.大小写错误及标点符号忽略不计。大小写错误及标点符号忽略不计。解题技巧解题思路n1,首先根据语法判断待译部分在句中的功能,结构及形式,首先
2、根据语法判断待译部分在句中的功能,结构及形式,即在句中即在句中充当什么成分充当什么成分,用动宾短语用动宾短语,介宾短语还是名词性介宾短语还是名词性短语短语,是否要用从句是否要用从句,是否要倒装是否要倒装等等n2,注意注意选词应尽量贴切选词应尽量贴切,尤其要注意搭配是否正确尤其要注意搭配是否正确,不要混不要混用近义词和形近词用近义词和形近词.n3,翻译完成后再次通读句子翻译完成后再次通读句子,检查有无拼写,检查有无拼写,用词用词,语法或语法或逻辑错误,检查句子逻辑错误,检查句子(整句整句)是否完整,主谓是否一致是否完整,主谓是否一致,代代词和名词是否一致词和名词是否一致,是否遗漏了结构词是否遗漏
3、了结构词,介词等介词等,并进行必并进行必要的修改和润色要的修改和润色.种常考语法要点归纳种常考语法要点归纳.比较结构比较结构1).On average,it is said,visitors spend only_(一半的钱)(一半的钱)in a day in Leeds as in London.(half as much money)2)Americans eat_(两倍)(两倍)protein as they actually need every day.(twice as much)3)The number of the students in this city has _(增加增
4、加了了6倍倍)in comparison with 2001.(increased 6 times).用于表示用于表示“与相比与相比”的短语的短语1)Your losses in trade this year are nothing_(与我的相比)(与我的相比)2)(compared with mine/in comparison with mine)2)Since my childhood I have found that _(没有什么比没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力读书对我更有吸引力)(nothing is more attractive to me than reading)3)The
5、 trumpet player was certainly loud.But I wasnt bothered by his loudness so such_(而是他缺乏天分)(而是他缺乏天分)(asbyhislackoftalent)n.状语从句包括:包括:-asthough即使即使-hardly/barely/scarcelywhen(句子前半部要倒装句子前半部要倒装)一一就就(Hardlyhadwesatdownatthetable,whenthephonerang.我们刚在桌子旁坐下电话就响了。我们刚在桌子旁坐下电话就响了。)-nosoonerthan(句子前半部要倒装句子前半部要倒
6、装)一一就就(Nosoonerhadwesatdownatthetablethanthephonerang.我们刚在桌子旁坐下电话就响了。我们刚在桌子旁坐下电话就响了。)-nowthat既然,由于既然,由于sothat结果结果/以致以致-inthat因为,由于因为,由于-Incasethat/forfearthat/lest以防,万一,以免以防,万一,以免-Unless除非除非(才)(才)until直到直到才才-Whetheror不管是不管是还是还是-aslongas只要只要evenif/though虽然虽然/即使即使Examples:1)._(家也许很简陋)(家也许很简陋),theres n
7、o place like home,wherever he may go.(Humble as it may be)2)._(我们一到山顶)(我们一到山顶)than we all sat down to rest.(No sooner had we reached the top of the hill)3)._(既然你很熟悉作者的想法既然你很熟悉作者的想法),try reading all the sections as quickly as you possibly can.(Now that you are familiar with the authors ideas)4).Criti
8、cism and self-criticism is necessary _(由于他们能帮助我们找出和改正错误由于他们能帮助我们找出和改正错误)(in that it helps to find and correct our mistakes).5)Give me your telephone number _(以备我需要你的帮助以备我需要你的帮助)(in case I need your help).6)_(政府才能有效运行)(政府才能有效运行)unless it is free from such interference.(Government cannot operate effec
9、tively)7)The substance does not dissolve in water _(不管是否加热)(不管是否加热)(whether(it is)heated or not)8)_(要不是你们的帮助)要不是你们的帮助),wewouldnothavesucceeded.Ifithadntbeenforyourhelp.名词性从句名词性从句(主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句及主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句及同位语从句)同位语从句)1)In some countries,_(所谓的平等)(所谓的平等)does not really mean equal rights for all pe
