定语从句要点及对比练习.ppt

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1、定语从句要点小结定语从句要点小结思考思考:名从和定从的引导词一样吗？名从和定从的引导词一样吗？1.引导定语从句的关系代词没有引导定语从句的关系代词没有what,whatever,however对吗？对吗？2.That在名词性从句和定语从句中的不在名词性从句和定语从句中的不同？同？3.定语从句和同位语从句的不同？定语从句和同位语从句的不同？4.定从的难点在那里？定从的难点在那里？定语从句关系词定语从句关系词关系代词：关系代词：指人：指人：who,whom,指人和物：指人和物：that,whose 指物：指物：which,as关系副词：关系副词：when,where,how,why如果表示如果表示

2、地点，时间，原因，方式地点，时间，原因，方式的先的先行词做后面从句的宾语或主语时，引导行词做后面从句的宾语或主语时，引导词用词用that/which.请指出关系代词请指出关系代词/副词在定语从句中的成份：副词在定语从句中的成份：1.The man who came to our school is Mr.Wang.()2.The girl(whom)I met is Lucy.()3.A child whose parents are dead is called Tom.()4.I like the book(which)you bought yesterday.()主语主语宾语宾语定语定语

3、宾语宾语5.His parents wouldnt let him marry anyone whose family was poor.()6.I like the person to whom you just talked.()7.We shall never forget the days(that)we spent together.()8.We shall never the days when we lived together.()定语定语介宾介宾宾语宾语状语状语1)Do you have anything _ you dont understand?2)The only th

4、ing _ we can do is to give you some advice.3)Who is the man _ is standing there?4)Her bag,in _ she put all her money,has been stolen.5)She heard a terrible noise，_ brought her heart into her mouth.thatthatthatwhichwhich考点考点1：that 与与 which填上合适的关系词并分析原因填上合适的关系词并分析原因：1.The way _he explained the sentenc

5、e to us was not difficult to understand.2.The way _he explained to us was quite simple.that/which/不填不填that/in which/不填不填缺状语缺状语缺宾语缺宾语考点考点2：the way用做先行词用做先行词3.What surprised me was not what he said but _ he said it.（04湖北）湖北）A.the way B.in the way that C.in the way D.the way which高考题链接：高考题链接：以下情况，引导词用以

6、下情况，引导词用that，不用，不用which。1.先行词为不定代词先行词为不定代词everything，little，much，all，anything，nothing。(something 除外）除外）e.g.Finally,the thief handed everything that he had stolen.*先行词被先行词被 all,any,every,each,few,little,no,some修饰时也用修饰时也用that.一：一：that的用法的用法一：一：that的用法的用法2.先行词前有先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词形容词最高级、序数词修饰时，用修饰时，用that。e

7、.g.This is the best book(that)Ive ever read.3.先行词被先行词被the only，the very，the last 修修饰时，用饰时，用that。e.g.He is the only person that I want to see now.一：一：that的用法的用法4.先行词同时先行词同时指人和指物指人和指物时，用时，用that。e.g.We talked about the things and persons that we saw then.5.定语从句内容为解释定语从句内容为解释名词的性质、概念名词的性质、概念时，需用时，需用that

8、。e.g.A plane is a machine that can fly.6.Who is the man that is talking to Jim?二：二：which的用法的用法Which引导非限定性定语从句，其先引导非限定性定语从句，其先行词可是行词可是一个词一个词,也可是也可是整个主句整个主句或或主主句的某一部分句的某一部分。e.g.1.She heard a terrible noise,_ brought her heart into her mouth.2.The weather turned out to be good,_ was more than we could

9、expect.三：介词三：介词+关系代词关系代词“of+which/whom”可用来限定名词、可用来限定名词、代词、分数词、数词等。代词、分数词、数词等。e.g.1.In the dark street,there wasnt a single person she could turn for help.2.He paid the boy$10 for washing the windows,most hadnt been cleaned for at least a year.to whomof which1.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系，根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系，请体会：请体

10、会：e.g.Is that the newspaper forwhich you often write articles?2.根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配，根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配，如：如：e.g.Can you explain to me how to use these idioms aboutwhich Im sure.关系代词前介词的确定关系代词前介词的确定关系代词前介词的确定关系代词前介词的确定3.根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，请体会：根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，请体会：e.g.1949 was the year inwhich the P.R.C.was founded

11、.4.非限制性定与从句中，要表示先行词的一非限制性定与从句中，要表示先行词的一部分时，可用部分时，可用“数词数词/代词代词+of+关系代词关系代词”的结构，如：的结构，如：e.g.There are 50 students in our class,two-thirdsofwhom have been to Beijing.5.Whose从句可转换为从句可转换为“of+关系代关系代词词”型，如：型，如：e.g.They live in a house,whose door opens to the south.They lived in a house,of which the door op

