研究生英语综合教程(下)Unit.ppt

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1、高等院校研究生英语系列教材综合教程（下）综合教程（下）INTEGRATED COURSE2Sports in Society Unit 2 Content Starting out Reading Focus Reading More Practical Translation Focused Writing Final ProjectTask 1TakethequizonPage 32andlearnmoreaboutsports.Starting outStarting out1.InwhatyearwerewomenfirstallowedtocompeteintheOlympicGam

2、es?A.1800.B.1850.C.1900.Starting outTask 1Starting outTask 1Key:C2.Wherewasthe2006WorldCupheld?A.InGermany.B.InSouthAfrica.C.InFrance.Starting outTask 1Starting outTask 1Key:A3.WhatarethethreemostpopularsportsintheUnitedStates?A.Football,baseball,andbasketball.B.Football,soccer,andbasketball.C.Footb

3、all,hockey,andbasketball.Starting outTask 1Starting outTask 1Key:A4.WhatdoesAFCstandfor?Starting outTask 1Starting outTask 1Key:AmericanFootballConference5.WhatisthechampionshipgameofprofessionalUSfootball?A.TheSuperBowl.B.TheBigBowl.C.TheGreatBowl.Starting outTask 1Starting outTask 1Key:A6.Whatwast

4、hefirstsportseventtobetelecastlive?A.The1972NBAfinals.B.The1936BerlinOlympics.C.The1962WorldCup.Starting outTask 1Starting outTask 1Key:B7.WhichsportisgovernedbyasetofrulesknownastheQueensberryrules?A.Boxing.B.Cricket.C.Shooting.Starting outTask 1Starting outTask 1Key:A8.Whichofthefollowingisessenti

5、allyanindoorsport?A.Cricket.B.Gymnastics.C.Golf.Starting outTask 1Starting outTask 1Key:B9.Inwhichcountrywasgolffirstplayed?A.Scotland.B.France.C.Thailand.Starting outTask 1Starting outTask 1Key:A10.Fromwhatwoodarecricketbatsusuallymade?A.Maple.B.Willow.C.Pine.Starting outTask 1Starting outTask 1Key

6、:B11.Whichsportiscalled“thesportofkings”?A.Golf.B.Horseracing.C.Surfing.Starting outTask 1Starting outTask 1Key:B12.WhenwasasafetycarfirstusedinFormula1?A.In1993.B.In1985.C.In1973.Starting outTask 1Starting outTask 1Key:CTask 2 Look at these newspaper headlines.Discuss in pairs what you would expect

7、 to read in the storiesthat accompany them.(P33)Starting outTask 2Starting outTask 21.Footballer Faces Suspension After Attack on SpectatorSample:Starting outTask 2Starting outTask 2EricCantona,theManchesterUnitedstriker,willprobablybesuspendedfortherestoftheseasonafterheattackedaspectatorduringthem

8、atchagainstCrystalPalaceatSelhurstParklastnight.TheincidenthappenedmomentsafterCantonahadbeensentoffforkickinganotherplayer,hissixthsend-offin16months.Ashewalkedoffthefield,aspectatorwasseenrunningdownagangwayfromsome20rowsback,apparentlytoshoutabuseatCantona,whosuddenlyturned,jumpedoverthewallandki

9、ckedoutattheman,andthenpunchedhim.2.Olympic Champion Swimmer Apologizes for Marijuana Pipe PhotoSample:TheOlympicswimmingstarMichaelPhelpsquicklyacknowledgedhispoorjudgmentafteraphotographshowinghiminhalingfromamarijuanapipewaspublishedSundayinanEnglishnewspaper.Althoughhisadmissionisunlikelytoaffec

10、thisswimmingeligibility,itcouldaffectthemillionsofdollarshehadsecuredinendorsementdeals.InastatementreleasedSundaybyhismarketingagency,Octagon,Phelps,whowonarecordeightgoldmedalsattheBeijingOlympics,didnotchallengethelegitimacyofthephotographpublishedbythetabloidNews of the World.Starting outTask 2S

11、tarting outTask 23.“Own Goal”Defender Shot Dead Outside RestaurantSample:Starting outTask 2Starting outTask 2AColombianfootballerwasshotdeadyesterdaybyangryfanswhoblamedhimfortheirsidesearlyexitfromtheWorldCup.AndresEscobar,adefenderwhoscoredanowngoalduringhissidesdefeatbytheUnitedStatesteam,wasconf

12、rontedbyagroupofmenasheleftarestaurantinMedellin,200kilometersfromBogota.Afteranargumentabouthispoorperformance,theyfired12bullets.OneofthegunmenisreportedtohavesaidtoEscobarbeforetheshooting,“Thankyoufortheowngoal.”4.Wimbledon Pays Equal Prize MoneySample:Starting outTask 2Starting outTask 2TheWimb

