英汉翻译中的词类转换法.ppt
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1、第六章第六章 英汉翻译中的英汉翻译中的词类转换法词类转换法6.0 引例引例nExchange of ideas is a constant and vital necessity.n思想交流是一种经常的和极其重要的必需。思想交流是一种经常的和极其重要的必需。n思想交流是经常而极端需要的。思想交流是经常而极端需要的。n思想交流应经常进行,也是必须的。思想交流应经常进行,也是必须的。n思想交流有必要经常进行。思想交流有必要经常进行。n有必要经常进行思想交流。有必要经常进行思想交流。Nominalization in English and Verbalization in ChineseEngli
2、shnEnglish sentence contains no more than one predicate verbs in that predicate verbs in sentences are confined by many grammatical rules.nMeanwhile,nouns which are originated from verbs also indicate movements,actions,changes,sensations,state,etc.Compared with verbs,they are less marked and more fl
3、exibly placed in a sentence.nNominalization is a predominant feature in English.nPreponderance of nouns over verbsNominalization in English and Verbalization in ChineseChinesenIn Chinese,verbs are unmarked and less confined so that clusters of verbs are used to express an event in one sentence.nA fr
4、equent use of verbs is predominant in Chinese sentences.6.1 转译成动词转译成动词 n英语和汉语比较起来,汉语中动词用得比较英语和汉语比较起来,汉语中动词用得比较多,这是一个特点,往往在英语句子中只用多,这是一个特点,往往在英语句子中只用一个谓语动词,而在汉语中却可以几个动词一个谓语动词,而在汉语中却可以几个动词或动词性结构连用。如:或动词性结构连用。如:nHe admires the Presidents stated decision to fight for the job.n他对总统声明为保住其职位而决心奋斗表示他对总统声明为保
5、住其职位而决心奋斗表示钦佩。钦佩。n汉语没有词形变化,但可以几个动词连用。汉语没有词形变化,但可以几个动词连用。因此,英语中不少词类(尤其是名词、介词、因此,英语中不少词类(尤其是名词、介词、形容词和副词)在汉译时往往可以转译成动形容词和副词)在汉译时往往可以转译成动词。词。6.1.1 名词转译成动词名词转译成动词 n1)由动词派生的名词转译成动词,在政论文体中)由动词派生的名词转译成动词,在政论文体中出现比较多。出现比较多。n The 1967 UN document calls for the settlement of the Middle East conflict on the ba
6、sis of Israeli withdrawal from occupied territories and Arab acknowledgement of Israelis right to exist.n1967年联合国文件要求在以色列撤出所占的土地年联合国文件要求在以色列撤出所占的土地以及阿拉伯承认以色列的生存权利的基础上来解决以及阿拉伯承认以色列的生存权利的基础上来解决中东冲突。中东冲突。nRockets have found application for the exploration of the universe.n火箭已经用来探索宇宙。火箭已经用来探索宇宙。nThe mas
7、tery of a foreign language is difficult and requires painstaking effort.n要学好一门外语要学好一门外语是不容易的,非下苦功夫不可。nAfter some hesitation,he asked if I would arrange for him to be cremated after his death and then have his ashes sattered into the ocean.n犹豫犹豫了一番之后,他问我是否愿意在他死死后将他火化并将骨灰洒入大海。2)含有动作意味的名词(在记叙、描写文体中出现)含
8、有动作意味的名词(在记叙、描写文体中出现较多)往往可以转译成动词。较多)往往可以转译成动词。nThe sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing.n看到我们的喷气式飞机,听见隆隆的机声,令看到我们的喷气式飞机,听见隆隆的机声,令我特别神往。我特别神往。n A glance through his office window offers a panoramic view of the Washington Monument and the Lincoln Memorial.n从他的办公室窗口可以一眼看到华盛顿
9、纪念碑从他的办公室窗口可以一眼看到华盛顿纪念碑和林肯纪念馆的全景。和林肯纪念馆的全景。nHe turned talkative at the mention of tea.n一提到一提到茶,他的话就多起来。nShe jumped up for joy at the news of her husbands return.n听到听到丈夫要回来这个好消息,她高兴地跳了起来。nAdmission to the university is by examination and selection.Girls are admitted on equal terms with boys.n进大学要考试,择
