高中英语语法句子结构简单句.ppt

《高中英语语法句子结构简单句.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《高中英语语法句子结构简单句.ppt（43页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、简单句 句型结构主主-系系-表表lSupermanisahero.lSuperman is a great hero.lSupermanispowerful.lSuperman is very powerful.lSupermanlookscool.系动词系动词l1）状态系动词）状态系动词用来表示主语状态，只有用来表示主语状态，只有be一词。一词。lHeisateacher.lWewerechildren.lWhathesaidwastrue.2）持续系动词）持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有主要有keep,remain,stay,li

2、e,stand。He always kept silent at meeting.This matter remained a mystery.3）感官系动词）感官系动词 感官系动词主要有感官系动词主要有feel,smell,sound,taste seem,appear,look。This kind of cloth feels soft.This flower smells very sweet.He seems very sad.4）变化系动词）变化系动词 这些系动词表示主语变成什么样，变化系动这些系动词表示主语变成什么样，变化系动词主要有词主要有become,grow,turn,fal

3、l,get,go,come,run.He became mad after his father died.She grew rich within a short time.5）终止系动词）终止系动词 表示主语已终止动作，主要有表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove,turn out,表达表达“证实证实”，“变成变成”之意。之意。The research proved difficult.His plan turned out a success.主主谓（不及物动词）谓（不及物动词）lWetalked.lWetalkedinEnglish.lWetalkedhappily.lWe talked

4、 you.lWe talked to you.我们与你谈话。我们与你谈话。lWe talked about you.我们谈关于你的事。我们谈关于你的事。lWe talked of you.我们说起你。我们说起你。主主-谓（及物动词）谓（及物动词）-宾宾lImissyou.lWewillcallyou.l主主-谓谓-宾宾-宾语补足语宾语补足语lWewillcallyouKitty.lWemadeyouthepresident.lHisparentswantTommytobehonest.lIfindtheworkdifficult.lDontconsiderhimabadman.主主-谓谓-间宾

5、间宾-直宾直宾lI wrote a letter.Iwrotehimaletter.lMom,could you buy a bike?Mom,couldyoubuymeabike?l区分：区分：ShallIcallyouKitty?ShallIcallyouataxi?宾补宾补直宾直宾EXERCISESlThe bicycle seems nice.lThe brand new bicycle seems very nice.lWe saw a movie.lWe saw an exciting movie yesterday.lThe twins live here.lThe twins

6、live in a big city.主系表主系表定语定语状语状语主谓宾主谓宾定语定语状语状语主谓主谓(不及物不及物)+状语状语定语定语lDont tell the truth.lDont tell him the truth.lI saw an angel.lI saw an angel smiling.lI saw an angel smiling in the sky.lI saw a beautiful angel smiling in the sky.(主主)谓谓宾宾间接宾语间接宾语主谓宾主谓宾宾语补足语宾语补足语状语状语定语定语lThe angel gave me a smile.

7、lSuddenly,the angel gave me a big smile.lEating a strawberry is an experience.lWhat he said sounds crazy.lI dont know whats in his stupid mind.主谓主谓+双宾双宾状语状语定语定语主系表主系表主系表主系表主谓宾主谓宾lHOMEWORKl以下附其它参考课件内容l主语：主语：主语是在句子中说明全句中心主题的主语是在句子中说明全句中心主题的部分一般由名词，代词，不定式，动名词或从部分一般由名词，代词，不定式，动名词或从句充当它的位置一般在句首句充当它的位置一般在

8、句首The girl is pretty.Reading is useful.To see is to believe.They are good friends.Whether we can finish the job is still unknown.谓语：谓语：l谓语说明主语做什么，是什么，怎么样，由谓语说明主语做什么，是什么，怎么样，由简单动词或者动词短语构成简单动词或者动词短语构成They are teachers.She looks well.He studies hard.He laughed at his classmates.He can speak English.1)及

9、物动词及物动词后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的实义动词实义动词，叫做及物动，叫做及物动词词(transitiveverb)。如：。如：Ibelievethatthecommitteewillconsideroursuggestion.我相信委员会将会考虑我们的建议。我相信委员会将会考虑我们的建议。“HowlongcanIkeepthebook?”Harryasked.哈里问：哈里问：“这本书我可以借多久这本书我可以借多久?”Dr.Bethunesetusagoodexample.白求恩大夫白求恩大夫给我们给我们树立了好榜样。树立了好榜样。Crudeoilcontainsma

10、nyusefulsubstances.原油原油含有含有许多有用的物质。许多有用的物质。及物动词与不及物动词及物动词与不及物动词2)不及物动词不及物动词本身意义完整后面不须跟宾语的实义动词，叫本身意义完整后面不须跟宾语的实义动词，叫做不及物动词做不及物动词(intransitiveverb)。如：。如：Birdsfly.鸟会飞。鸟会飞。IthappenedinJune1932.这件事发生于一九三；这件事发生于一九三；年六月。年六月。Mywatchstopped.我的表停了。我的表停了。Shespokeatthemeetingyesterdayevening.她在昨天晚上的会上发了言她在昨天晚上的