13、ledonChampionshipswillofferwomenandmenequalprizemoneyatthisyearstournamentforthefirsttime.TheannouncementbytheAllEnglandClubbringsthetournamentintolinewithotherGrandSlams,followingcriticismfromofficialsandplayers.WimbledonjoinstheUnitedStatesandAustraliainpayingequalmoneytowomenandmenacrosstheboard,

14、fromthechampionsdowntothefirst-roundlosersinallevents.TheFrenchOpenoffersthesamecheckonlytothechampions.Task 3 Look at the following cartoons carefully,and discuss in groups the message in each cartoon.(P33)Starting outTask 3Starting outTask 3 Starting outTask 3Starting outTask 3Sample:Theuseofsport

15、asasettingforadvertisingproductsiscommoninmanycountries.Feesfromcorporatesponsorsareoftenusedtosupportamateurathletes,events,andtheadministrativestructuresofsportsorganizations.Starting outTask 3Starting outTask 3Sample:Likethegreedygolfer,mostpeopleassumethatthecashrewardsforprofessionalathletesare

16、asourceofmotivation.However,oneofthedangersofcommercialsportsisthattheyfocustoomuchonexternalrewardsratherthantheintrinsicsatisfactionofparticipation.Starting outTask 3Starting outTask 3Sample:Femaleathleteshavetraditionallybeenexcludedordiscouragedfromparticipatinginmanysports.Statisticsshowthatglo

17、balcollegiateinstitutionsonlyspend24%oftheirathleticoperatingbudgets,16%oftheirrecruitingbudgetsand33%oftheirscholarshipbudgetsonfemaleathletes.Moreover,lessthan1%ofallcoachesofmensteamsandlessthan46%ofallcoachesofwomensteamsarefemale.Eveniffemaleathleteswinatthegames,theymayreceivelessprizemoneyors

18、cholarshipsandlessmediacoveragethanmaleathletes.Starting outTask 3Starting outTask 3Sample:Inheavycontactsports,violentbehaviorandintimidationareoftenlearnedasstrategies.Althoughallplayersdonotfeelcomfortablewiththeamountofviolenceintheirsports,theyhavegenerallycometoacceptit.Eventhosewhodontlikeitm

19、ayreluctantlyuseitasawayofimprovingormaintainingtheirpositionsonteamsandtheirpopularitywithspectators.Big Sports,Big CostWorldsportingeventssuchastheOlympicsandWorldCuprequirebillionsofdollarsofinvestmentandyearsofplanning.Butdotheinvestmentspayoff,helpingthelocalornationaleconomy?Nowwatchthevideoan

20、dthenfinishtheblank-fillingexercise.Starting outStarting outClickthepicture WorldsportingeventssuchastheOlympicsandWorldCupattracthoardsof_,bringing_,jobs,moneyforbusinessesand _forlocalgovernment.Countriescompetehardtoholdsuchevents.Butanalystssaythatthesesportingeventsarenotusuallylikelytobea _tot

21、hehostcountry.FariborzGhadarofPennsylvaniaStateUniversitypointsoutthathostcitiesofasportingeventtendto _thebenefitwhile_boththecostsofactuallyrunningtheoperationandthecostsofbuildingthe _fortheevent.GeorgeMasonUniversitysTonySamarasaysthatitisnotoftenclearhowhostcitiescalculaterevenuesfrommajorsport

22、ingevents,becausebookkeepingcan_fromonecitytothenext.Ghadaralsonotesthatthecostof_isamajorissuethatcanoffsetfinancialgainsaneventmightbring.spectators construction projectstax revenuesnet benefitexaggerateStarting outStarting outunderestimatinginfrastructurevarysecurityCommercialization and Changes

23、in SportsReading FocusReading Focus Global Understanding2Detailed Information3Critical Thinking4Language Points5Reading FocusReading FocusVocabulary in Action6Background Information1Aswellasbeingaformofrecreationfortheparticipants,muchsportisplayedinfrontofanaudience.Mostprofessionalsportisplayedina

24、“theater”ofsomekind,beitastadium,arena,golfcourse,racetrack,ortheopenroad,withprovisionforthe(oftenpaying)public.Largetelevisionorradioaudiencesarealsocommonlyattracted,withrivalbroadcastersbiddinglargeamountsofmoneyforthe“rights”toshowcertainfixtures.ThefootballWorldCupattractsaglobaltelevisionaudi

25、enceofhundredsofmillions;the2006Finalaloneattractedanestimatedworldwideaudienceofwellover700million.IntheUnitedStates,thechampionshipgameoftheNFL,theSuperBowl,hasbecomeoneofthemostwatchedtelevisionbroadcastsoftheyear.SuperBowlSundayisadefactonationalholidayinAmerica;theviewershipbeingsogreatthatin20

26、07advertisingspacewasreportedasbeingsoldat$2.6millionfora30-secondslot.Background InformationBackground InformationReading FocusReading Focus Global Understanding1Introduction2Three factors that influencespectators attachment tosports3Changes in sports associated with commercialization(Para.1)(Para.