10、ople.(what is called“equality”)2)_(给我印象最深的)(给我印象最深的)were her liveliness and sense of humor.(What impressed me most)3)Wecouldnt_(就该怎么办达成一致)(就该怎么办达成一致)agreeonwhatshouldbedone4)Thisis_(鲁迅曾经住过的地方)(鲁迅曾经住过的地方)whereLuXunusedtolive.定语从句定语从句1)A good many proposals were raised by the delegates,_(正如预料的那样正如预料的那
11、样).(as was to be expected)2)The British are not so familiar with different cultures and other ways of doing things,_(正(正如经常发生在其他国家的情形一样)如经常发生在其他国家的情形一样)(as is often the case in other countries)3)Im not accustomed to such luxury,_(它简直是它简直是浪费钱浪费钱).(which is just a waste of money)n分句关系代词只能用分句关系代词只能用tha
12、t,而不能用,而不能用which的主要情况的主要情况)当先行词是)当先行词是all,anything,everything,nothing,something,few,little,much,none,等不定代词时等不定代词时)当先行词被序数词)当先行词被序数词(thefirst,thesecond)或形容词最或形容词最高级所修饰时高级所修饰时)当先行词被)当先行词被thevery,theonly等词修饰时等词修饰时4)当先行词是人而且有当先行词是人而且有only,all,any等限定词时,其后用等限定词时,其后用作分句主语的关系代词通常用作分句主语的关系代词通常用that(Anyboytha
13、twantstosucceedmustworkhard.).虚拟语气虚拟语气)用于以下动词之后的)用于以下动词之后的that分句当中,分句动词用分句当中,分句动词用原型或者原型或者是是should+原型原型(order,command,demand,insist,maintain,request,require,ask,recommend,propose,suggest,move,desire,etc))以下形容词用于)以下形容词用于Itis+adj.+that结构中,从句动词用结构中,从句动词用原型原型或者是或者是should+原型原型(advisable,appropriate,desir
14、able,essential,fundamental,imperative,obligatory,important,necessary,proper,urgent,vital,proper,)3)用在以下名词之后的用在以下名词之后的that分句当中,分句动词用分句当中,分句动词用原型或者是原型或者是should+原型原型(decision,decree(法令,判决法令,判决),demand,instruction,order,requirement,resolution,apity,ashame,nowonderthat)用于宾语从句中)用于宾语从句中wish)用于某些特定结构中)用于某些特
15、定结构中,如如Ifonly,asthough/if,Itis(high)timethat是时候做某事了是时候做某事了(Itstimeyouwenttobed.)wouldrather+从句从句-wouldrather后接句子时,句子谓语习惯后接句子时,句子谓语习惯上要用虚拟语气,具体用法为:上要用虚拟语气,具体用法为:A.一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望,一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望,如如IdratheryoucamenextSaturday.我宁愿你下星期六来。我宁愿你下星期六来。Idratheryouwerehappy.我愿你快乐。我愿你快乐。B.用过去完成时表过去的愿望,用过去完成时表过
16、去的愿望,如如Idratheryouhadntsaidit.我真希望你没有这样说过。我真希望你没有这样说过。Idratheryouhadntdonethat.我宁愿你没这样做。我宁愿你没这样做。等等等等1)The professor required that _(我们交研究报告)(我们交研究报告)(we hand in our research reports)2)It is highly desirable that a new president_(被任命)(被任命)for this college.(be appointed)3)Somewomen_(本来能够本来能够挣一份很好的工资挣
17、一份很好的工资)inajobinsteadofstayinghome,buttheydecidednottoworkforthesakeofthefamily.(couldhavemadeagoodsalary)4)Butforhishelp,I_(我不可能这么我不可能这么早完成早完成)(wouldnothavefinishedsoearly)5)Thevictim_(本来有机会活下来本来有机会活下来)ifhehadbeentakentohospitalintime.(wouldhavesurvived)6)Itstime_(采取措施采取措施)aboutthetrafficproblemdow
