语料库研究基本方法.ppt

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1、语料库研究基本方法中国外语教育研究中心 梁茂成321主要内容语料库语言学的性质语料库语言学的性质几个常用术语几个常用术语语料库研究的基本方法语料库研究的基本方法321语料库语言学的性质1理性主义与经验主义理性主义与经验主义Rationalism:I think therefore I am.Empiricism:My mind is a blank slate.Seeing is believing.321语料库语言学的性质1the Wax Argument:He considers a piece of wax;his senses inform him that it has certai

2、n characteristics,such as shape,texture,size,color,smell,and so forth.When he brings the wax towards a flame,these characteristics change completely.However,it seems that it is still the same thing:it is still a piece of wax,even though the data of the senses inform him that all of its characteristi

3、cs are different.321语料库语言学的性质the Wax Argument:Therefore,in order to properly grasp the nature of the wax,he cannot use the senses.He must use his mind.Descartes concludes:“And so something which I thought I was seeing with my eyes is in fact grasped solely by the faculty of judgment which is in my m

4、ind.1321语料库语言学的性质Empiricism:Empiricism emphasizes those aspects of scientific knowledge that are closely related to evidence,especially as discovered in experiments.It is a fundamental part of the scientific method that all hypotheses and theories must be tested against observations of the natural w

5、orld,rather than resting solely on reasoning and intuition.1321语料库语言学的性质Science is considered to be methodologically empirical in nature.Corpus linguistics is empirical in nature.1321语料库语言学的性质语言研究中的数据类型语言研究中的数据类型内省数据（内省数据（introspective data）:rationalism实验数据（实验数据（experimental data）:empiricism真实数据（真实数

6、据（anthentic data）:empricism1321语料库语言学的性质语料库语言学提倡真实数据语料库语言学提倡真实数据我们不排斥其他数据类型我们不排斥其他数据类型1321语料库语言学的性质即便在语料库语言学阵营之中即便在语料库语言学阵营之中Corpus-driven:minimum theory-reliance.Exclusive reliance on corpus data for all theoriesCorpus-based:Reliance on corpus data for hypothesis-testingCorpus-referenced/informed:O

7、ccasionally resorting to corpus data for illustrations 1321语料库语言学的性质我们坚决反对不顾语言事实的任何论断我们坚决反对不顾语言事实的任何论断No introspection can claim credence without verification through real language data(Teubert 2005).1321几个常用术语2CorpusCorpus linguistics321几个常用术语Token,type,lemmaThe little boy looked at the other boys.

8、2321几个常用术语Collocation is defined as a sequence of words which co-occur more often than would be expected by chance.a big smoker a strong smoker a hard smoker a heavy smoker a furious smoker 2321几个常用术语It is quite possible,in fact,to describe a woman as handsome.However,this implies that she is not be

9、autiful at all in the traditional sense of female beauty,but rather that she is mature in age,has large features and a certain strength of character.Similarly,a man could be described as beautiful,but this would usually imply that he had feminine features.2321几个常用术语Colligation is defined as a sequen

10、ce of grammatical categories which co-occur more often than would be expected by chance.2321几个常用术语Semantic prosody is instantiated when a word such as CAUSE co-occurs regularly with words that share a given meaning or meanings,and then acquires some of the meaning(s)of those words as a result.This a

11、cquired meaning is known as semantic prosody.(Stewart 2010)2321语料库研究的基本方法3Corpus-based approach:a hypothesis-testing approachCorpus-driven approach:with as“few preconceived ideas”as possible,“keeping the amount of theory-reliance to a minimum in order not to hinder the process of discovering new phe

12、nomena”(Rmer 2005)321语料库研究的基本方法Both approaches almost always involve a comparion of some kind.3321语料库研究的基本方法Sizes of corpora in comparison(Rayson 2003)Small bigEqual sizes3321语料库研究的基本方法Types of comparisonAcross genresAcross usersAcross different timesAcross(varieties of)language(s)3321语料库研究的基本方法Corp

13、us comparability3321语料库研究的基本方法Linguistic features in corpus comparisonLexicalLexico-grammaticalSyntacticDiscoursal3321语料库研究的基本方法Statistic tests in corpus comparisonSimple:Relationship(correlation,etc)Difference(chi-square,loglikelihood,etc.)Complicated:regression analysis,factor analysis,cluster analysis,correspondence analysis3321语料库研究的基本方法语语料料库库研究问题研究问题研究设计研究设计软件软件统计检验统计检验结结论论?参参照照语语料料库库对比对比结果：结果：词汇词汇短语短语搭配搭配语义韵语义韵类联接类联接句式句式等等数据呈现数据呈现数据分析、解释与讨论数据分析、解释与讨论3321内容55Thank you.