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1、情态助动词的推测性用法 能做推测性用法的情态动词:共九个情态动词情态动词非推测性用法非推测性用法推测性用法推测性用法might/maymight/may表示许可表示许可表示可能表示可能could/cancould/can表示能力许可表示能力许可表示可能表示可能should/ought toshould/ought to表示义务:表示义务:“应该应该”表示必然:表示必然:“应该应该”would/willwould/will表示意志表示意志表示推测:表示推测:“估估计一定计一定”mustmust表示义务表示义务:“:“必须必须”表示必然表示必然:“:“一定一定”按可能性的程度的高低这九个情态动词可
2、分为三档一,表“可能”:might/may/could/can二,表“很有可能”:should/ought to/would/will三,表“最有可能”:must2.2.能做推测性用法的情态助动词的句法特征能做推测性用法的情态助动词的句法特征A.A.其后的不定式可以采取完成体形式其后的不定式可以采取完成体形式 You must have thought about that.You must have thought about that.B.B.其后的不定式可以采取进行体形式其后的不定式可以采取进行体形式He must be working late at the office.He mus
3、t be working late at the office.C.C.可以用于可以用于there-there-存在句存在句There must be some mistake.There must be some mistake.D.D.其后的不定式为一般形式时通常是静态动词。其后的不定式为一般形式时通常是静态动词。He must be there.He must be there.E.E.主语可以使表示无生命的名词词组。主语可以使表示无生命的名词词组。It must be George.It must be George.3.3.说话人推测的事情所发生的时间要说话人推测的事情所发生的时间要
4、根据情态动根据情态动词后的动词形式来定,可以是现在,过去,将来,词后的动词形式来定,可以是现在,过去,将来,一般动词是非完成体形式则表示现在或将来,动一般动词是非完成体形式则表示现在或将来,动词是完成体形式则表示过去时间,但完成词是完成体形式则表示过去时间,但完成进行体进行体有两种可能一是相当于现在完成进行体,一是相有两种可能一是相当于现在完成进行体,一是相当于过去进行体当于过去进行体He must be there.He must be there.:现在:现在Our team might win the race.Our team might win the race.:将来:将来He m
5、ust be working late at the office.He must be working late at the office.:现在(进:现在(进行)行)He must be calling tonight.He must be calling tonight.:将来:将来He may have come last year.He may have come last year.:过去:过去They cant have been waiting so long:They cant have been waiting so long:表现在完表现在完成进行成进行He must
6、have been dozing.He must have been dozing.:过去:过去“进行进行”例1:-Are you coming to Jeffs party?-Im not sure.I _go to the concert instead.A.must B.would C.shouldD.might析:选析:选D。Im not sure.的语境表明把握性不的语境表明把握性不大,当然我去参加音乐演奏会的可能性就大,当然我去参加音乐演奏会的可能性就比较小了,故不用比较小了,故不用must应用应用might例例 2:-_the news be true?No,it_be true
7、.A.Can,cant B.May,cantC.May,may not D.Must,mustnt析:析:选选A。重点一Can-cant vs Must-mustntCan表示具有某种能力,表示具有某种能力,表示推测意为表示推测意为“不可能不可能/可能可能”,多用于否定句和疑问句,多用于否定句和疑问句中中eg.eg.1.Where can he have gone1.Where can he have gone?他可能会去?他可能会去 2.It cant be true.2.It cant be true.这不可能是真的。这不可能是真的。哪儿呢?哪儿呢?must表表“义务义务”或或“强制强制”
8、,表示主观的必要;,表示主观的必要;表推测意为表推测意为“一定一定”,”,用在肯定句中。用在肯定句中。mustntmustnt:表:表“禁止禁止”eg.1.We must clean the room.eg.1.We must clean the room.(表示我们认(表示我们认为房间太脏了。)为房间太脏了。)2.He must be at home before supper.2.He must be at home before supper.(他(他晚饭前一定在家。)晚饭前一定在家。)即即表推测的表推测的mustmust的否定形式是的否定形式是cantcant而不是而不是mustntm
9、ustnt重点二情态动词的完成式用法(例例1:I told Sally how to get there,but perhaps I _for her.A.had to write it outB.must have written it outC.should have written it outD.ought to write it out选选选选C C。分析语境可知,口头上告知。分析语境可知,口头上告知。分析语境可知,口头上告知。分析语境可知,口头上告知SallySally如何去那里是不如何去那里是不如何去那里是不如何去那里是不够的,所以我本应书面告知,却有没书面告知之,显得够的,所以