12、ens to the south.They lived in a house,the door of which open to the south.关系代词前介词的确定关系代词前介词的确定介词介词+关系代词的情况关系代词的情况 3Is this the watch that you are looking for?The old man whom I am looking after is better.在固定短语中介词不能提前在固定短语中介词不能提前下面两句中的介词能提前吗下面两句中的介词能提前吗?考点考点3：介词：介词+关系词关系词1.Do you know the boy _ _ yo

13、ur mother is talking?2.He gave me some novels _ _ I am not very familiar.3.I still remember the day _ _ I first got to Paris.4.This is the child _ I will take care of.5.(06浙江浙江)I was given three books on cooking,the first _I really enjoyed.A.of that B.of which C.that D.whichtowhomwith whichonwhichwh

14、om/that1.Doyoulikethebook_shespent$10?2.Doyoulikethebook_shepaid$10?3.Doyoulikethebook_shelearnedalot?4.Doyoulikethebook_sheoftentalks?5.Hebuiltatelescope_hecouldstudytheskies.6.Thereisatalltreeoutside,_standsourteacher.7.Chinahasalotofrivers,thesecondlongest_istheYellowRiver.8.Thetower_peoplecanhav

15、eagoodviewisonthehill.9.Theman_Ispokeonthephonelastnightisverygoodatwriting.10.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows,most_hadntbeencleanedforatleastayear.onwhichforwhichfromwhichaboutwhichthroughwhichunderwhichofwhichfromwhichtowhomofwhich练习练习:介词介词+关系代词的使用关系代词的使用Fillintheblankswithproperprepositions:1

16、.The sun gives us heat and light,_ which we cant live.2.The student _ whom we were talking just now is the best student in our class.3.Ill never forget the day _ which she said good-bye to me.4.Who can give me the reason _ which he hasnt turned up yet?foraboutonwithout四四:关系副词的运用关系副词的运用在限定性和非限定性从句中，在

17、限定性和非限定性从句中，when的先的先行词是时间名词，行词是时间名词，where的先行词是地的先行词是地点名词，分别在定语从句中做点名词，分别在定语从句中做状语状语。e.g.1.After living in Paris for 50 years he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child.2.It was an exciting moment for these people this year,_ for the first time their team won the World Cup.wherewhen1.Ive c

18、ome to the point where I cant stand him.2.The country is in the situation where a war will break out at any time.我已经到了无法容忍他的地步了。我已经到了无法容忍他的地步了。国家正处在随时有可能爆发战争的局势中。国家正处在随时有可能爆发战争的局势中。wherewhere引导的定语从句先行词大多数情况下是表示地点引导的定语从句先行词大多数情况下是表示地点的名词，但也有的名词，但也有特殊情况特殊情况。难点二：一些特殊词之后的难点二：一些特殊词之后的where解析：解析：如果定语从句分别修

19、饰如果定语从句分别修饰point,situation,point,situation,part,conditionpart,condition和和casecase等表示抽象意义的词，常用等表示抽象意义的词，常用where where 引导，意思是引导，意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况中到了某种地步，在某种境况中”。l1.Gragually we came to the point where we have different opinions.l2.He is now in a difficult situation where he is likely to lose his job.l3

20、.There is system where you can phone and tell us the numbers and youll get the book.l4.They tried to set up a state of their own,where they would be treated equally.l5.I just want to get a job where I can be greatly valued.wherethat1.This is the library_I borrowed the book.2.It is from this library_

21、I borrowed the book.wherethat综合考查一：定语从句与强调句综合考查一：定语从句与强调句3.-Where did you last see Mr.Smith?-It was in the hotel_ I lived.A.that B.which C.where D.when难点三难点三.综合考查综合考查 近年来，高考对定语从句和其它从句如：强调句近年来，高考对定语从句和其它从句如：强调句、名词性从句和状语从句等的综合考查越来越多，这就要名词性从句和状语从句等的综合考查越来越多，这就要求考生有扎实的基础知识和较强的综合分析能力。求考生有扎实的基础知识和较强的综合分析能

22、力。友情提示友情提示综合考查二：定语从句与同位语从句综合考查二：定语从句与同位语从句1.We all have heard the news_ our team won.2.We dont believe the news _ he told us yesterday.that that/which综合考查综合考查三三：定语从句与：定语从句与表表语从句语从句 The place _ the bridge is supposed to be built should be_ the cross-river traffic is the heaviest.（05 江苏）江苏）A.which;whe

23、re B.at which;which C.at which;where D.which;in which that/which非限制性定语从句和单句的比较非限制性定语从句和单句的比较2.He failed in the exam._ made his parents angry.3.He failed in the exam,_made his parents angry.4.He has two sons.Both of _ are teachers.5.He has two sons,both of _ are teachers.Thiswhichwhomthem that1.I am

