英语复习阅读理解解题技巧课件.ppt

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1、高考英语阅读理解教程高考英语阅读理解教程公开课教案公开课教案阅读理解题的题型阅读理解题的题型1、事实细节题、事实细节题2、主旨大意题、主旨大意题3、推理判断题、推理判断题4、猜测词义题、猜测词义题各题型所占比重及命题趋势各题型所占比重及命题趋势2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 命题趋势命题趋势事实细节事实细节5 54 45 55 56 6题量平稳，需跨段题量平稳，需跨段搜取信息搜取信息主旨大意主旨大意5 59 93 33 32 2题量减少，解题时题量减少，解题时要进行综合要进行综合 归纳归纳 推推断断推理判断推理判断8 82 2101010109 9题量增多，难度加题量增多，难

2、度加大大猜测词义猜测词义2 25 52 22 23 3题量持平，趋于稳题量持平，趋于稳定定年年题量题量题型题型1.1.如何确定文章大意如何确定文章大意2.2.问题形式：问题形式：3.1)The main idea/key point/purpose/subject matter of this passage is that _.4.2)From the passage we learn/can conclude that _.5.3)The last paragraph is chiefly concerned with _.Tips:Not too general,not too spec

3、ific!Skills:Find out topic/key sentencesWhere is the topic sentence of a paragraphWhere is the topic sentence of a paragraphn nSometimes Sometimes the first sentence the first sentence of a of a passage is the topic(key)sentencepassage is the topic(key)sentencen nSometimes Sometimes the last sentenc

4、ethe last sentence is the is the topic(key)sentencetopic(key)sentencen nSometimes the topic(key)sentence is Sometimes the topic(key)sentence is in the middle of a passagein the middle of a passagen nSometimes you have to Sometimes you have to put several key put several key sentences together senten

5、ces together to get the main to get the main ideaidean nSometimes you cant find the Sometimes you cant find the topic(key)sentence in the passage.topic(key)sentence in the passage.You have to You have to sum it up yourselfsum it up yourself.A process is a natural series of actions and reactions that

6、 leads to specific results.All of us participate in a variety of processes every day.We digest our food,heal ourselves by making new skin cells,distribute resources through our bodies by breathing,and use our five senses.Natural processes go on all around us as well.Plants produce their own food thr

7、ough photosynthesis,storms build and move,volcanoes erupt,and fertilized eggs mature-the list seems endless.Which sentence best states the main idea of the paragraph?a.We all take part in many processes every day.b.Natural processes that go on around us include photosynthesis.c.A series of actions a

8、nd reactions that leads to certain results is called a process.d.Natural processes take place within our bodies.1 1 主题句常常是一个段落的开头，其后主题句常常是一个段落的开头，其后的句子则是论证细节。在的句子则是论证细节。在说明文，科技说明文，科技文献和新闻报道文献和新闻报道中多采用这种格式。中多采用这种格式。主题句主题句论证论证 1 1论证论证 2 2论证论证 3 3In the United States,old people who no longer have an in

9、come or who suffer from a loss of physical abilities are often forced to give up living alone.They must leave their homes and depend on someone else to give them a place to live and to take care of their physical needs:they must either live with relatives or live in homes for the aged.This loss of i

10、ndependence is a major problem for the aged.Which of the following best expresses the main idea?A.Old people in the United States who are poor or sick cannot live alone.B.Being unable to live alone is a serious problem for old people in the United States.C.Old people who are poor or sick should live

11、 with their relatives,not in homes for the aged.D.In the United States,old people who are poor are sick are forced to live in homes for the aged.2 2 主题句也会出现在段尾。作者先摆出事实主题句也会出现在段尾。作者先摆出事实依据依据,层层推理论证层层推理论证,最后自然得出结论最后自然得出结论,即即段落的主题。段落的主题。列举事实列举事实层层推理层层推理结论结论“HowwillitplayinPeoria?”Thisquestionwasaskedin

12、theUnitedStatesinthe1920swhensingers,dances,andotherentertainersperformedintravelingmusicalshow.PerformersthoughtthatifthecitizensofatypicalU.S.townsuchasPeoria,Illinois,likedtheirshowitwouldprobablybepopularacrossthecountry.IfPeoriansdislikedit,theentertainersbelievedtheshowwouldfail.This“Peoriates

13、t”isstillappliedtothepeopleofthestateofIllinois.Illinoisanslikesanddislikesseemtomirrorthoseofpeopleacrosstheland.PerhapsthisistruebecauseofIllinoiscentrallocation;itisacrossroadsbetweeneastandwest,northandsouth.OrperhapsitisbecauseIllinoisanscomefromsuchdifferentbackgroundsandfollowsuchawidevariety

14、oflifestyles.Which sentence best states the main idea of the paragraph?a.IllinoisislocatedinthecentralpartoftheUnitedStates.b.Illinoisanscomefromdifferentbackgrounds.c.The“Peoriatest”isthenameofafamousshow.d.IllinoisansopinionsseemtomirrorthebeliefsofpeoplethroughouttheUnitedStates.3 3 当主题句被安排在段中间时当