10、我本应书面告知,却有没书面告知之,显得够的,所以我本应书面告知,却有没书面告知之,显得够的,所以我本应书面告知,却有没书面告知之,显得应使用应使用应使用应使用should/ought to have writtenshould/ought to have written表示遗憾之情。表示遗憾之情。表示遗憾之情。表示遗憾之情。例例2:I was really anxious about you,you_home without a word.A.mustnt leave B.shouldnt have left C.couldnt have left D.neednt leave 析析析析:选选
11、选选B B。由语境可知,我真的为你担心,所以你不应该一由语境可知,我真的为你担心,所以你不应该一由语境可知,我真的为你担心,所以你不应该一由语境可知,我真的为你担心,所以你不应该一句话不说就离开家,但实际上你确实这么做了,句话不说就离开家,但实际上你确实这么做了,句话不说就离开家,但实际上你确实这么做了,句话不说就离开家,但实际上你确实这么做了,显然应填显然应填显然应填显然应填shouldnt/ought to have leftshouldnt/ought to have left,表示责,表示责,表示责,表示责备。备。备。备。(一)should/ought to have done本来应做
12、而未做,表达遗憾感情色彩 should/ought not to have done本来不应做而做了,表达遗憾感情色彩(二)may/might have done可能已做must have done 一定已做cant have done不可能已做例例1:-Where is my pen?-I _it.A.might lose B.wouldnt have lost C.should have lost D.must have lost例2:The light in his room is still on,so he _ to bed.A.mustnt have goneB.must have
13、 goneC.shouldnt have gone D.cant have gone析:选析:选D。由于他房间里的灯还亮着。由于他房间里的灯还亮着推测,他不可能已经上床睡觉了,推测,他不可能已经上床睡觉了,应填应填cant have gone。(三)might/could have done指本来可能/能做而实际未做,表达遗憾的感情色彩 You might have killed yourself本可能送命本可能送命I could have reported you本可以告发你本可以告发你I could have passed the exam,but I failed.You could a
14、t least have sent five cards.你你本至少可以寄本至少可以寄5张明信片的。张明信片的。(四)neednt have done表过去本来不必做某事却做了Eg1.You neednt have bought that houseEg2.I neednt have gone to the station比较I didnt need to go to the station因为没有必要不曾前往情态动词的异化现象情态动词的异化现象有些情态用于疑问句进行回答时,有些情态用于疑问句进行回答时,出现了异化现象,此时回答在某出现了异化现象,此时回答在某个角度不能继续使用该情态动词,个角
15、度不能继续使用该情态动词,而改用别的动词。而改用别的动词。例例1:-Must I start at once?No,you_.A.needntB.mustnt C.cantD.wont析:析:A。由语境可知该答句表示。由语境可知该答句表示“不必不必”,而,而mustnt表示表示“不准、禁止不准、禁止”,不符合语境,显然应使用不符合语境,显然应使用neednt表示表示“不必不必”,但肯定句回答继续用,但肯定句回答继续用must。例例2:-Need I hand in my exercise book at once?Yes,you_.A.mustB.need C.canD.will析:选析:选A
16、。根据规定。根据规定need用于一般疑问用于一般疑问句作肯定回答应换成句作肯定回答应换成must,而作否定回而作否定回答时,使用答时,使用need的否定式的否定式neednt。exerciseThere were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well.It_a comfortable journey.A.cant be B.shouldnt beC.mustnt have beenD.couldnt have been D D用合适的情态动词填空1.I mailed that letter a we
17、ek ago.1.I mailed that letter a week ago.He_He_(receivereceive)it.it.我一周前就发出了那封信我一周前就发出了那封信,想必他一定收到了。想必他一定收到了。must have receivedmust have received2.I cant find my keys.I 2.I cant find my keys.I(leave leave)them at them at the school yesterday.the school yesterday.may/might have left may/might have left 3.Jack 3.Jack(arrivearrive)yet,otherwise he would yet,otherwise he would have telephoned me.have telephoned me.cant have arrived cant have arrived 情态动词其他重点内容1.各个情态动词的含义2.几组词的比较Can vs be able to p283Must vs have to p287Would vs used to p300Finish translation on p303
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