24、reading Harry Porter,_is an interesting book.which思考思考?1.as与与which引导的定语从句引导的定语从句2.suchas（象象这样的）和这样的）和suchthat（这样这样以至）的以至）的区别区别五：五：as与与which引导的定语从句引导的定语从句两者均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时两者均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以互换，但下列情况多用可以互换，但下列情况多用as。1.关系代词引导的定语从句居关系代词引导的定语从句居句首时句首时。e.g.As we all know,the earth is round.2.当与当与such或或the

25、same连用时，一般用连用时，一般用as。e.g.Such books as you tell me are interesting.I have the same planas you.3.当从句和主句语义一致时，用当从句和主句语义一致时，用as，反，反之则用之则用which。e.g.She has married again,as was expected.She has married again,whichwas unexpected.4.as在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词的被动语态，如动词的被动语态，如beknown，besaid，bereporte

26、d等，如从句中行为动词是主动语等，如从句中行为动词是主动语态，一般要用态，一般要用which作主语。作主语。e.g.She has been late again,aswas expected.Tom has made great progress,whichmade us happy.5.由由as引导的定语从句引导的定语从句 as可作为关系代词和关系副词来引导定语从可作为关系代词和关系副词来引导定语从句。句。1.such as “像像一样的一样的”，the sameas “像像之类之类”the samethat “像像之类之类”(同物同物)注意！注意！在这两个句型中在这两个句型中,as是关系

27、代词，其中是关系代词，其中such，same做定语，修饰主句的名词、代词，这个名词做定语，修饰主句的名词、代词，这个名词是这个定语从句的先行词，是这个定语从句的先行词，as在从句中担任主、在从句中担任主、宾、表。宾、表。This is the same thing as we are in need of.Such people as you say are short now.1.I have never heard such stories2._ he tells.3.2.His idea was such a good one _ we all agreed to use it.asth

28、atThe earth is round._ is known to all.The earth is round,_ is known to all._ is known to all,the earth is round_ is known to all that the earth is round.Itwhich/as AsItas 具有正如之意，与之搭配的动词一般是固定的，如：具有正如之意，与之搭配的动词一般是固定的，如：as you know/as you see/as we planned/as we expected3._ is known to all,he is the b

29、est student.4.Jim passed the driving test,_ surprised everybody in the office.Aswhichasthatwhich1.It is such a big stone _ nobody can lift.2.It is such a big stone _ nobody can lift it.asthat归纳归纳：as引导限制性定语从句先行词前常被引导限制性定语从句先行词前常被such,the same,so,as 修饰，即构成修饰，即构成suchas,the same as,soas,结构，做题时容易忽略。结构，做题

30、时容易忽略。as在定语从句中应充当在定语从句中应充当成分如：主语、宾语或表语。成分如：主语、宾语或表语。as 与与which引导定语从句引导定语从句都能指代整句内容都能指代整句内容，但定语从，但定语从句位于句位于句首句首时，只能用时，只能用 as,意为意为“正如正如、恰如恰如”。Correct the sentences:1.Im using the pen which he bought it yesterday.2.Is that factory which your father once worked in?3.The man whom I spoke is from Canada.4

31、.July 1,1999 is the day when well never forget._(去掉去掉)which_tothe oneCorrect the sentences:5.I still remember the holidays I stayed with them.6.Im going to work in the hospital where needs me.7.Those that havent been to the West Lake will gather at the school gate.8.I dont like the way which you tal

32、ked to your friend.inwhen_who_(that/which)Correct the sentences:9.This is the last time when Ive given you lessons.10.Soon they came to a farm house,and in front of which sat a small boy.11.We heard the news which our team won the game.12.The reason which he explained it sounds reasonable._that_ tha

33、t _whyit_13.Those at the desk want to buy tickets write down your names.14.That was the reason because she looked old.15.Miss Chen is the only one of the few teachers who give us wonderful English lessons in our school.16.Taiwan,that we know,belongs to China.aswho_giveswhy17.It is the one of the bes

34、t films that have been shown recently.18.The third place which we are going to visit is Hangzhou.19.Which is known to all,many satelliteare going around in the sky.20.The students and things which you spoke of are known to us.that_hasasthat_21.Einstein is such a great scientist that we must learn from.22.The student whos book I had borrowed didnt come to school today.23.Who is the worker who took some pictures of the factory.24.The bike by which I travelled was his.as_whose_that_on_1.that与与which2.对对the way的考查的考查3.介词介词+关系词关系词4.as的使用的使用5.对对where的考查的考查6.综合考查综合考查考考点点难难点点