科技文献翻译与报.ppt

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1、科技文献翻译与政论翻译I.科技翻译A.科技类实用文概述科技文献是对科技理论、科研过程、科研成果及推广应用的陈述。文体特征：1）文体质朴，语言浓缩；2）注重客观性，语言平易、准确；3）结构严谨，语义关系明确，不允许有歧义4）逻辑性强，表达明晰流畅句法特征：1)人称的使用，强调文章内容的客观性，汉语常使用“笔者”、“我们”、“本文”而不用“我”来作某一结论的主语；英语常用The author thinks that-This paper illustrates-The authors have investigated-.2)时态变化不明显。汉语的动作时间往往是通过时间状语表示；英语叙述事实时几乎

2、都用现在时。3）语态方面，汉语使用主动语态较多，英语被动语态多。4）汉语和英语在句子结构方面都比较复杂。B.科技论文中的专业词汇和非专业词汇1.专业术语因专业而异。翻译时应首先熟悉专业知识，仔细分析上下文，不能确定时，则查阅专业英文资料或请教专家。例如：High-definition TV高清晰度电视a ship of 5m draught一艘吃水5米的船A cover crop between growing seasons can greatly improve the vegetable crop.在生长季节前后之间插播覆盖作物，可大大改善蔬菜作物的生长条件。2.非专业词汇大量的在科技文

3、献中出现的非专业常用词汇，无法直接搬用词典中的释义。应根据上下文和逻辑关系对词义加以引申。例释1)The classical Greek civilization knew of seven metals:gold,silver,copper,iron,tin,lead and mercury.古希腊文明社会使用过七种金属：金、银、铜、铁、锡、铅和水银。2)The holographic image must be viewed by looking directly through the film.Consequently,the size of the film limits the s

4、ize of the audience that may view it at one time.例文1 The Earthworm The earthworm is a useful animal.On the ground it is food for other animals.Under the ground,it makes rich soil for fields and gardens.Earthworms dig tunnels that loosen the soil and make it for air and water to reach the roots of pl

5、ants.These tunnels help keep the soil well drained.Earthworms drag withered leaves,grass and flowers into their burrows.When this plant litter decays,it makes the soil more fertile.No other animal is so useful in building up good topsoil.It is estimated that in one year fifty thousand earthworms car

6、ry about eighteen tons of fine soil to the surface of an acre of land.(对比分析）蚯蚓 蚯蚓是一种有益的动物。在地面上它是其他动物的食物。在地下，它为田野和花园制造肥沃的土壤。蚯蚓能挖洞，而洞穴能使土壤疏松，因而使空气和水更容易达到植物的根部。这些洞穴还有利于土壤的排水。蚯蚓把枯萎的树叶、草和花瓣拖进洞穴中。当这些植物垃圾腐烂以后，就使土壤肥沃。蚯蚓对制造优良的表层土壤所起的作用是其他任何动物都比不上的。据估计，五万条蚯蚓一年内能在一英亩土地上制造大约十八吨优质土壤。例文2 Fire Making But men still

7、 did not know how to make fire.When they had a fire,they did not let it stop burning.If it went out,they could not start it again.They had to wait for lightning to start another fire.Sometimes they had to wait for years.Later,they discovered how to make fire.If you rub two pieces of wood together,th

8、ey become hot and burn.You have to rub very fast!One way of doing it is to make a little hole in a piece of wood.Pieces of wood or dry leaves are put into the hole.Then you put the end of a stick into the hole.You rub the stick between the hands.This makes it turn very quickly.The end in the hole be

9、comes very hot.The small pieces of wood and dry leaves begin to burn.生火 但人们仍不懂得怎样生火，有了火时，他们就不让它熄灭。如果火灭了，他们就无法再生起来。他们只好等待闪电引起另一场大火。有时候，他们要等数年之久。后来，人们发现了取火的办法。如果你拿两块木头互相摩擦，木头变热，就会燃烧起来。你得摩擦得非常快。办法之一是在一块木头上挖一个小洞，在里面放些木片或干树叶。然后，把一根木棒的一端放入洞内，双手搓动棒子，使它迅速转动。棒子置于洞内的一端变得很热，小木片和干树叶就开始燃烧起来。II.政论的翻译A.政论的文体特点1.不论

10、是社科论著、文献资料还是报刊社论，用词一般都较规范、严谨、庄重；2.逻辑严密，说理性强。句式结构变化多样，注重整体布局，注重修辞。B.政论的翻译1.翻译政论的要求：1）了解写作意图和背景2）透彻理解原文，慎重选词择句3）通读原文，分析文章的结构和布局的脉络，理解作者逻辑推理的层次，领会作者的原文写作过程4）弄清作者的立场、观点，力避歪曲事实 The trend toward multi-polarity continues to gain momentum throughout the world.The interdependency constraints and cooperation

11、amongst various major forces are conducive to world peace and stability.The world now has some 200 countries and all.Large or small rich or poor,strong or weak,are equal members of the international community.Maintaining world peace requires the joint efforts of the people from all countries,and wor

12、ld affairs must be jointly managed by all the people.We live in a diversified world with a kaleidoscope of social systems,values,levels of development,historical traditions,religions,beliefs and cultural background.People in different countries must have the right to choose their social system and development models,as well as life styles suited to their own national conditions.多极化趋势正在全球范围内继续发展。各种重要力量相互依存，相互制约，相互合作，有利于世界的和平与稳定。全球有近二百个国家。国家不论大小、贫富、强弱，都是国际大家庭的平等成员。世界和平要靠各国人民的努力。世界事务应由世界各国共同参与。我们生活在一个丰富多彩的世界。世界各国无论社会制度、价值观念和发展水平，还是历史传统、宗教信仰和文化背景，都存在着差别。各国人民有权选择符合本国国情的社会制度、发展道路和生活方式。