27、2)(Paras.3-9)IntroductionSportshavebecome_.Reading FocusReading Focus Global UnderstandingcommercializedThree factors that influence spectators attachment to sportsSpectatorsareattractedby:A._B.Theriskorfinancialrewardsassociatedwithparticipatinginanevent.C._Theuncertaintyofaneventsoutcome.Theantici

28、pateddisplayofexcellenceorheroicsbytheathletes.Changes in sports associated with commercializationA.Changesintheformatandgoalsofsports.Sportshave_theirbasicformatandgoals.e.g._B.Changesintheorientationsofpeopleinvolvedinsports.a.Withouttechnicalknowledgeaboutasport,spectatorsareimpressedmoreby_thanb

29、yathleticskillsandstrategiesusedbyplayersandcoaches.e.g._ThebasicstructureofeachOlympicsporthasremainedmuchthesameasitwasbefore.dramaticexpressionReading FocusReading Focus Global UnderstandingmaintainedThosewholacktechnicalknowledgeabouticeskatingaremoreentertainedbytripleandquadruplejumpsthanbysmo

30、othandflawlessroutines.b.Sportparticipantstendtoemphasize_overaestheticorientations.C.Changesinsportorganizations.Thecontrolofsportorganizationsshiftsfurtherandfurtherawayfrom_.Theirdecisionsgenerallyreflectthecombinedeconomicinterestsofmanypeople,butathletesarecutoutof_Reading FocusReading Focus Gl

31、obal Understandingheroicorientationstheplayersdecision-makingprocessesevenwhendecisionsaffecttheirhealthandwell-beingTask 2Readthefollowingstatementsanddecidewhethertheyaretrueorfalseaccordingtothetext.Put“T”beforeatruestatementand“F”beforeafalseone.(P 39)Key:1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10TTTFTFTFFTReading Fo

32、cusReading Focus Detailed InformationCritical ThinkingReading FocusRead the following sentences from the text.Interpret the sentences and discuss with your partner whether you agree with the author or not.Give specific examples to support your opinions.1.Commercialization has not had a dramatic effe

33、ct on the formats and goals of most sports.Reading FocusCritical Thinking2.As the need to please nave audiences becomes greater,so does the emphasis on heroic orientations.Discuss in groups the following questions.1.Are there any other things affected by commercialization in the same way as sports?G

34、ive specific examples to support your opinions.Reading FocusCritical Thinking2.Many people feel that athletes are paid too much.How do you feel about this issue?1.Fun and“good games”are now defined in terms of gate receipts,concessions revenues,the sale of media rights,market shares,rating points,an

35、d advertising potential.(Para.1)in terms of:as regards,expressed as 在方面；以某说法来表在方面；以某说法来表达达 e.g.1)Its a mistake to think of Florida only in terms of its tourist attractions.2)Id rather think of it _ (从投资的角度).Reading FocusReading Focus Language Pointintermsofaninvestment concession:1)somethingthatyoua

36、llowsomeonetohaveinordertoendanargumentoradisagreement 妥协，让步妥协，让步 e.g.Both sides made various concessions,but neither would back down on the crucial points.2)aspecialrightthataparticularpersonorgroupofpeopleisallowedtohave,forexamplebythegovernmentoranemployer,ortheactofgivingorallowingsomethingasar

37、ight（政府或雇主等许可的）特权；特许权 e.g.the import/export concessions that had been granted to the island 翻译：翻译：今天，乐趣和今天，乐趣和“好比赛好比赛”的定义取决于门票收入、特许权收的定义取决于门票收入、特许权收入、媒体传播权的出售、市场份额、收视率以及广告潜力。入、媒体传播权的出售、市场份额、收视率以及广告潜力。Reading FocusReading Focus Language Point2.We know that whenever any sport is converted into commerc

38、ial entertainment,its success depends on spectator appeal.(Para.2)converted into:1)change(something)fromoneformorusetoanother转变，转换 e.g.Theyconvertedthesparebedroomintoanoffice.2)(persuadesomeoneto)changetoadifferentreligion(使某人)改变宗教信仰e.g.EuropeanmissionariesconvertedthousandstoChristianity.翻译：翻译：我们知