18、ntown.(somethingwasdone/somemeasuresweretaken).倒装结构倒装结构)表示否定或限定意义的词或短语位于句首时)表示否定或限定意义的词或短语位于句首时a.seldom,rarely,never;b.Hardly/Scarcelywhen,Nosoonerthan;c.包含包含only的状语出现在句首的状语出现在句首;d.当包含当包含no的短语出现在句首的短语出现在句首,atnotime,undernocircumstances,innoway,onnoaccount,onnocondition,bynomeans,etc.)so,neither,nor引
19、导的句子承前表示同类情况时引导的句子承前表示同类情况时)地点状语地点状语位于句首,位于句首,动词是动词是come,lie,stand,walk等等1)Notuntilthegamehadbegun_(他才到达)(他才到达)thesportsaround.(didhearriveat)2)Ifyouwontagreetoourplan,_(他们他们也不会同意也不会同意).(neitherwillthey)3)Hehadunderstoodnothing,_(也没尝试着去也没尝试着去)understand.(nordidhetryto)4)OnlyafterIslappedhimontheback
20、_(他才发现他才发现我并高兴得叫起来我并高兴得叫起来).(didhenoticemeandshoutedwithhappiness).并并列成分列成分and,or,nor,but,notbut,bothand,than,notonlybut(also),eitheror,neithernorratherthan而不是而不是(insteadof)I think Ill have a cold drink rather than coffee.otherthan(常用于否定句常用于否定句)除除以外以外(except)Ill be going away in June but other than
21、that Ill be here all summer.我会在六我会在六月份外出月份外出;除此以外,我整个夏天都在这里。除此以外,我整个夏天都在这里。etc.1)Infact,PeterwouldratherhaveleftforSanFrancisco_(而不愿待在纽约)(而不愿待在纽约)(thanstayedinNewYork.)2)Innocountry_(除了在英国)(除了在英国),ithasbeensaid,canoneexperiencefourseasonsinthecourseofasingleday.(otherthanBritain)3)_(这两本书都不认为)(这两本书都不
22、认为)theopinionthatthedangerofnuclearwarisincreasing.(Neitherofthetwobookshold)nneitherof后接复数名词或代词,动词用单数和复数都可以,后接复数名词或代词,动词用单数和复数都可以,复数动词较正式。复数动词较正式。eitheror亦同。亦同。种常考词汇要点归纳种常考词汇要点归纳A.接不定式或动名词的动词及短语接不定式或动名词的动词及短语以下单词或词组后接动名词以下单词或词组后接动名词inganticipate,appreciate,consider,deny,dislike,enjoy,favor,mind,pra
23、ctise,report,resent,risk,keep,imagine/fancy,recall,defend,include,involve,justify(证明(证明正确;对正确;对解释)解释),advise/suggest,confess,admit/acknowledge,delay,postpone,putoff,excuse/forgive,miss,escape,avoid,tolerate,resist,giveup,dreamof/about,despairof(对(对丧失信心,感到绝望)丧失信心,感到绝望),objectto,feellike(想做某事想做某事),cou
24、nton(依靠依靠,指望)指望),succeedin,insiston,stickto,persistin(坚持做某事)(坚持做某事),perseverein(坚持)(坚持),lookforwardto,have(no)trouble/difficulty)in以下单词或词组后接不定式以下单词或词组后接不定式todorefuse,afford,agree,choose,claim,manage,offer,pretend,promise,sweartodo(发誓,承诺去做某事发誓,承诺去做某事),venturetodo(小心谨慎地去做某事小心谨慎地去做某事),guaranteetodo保证去做
25、某事保证去做某事,decide/determine/resolvetodo(决心去做某事决心去做某事),desire/hope/wish,expect,以下单词或词组后接不定式以下单词或词组后接不定式todo.但是但是to省略省略hadbetterdocannotbutdomay/mightaswelldo不妨做某事不妨做某事wouldrather/sooner1)Mr.Johnsonpreferred_.(别人给他重活干)(别人给他重活干)(tobegivenheavierworktodo)2)Shewouldappreciate_(收到来信)(收到来信)yousometime.(heari
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