15、主题句被安排在段中间时,作者往往从作者往往从具体的事例谈起具体的事例谈起,随之归纳出主题随之归纳出主题,然后再然后再围绕这一主题展开讨论围绕这一主题展开讨论,使立论更加清楚使立论更加清楚,具有很强的说服力具有很强的说服力。具体事例归纳主题深入讨论 All communication is a two-way process involving a speaker or writer and listeners or readers(the audience).In written communication,because the audience is not present,the aud

16、ience is easy to ignore.However,the kind of audience you write for determines what you write and how you write.In describing the World Series baseball championship to a British reader,you would have to include definitions,explanations,and facts that a reader in the United States would not need.Simil

17、arly,if you write about cricket(a British sport)for an audience in the United States,you would need to include a lot of basic information.Which sentence best states the main idea of the paragraph?a.Communication is a process that involves speakers and writers.b.British readers would need special inf

18、ormation to understand an article on the World Series.c.Listeners and readers are called the audience.d.It is important to consider your audience when you write.主旨题的解题技巧主旨题的解题技巧*着重理解首末段着重理解首末段,首末句首末句*主旨在文章中间的情况主旨在文章中间的情况(非文首文尾非文首文尾),遇到文章前后段意遇到文章前后段意思转折思转折,提高警惕提高警惕 主旨题的注意事项主旨题的注意事项:*段落中出现转折时段落中出现转折时,

19、该句很可能是主题句该句很可能是主题句*作者有意识的反复重复的观点通常是主旨作者有意识的反复重复的观点通常是主旨*首段出现疑问句时首段出现疑问句时,对该问题的解答就是文章主旨对该问题的解答就是文章主旨*提出文章主旨时常伴有的文字提示提出文章主旨时常伴有的文字提示:therefore,thus,but,however,inshort等等等等 正确选项特点正确选项特点:不出现细节信息不出现细节信息;不含过分肯定或绝对意义的词不含过分肯定或绝对意义的词干扰项特点干扰项特点:细节信息明显细节信息明显;过于笼统过于笼统 The common cold is the worlds most widespre

20、ad illness,Which is a plague(疫病疫病)that flesh receives.The most widespread mistake of all is that colds are caused by cold.They are not.They are caused by viruses(病毒病毒)passing on from person to person.You catch a cold by coming into contact with someone who already has one.If cold causes colds,it wou

21、ld be reasonable to expect the Eskimos to suffer from them forever.But they do not.The passage mainly discusses_ A.the experiments on the common cold B.the mistaken idea about common cold C.the reason and way people catch cold D.the continued spread of common cold Some plants have relative immunity

22、to a great many diseases,while others have a susceptibility to them.A blight（萎菌病）（萎菌病）may be but a local infection easily controlled;on the other hand it can attack particular plants in a whole region or nation.An example is the blight which killed virtually every chestnut tree in North America.Anot

23、her is the famous potato blight in Ireland in the last century.As a result of that,it was estimated that one million people died of starvation and related ailments.whatisthemainideaofthisparagraph?A.SomeplantshaverelativeimmunitytoagreatmanydiseasesB.someotherplantshaveasusceptibilitytoagreatmanydis

24、easesC.thetoleranceofaparticularplantchangesasthegrowingconditionschangeD.ablightcanbeanationalinfection.2 2 如何寻找最佳标题如何寻找最佳标题常见设问方式：常见设问方式：Whats the best title/headline for the passage?Title标题是段落中心思想的精练表达形式标题是段落中心思想的精练表达形式主题句的功能：介绍主题主题句的功能：介绍主题(topic)和阐述控制概念和阐述控制概念(controllingidea)有明确主题句的段落标题拟定的方式是：

25、有明确主题句的段落标题拟定的方式是：核心词不动，其他词意义浓缩核心词不动，其他词意义浓缩例：例：Smokingcigarettescanbeanexpensivehabit.主题：主题：smokingcigarettes控制概念：控制概念：canbeanexpensivehabit标题：标题：TheExpensiveHabitofSmokingCigarettes标题的特点：标题的特点：强调主题，清楚简明，有意义，能吸引读者注意力，有新强调主题，清楚简明，有意义，能吸引读者注意力，有新鲜感鲜感 The Man of Many Secrets-Harry Houdini-was one of t

26、he greatest American entertainers in the theatres in the last century.He was a man famous for his escapes-from prison cells,from wooden boxes floating in rivers,from locked tanks full of water.He appeared in theaters all over Europe and America.Crowds came to see the great Houdini and his“magic”tric

27、ks.Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A.AskeletonKeyB.AManofManySecretsC.World-wideFameD.GreatEscapesThere is a simple economic principle used to determine prices.It is called the law of supply and demand.Supply means the amount of,or access to,certain goods.Demand represents t

28、he number of people who want those goods.If there are more goods than wanted,the price of them falls.On the other hand,if the demand for those goods is much greater than the supply,then price rises.Of course manufacturers prefer to sell more goods at increased prices.The best title is_ A)Economic Principles B)Law of Supply and Demand C)More Goods,Lower Prices D)Fewer Goods,Higher Prices