11、会上发了言3)兼作及物动词和不及物动词兼作及物动词和不及物动词:英语里有不少实义动词可英语里有不少实义动词可以兼作及物动词和不及物动词。这样的动词又有两种不以兼作及物动词和不及物动词。这样的动词又有两种不同的情况：同的情况：a)兼作及物动词和不及物动词时，兼作及物动词和不及物动词时，意义不变意义不变。试比较：。试比较：ShallIbeginatonce?我可以立刻开始吗我可以立刻开始吗?(begin作不作不及物动词及物动词)Shebeganworkingasalibrarianaftersheleftschool.她毕业后当图书馆管理员。她毕业后当图书馆管理员。(began作及物动词作及物动词

12、)WhendidtheyleaveChicago?他们是什么时候离开芝他们是什么时候离开芝加哥的？加哥的？(leave作及物动词作及物动词)Theyleftlastweek.他们是上周离开的。他们是上周离开的。(left作不及作不及物动词物动词)b)兼作及物动词和不及物动词时，兼作及物动词和不及物动词时，有时意义不尽相同有时意义不尽相同。如：如：Washyourhandsbeforemeals.饭前要洗手。饭前要洗手。Doesthisclothwashwell?这布经得起洗吗这布经得起洗吗?总而言之，一个动词后面如果可以接宾语就是及物动总而言之，一个动词后面如果可以接宾语就是及物动词。如果后面

13、不可以接宾语就是不及物动词。在英语中绝词。如果后面不可以接宾语就是不及物动词。在英语中绝大部分动词，既可以用做及物动词，也可以用做不及物动大部分动词，既可以用做及物动词，也可以用做不及物动词词,绝对及物或不及物的动词是很少的。如绝对及物或不及物的动词是很少的。如:HestudiesEnglishveryhard.(study后有宾语后有宾语English所以是及物动词所以是及物动词)Hestudieshard.(study后没有宾语所以是不及物动词后没有宾语所以是不及物动词)TheyhavereachedBeijing.(reach是绝对及物的动词，是绝对及物的动词，所以后面一定接宾语所以后面

14、一定接宾语)Whenwillyougothere?(go是绝对不及物的动词，后面是绝对不及物的动词，后面不可以接名词或代词，只可以接副词。如果要接名词或者不可以接名词或代词，只可以接副词。如果要接名词或者代词的话，要使用介词代词的话，要使用介词)如如:Whenwillyougotoschool?表语：表语：l表语说明主语是什么，或者怎么样，由名词，表语说明主语是什么，或者怎么样，由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，短语，或者从句充当表语位于短语，或者从句充当表语位于系动词系动词后面后面I am a teacher.She is happy.E

15、verybody is here.They are at home now.My job is to teach English.Seeing is believing.系动词系动词 系动词亦称联系动词（系动词亦称联系动词（Link Verb），作为系动词，），作为系动词，它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语（亦称补语），构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特（亦称补语），构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。征等情况。说明：说明：有些系动词又是实义动词，该动词表达实义时，有词义，有些系动词又是实义动词，该动词表达实义时，有词义

16、，可单独作谓语，例如：可单独作谓语，例如：He fell ill yesterday.他昨天病了。（他昨天病了。（fell是系动词，后跟补足语，说明主语是系动词，后跟补足语，说明主语情况。）情况。）He fell off the ladder.他从梯子上摔下来。他从梯子上摔下来。fell是实义动词，单独作谓语。是实义动词，单独作谓语。1）状态系动词）状态系动词用来表示主语状态，只有用来表示主语状态，只有be一词，例如：一词，例如：He is a teacher.他是一名教师。（他是一名教师。（is与补足语一起与补足语一起说明主语的身份。）说明主语的身份。）2）持续系动词）持续系动词用来表示主语

17、继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep,rest,remain,stay,lie,stand,例如：例如：He always kept silent at meeting.他开会时总保他开会时总保持沉默。持沉默。This matter rests a mystery.此事仍是一个谜。此事仍是一个谜。3）表像系动词）表像系动词 用来表示用来表示看起来像看起来像这一概念，主要有这一概念，主要有seem,appear,look,例如：例如：He looks tired.他看起来很累。他看起来很累。He seems(to be)very sad.他看起来很

18、伤心。他看起来很伤心。4）感官系动词）感官系动词 感官系动词主要有感官系动词主要有feel,smell,sound,taste,例如：例如：This kind of cloth feels very soft.这种布手感很软。这种布手感很软。This flower smells very sweet.这朵花闻起来很香。这朵花闻起来很香。5）变化系动词）变化系动词 这些系动词表示主语变成什么样，变化系动词主要有这些系动词表示主语变成什么样，变化系动词主要有become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run.例如：例如：He became mad after that.自那