10、优录取。女生入学条件与男生一样。3)英语中有些加后缀)英语中有些加后缀-er的名词,有时可转换的名词,有时可转换为其对应的名词为其对应的名词n如如teacher教师,教师,thinker思想家等等,有时在句中并不思想家等等,有时在句中并不指其身份和职业,而是含有较强的动作意味,在汉语指其身份和职业,而是含有较强的动作意味,在汉语中没有恰当的对应名词时,往往可以译成动词。中没有恰当的对应名词时,往往可以译成动词。nI am afraid I cant teach you swimming.I think my little brother is a better teacher than I.n
11、我未必会教你游泳。我想我的小弟弟比我教得好。我未必会教你游泳。我想我的小弟弟比我教得好。nSea gulls are good flyers.n海鸥很善于飞行。海鸥很善于飞行。nTalking with his son,the old man was the forgiver of the young mans past wrong doings.n在和儿子谈话时,老人宽恕了年轻人过去所干的在和儿子谈话时,老人宽恕了年轻人过去所干的坏事。坏事。nShe is such a trouble-maker that no one likes to be in the same team with h
12、er.n她总是制造麻烦,所以没有人愿意和她一组。她总是制造麻烦,所以没有人愿意和她一组。4)作为习语主体的名词往往可以转译成动词)作为习语主体的名词往往可以转译成动词nThey took a final look at Iron Mike,still intact in the darkness.n他们最后看了铁麦克一眼他们最后看了铁麦克一眼它依旧安然它依旧安然无恙地耸立在黑暗中。无恙地耸立在黑暗中。nThe next news bulletin,shorter than usual,made no mention of the demonstration.n下一个新闻节目比通常短,没有提到游
13、行。下一个新闻节目比通常短,没有提到游行。nWith the improvement of the living standard,now people attach great importance to health.n随着生活水平的提高,人们现在很重视健康。随着生活水平的提高,人们现在很重视健康。nBefore Chinas entry into WTO,there were fears that China would have to make too much concession.n在中国加入世贸组织之前,人们担心中国要做在中国加入世贸组织之前,人们担心中国要做出过多的让步。出过多
14、的让步。nSuch laws will never be enough to put an end to centuries of discrimination angainst blacks.n对黑人的歧视已经存在了几个世纪,要结束这样的歧视,这样的法律远远不够。nAs Beijing becomes increasingly congested and polluted,there has a growing realization that action is needed to tackle these problems.n随着北京变得越来越拥挤,污染问题日益严重,人们更加意识到需要采
15、取行动来解决这些问题。Have a try!nPrince Williams choice of St.Andrews is viewed as an unofficial royal recoginition of the university.The university announced a 44.4%increase in application.nFor some governments,qualifying for entry into the single currency is very much a matter of national pride.Indeed,in 19
16、96 there were fears that France and Germany-the European Unions political and economic giants-would not be alble to meet the criteria.Have a try!nAll the medical advice in this case recommends selective abortion and many believe that the mothers refusal to abort some of her babies is being influence
17、d by the offer of money from the newspaper.nWhen we arrived at home,Mary said she felt all right,and that she would like to return the house she shared with friends for that weekend,maybe even longer.I was doubtful about this,but she was the best judge of how she felt,and altogether it seemed a good
18、 idea to have a break from each other and the hospital circuit for a while.6.1.2 介词转译成动词介词转译成动词n“Coming!”Away she skimmed over the lawn,up the path,up the steps,across the veranda,and into the porch.n“来啦!来啦!”她转身蹦着跳着地跑了,越过她转身蹦着跳着地跑了,越过草地,跑上小径,跨上台阶,穿过凉台,草地,跑上小径,跨上台阶,穿过凉台,进了门廊。进了门廊。nI barreled straight
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