39、道，每当任何一项体育运动被转化为商业性娱乐活动我们知道，每当任何一项体育运动被转化为商业性娱乐活动时，它的成功就依赖于观众的兴趣。时，它的成功就依赖于观众的兴趣。Reading FocusReading Focus Language Point3.Tomakemoneyonasport,itsnecessarytoattractamassaudiencetobuyticketsorwatchtheeventsontelevision.(Para.4)“mass”is used here as an adjective,meaning“involving or intended for a ve

40、ry large number of people”.e.g.1)大众传媒大众传媒 _ 2)大规模杀伤性武器大规模杀伤性武器 _ 3)大规模生产大规模生产 _ 4)大规模抗议活动大规模抗议活动 _ 5)大众营销大众营销 _ Reading FocusReading Focus Language Pointmass mediaweapons of mass destructionmass productiona mass protestmass marketing4.Similarly,those who know little about the technical aspects of ic

41、e skating are more entertained by triple and quadruple jumps than by routines carefully choreographed and practiced until they are smooth and flawless.(Para.5)Theprefix“tri-”in“triple”means“threetimes”andtheprefix“quadr-”in“quadruple”means“fourorfourtimes”.Reading FocusReading Focus Language Point1.

42、one:拉丁前缀uni-:unique独一无二的uniform制服希腊前缀mono-：monologue独白2.two:拉丁前缀bi-：bilingual双语的bilateral双边希腊前缀di-：dioxide二氧化物disyllable双音节词3.three:拉丁前缀tri-：triangle三角形tricycle三轮车4.four:拉丁前缀quadr-：quadrangle四边形quadruple四倍希腊前缀tetra-：tetragon四边形tetrahedron四面体5.five:拉丁前缀quint-：quintuple五倍quintet五重奏希腊前缀pent-：pentagon五角

43、大楼pentathlon五项全能routinen.1)theusualorderinwhichyoudothings,orthethingsyouregularlydo常规e.g.Officialsattheexchangesaidyesterdaythatitscurrentinvestigationwasamatterofroutine.交易所的官员昨日表明，目前的调查只是例行公事。交易所的官员昨日表明，目前的调查只是例行公事。2)asetofmovements,jokesetcthatformpartofaperformance 舞蹈等表演的成套动作e.g.adanceroutine一套

44、舞蹈动作一套舞蹈动作routineadj.e.g.常规手术_定期保养_例行手续_ Reading FocusReading Focus Language Pointroutine operationroutine maintenanceroutine procedure5.They want to see athletes occasionally collapse as they surpass physical limits,not athletes who know their limits so well they can successfully compete for years

45、without going beyond them.(Para.5)Try to figure out different meanings of“collapse”in each of the following sentences.1)Minuteslaterthesecondtowercollapsed.2)Hecollapsedwithaheartattackwhilehewasdancing.3)Ithoughtthatwithoutmethewholeprojectwouldcollapse.4)Sharepricescollapsedafternewsofpoortradingf

46、igures.交投数额不佳使股票价格暴跌。(ofabuilding)falldownReading FocusReading Focus Language Point(ofaperson)falldownbecauseofillness,tiredness,etc.(ofasystem,ideaororganization)fail(ofprices,level,etc.)suddenlybecomemuchlower6.As the need to please nave audiences becomes greater,so does the emphasis on heroic ori

47、entations.(Para.7)Thissentencemeansthatastheneedtopleasenaveaudiencesgrows,increasinglymoreemphasisisplacedonheroicorientationsofathletes.翻译：翻译：取悦无知观众的需求越强烈，就越会强调英雄主义取向。Reading FocusReading Focus Language Point7.These athletes usually evaluate themselves and other athletes in terms of the sport ethi

48、c,and they learn to see heroic actions as signs of true commitment and dedication to their sport.(Para.7)ethic:(n.)ageneralideaorbeliefthatinfluencespeoplesbehaviorandattitudes伦理，道德体系 e.g.Peoplestillbelieveinthetraditionalworkethicandwearefortunatetheydo.ethical:(adj.)1)relatingtoprinciplesofwhatisr

49、ightandwrong有关道德的e.g.Theuseofanimalsinscientifictests_(提出了一些棘手的伦理道德问题).2)morallycorrect合乎道德的e.g.Itwouldnotbeethicalforme,asadoctor,totalktoyouaboutmypatients.Reading FocusReading Focus Language Point raises difficult ethical questionsDistinguish between ethic and ethnic:ethic ethical ethnic 1)Only19

50、percentoftherespondentsgavelawyershighmarksformaintaininghonestand_standards.2)Tome,somuchofitcomesbacktothework_andcommitment.3)Employerscannotdiscriminateonthebasisofracialor_background.Reading FocusReading Focus Language Pointethicalethicethnic8.These conditions come under the control of general