19、之后，他疯了。自那之后，他疯了。She grew rich within a short time.她没多长时间就她没多长时间就富了。富了。6）终止系动词）终止系动词 表示主语已终止动作，主要有表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove,turn out,表达表达证证实实，变成变成之意，例如：之意，例如：The rumor proved false.这谣言证实有假。这谣言证实有假。The search proved difficult.搜查证实很难。搜查证实很难。His plan turned out a success.他的计划终于成功了。他的计划终于成功了。（turn out表终止性结果）表终止

20、性结果）宾语宾语l宾语是动作，行为的对象，由名词，代词，短宾语是动作，行为的对象，由名词，代词，短语，不定式，动名词，从句充当它和及物动语，不定式，动名词，从句充当它和及物动词一起说明主语做了什么，在谓语之后词一起说明主语做了什么，在谓语之后She plays the piano.He often helps me.I like watching TV.She likes to go to shop this afternoon.I think that he is good guy.宾语补足语宾语补足语l在英语中，有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思，在英语中，有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整

21、的意思，还必须在宾语后面家上宾语补足语才能表达完整的意思还必须在宾语后面家上宾语补足语才能表达完整的意思它起补充说明宾语干什么，怎么样的作用它起补充说明宾语干什么，怎么样的作用l它可以由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，现它可以由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，现在分词和过去分词充当在分词和过去分词充当 Leave the door open.We found John out when we arrived.Make yourself at home.I saw him enter the hall.The boss keeps them working all day.I hea

22、rd my name called.状语状语l状语用来修饰动词，形容词或副词它表示行为发状语用来修饰动词，形容词或副词它表示行为发生的时间，地点，目的，方式，程度一般由副词，生的时间，地点，目的，方式，程度一般由副词，介词短语，不定式或相当于副词的词或短语充当，介词短语，不定式或相当于副词的词或短语充当，也可由从句来充当也可由从句来充当He did it carefully.Without his help,we couldnt work it out.In order to catch up with my classmates,I must study hard.I was born on

23、 June 9th 1982 in Guangxi.He is writing with a pen.定语定语l定语用来修饰名词或代词形容词，代词，数定语用来修饰名词或代词形容词，代词，数词，名词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，分词，词，名词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，分词，从句都可以充当定语从句都可以充当定语 The black bike is mine.Whats your name?A broken vase.I have 5 books.A sleeping boy.They made paper flowers.The boy in the room is Jack.I have som

24、ething to do.It is a swimming pool.一一)挑出下列句中的挑出下列句中的宾语宾语Mybrotherhasntdonehishomework.PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.How many new words did you learn lastclass?Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?Theoldmansittingatthegatesaidhewasill.(二二)挑出下列句中的表挑出下列句中的表语语-Theoldmanwasfeeling

25、verytired.-Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.-Soon They all became interested in thesubject.(三三)挑出下列句中的定挑出下列句中的定语语1.Whatisyourgivenname?2.Iamafraidsomepeopleforgottosweepthefloor.3.Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.4.I am waiting for the sound of the othershoe!(四四)挑出下列句中的挑出下列句中的宾语补宾语补足足语语 She likes the child

26、ren to read newspapersandbooksinthereading-room.Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.Shefounditdifficulttodothework.TheycallmeLilysometimes.IsawMrWanggetonthebus.(五五)挑出下列句中的状挑出下列句中的状语语Therewasabigsmileonherface.Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.He began to learn English when he waseleven.Themanonthemot

27、orbikewastravelingtoofast.With the medicine box under her arm,MissLihurriedoff.Shelovesthelibrarybecauseshelovesbooks.Iamafraidthatifyouvelostit,youmustpayforit.ThestudentsfollowedUncleWangtoseetheothermachine.划分句子成分划分句子成分1.You will tell your friend that youve got to school.2.But as the moon gave fa

28、r too much light,I didnt dare open a window.3.Another time five months ago,I happened to be upstairs at dusk when the window was open.4.The dark,rainy evening,the wind,the thundering clouds held me entirely in their power.1.You will tell（your）friend that youve got to school.2.But as the moon gave fa

29、r too much light,I didntdare open a window.3.Another time five months ago,I happened to beUpstairs at dusk(when the window was open).4.The(dark,rainy)evening,the wind,the thunderingClouds held me entirely in their power.主语谓语谓语间宾间宾定语直接宾语原因状语原因状语主语 谓语谓语宾语宾语时间状语时间状语时间状语时间状语主语谓语谓语状语状语宾语宾语 HOMEWORK一、翻译下列

30、句子，并在系动词下划线。1.Five and five is ten.2.His father is in.3.The picture is on the wall.4.My watch is gone/missing/lost.5.The question is whether they will come.6.It sounds a good idea.7.Tom looks thin.8.The food smells delicious.9.Now I feel tired.10.The door remains open.二、翻译下列句子，并划出定语。1.Mr.Zhang is a

31、chemistry teacher.2.He is our friend.We belong to the third world.3.He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.4.The man over there is my old friend6.The boys playing football are in Class 2.7.The trees planted last year are growing well now.8.I have an idea to do it well.9.You should do everything that I do.10.The book whose cover is red is mine.