语法填空题答题技巧指导课件.ppt

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1、高考题型高考题型:语语 法法 填填 空空三种考察类型：三种考察类型：1.纯空格试题纯空格试题2.给出了动词的试题给出了动词的试题3.词类转换题词类转换题从语法填空题的设置来看，至少应当包括以从语法填空题的设置来看，至少应当包括以下下3个特点个特点一一、考考查查语语法法。每每一一个个空空格格的的设设置置都都必必定定涉涉及及到到某某一一条条或或某某几几条条语语法法规规则则，不不会会单单纯纯考考查单词查单词的拼写和的拼写和词组词组的用法。的用法。例例 1 In Greece,women had little freedom.Wealthy women hardly left their houses

2、,but they_(allow)to attend weddings and some festivals.解析：因解析：因allow与与they在逻辑上是动宾关系，在逻辑上是动宾关系，要用被动语态，用要用被动语态，用beallowed；由；由had,left可知可知be是一般过去式；主语是复数是一般过去式；主语是复数they，be的过去式是的过去式是were，答案是，答案是wereallowed。点评：此题就涉及到动词的时态、语态和主点评：此题就涉及到动词的时态、语态和主谓一致三条语法规则。谓一致三条语法规则。例例2The_whyIwassadwasthathedidntunderstan

3、dme.解析：因为解析：因为why引导的定语从句，前面的先引导的定语从句，前面的先行词一定是行词一定是reason。点评：此题看起来好像是考查填入恰当的名点评：此题看起来好像是考查填入恰当的名词，但实际上是考查定语从句。词，但实际上是考查定语从句。This strategy suggests that teachers have conversations with students to learn about _.1.缺主语或宾语，一定是填代词或名词（多考代词）缺主语或宾语，一定是填代词或名词（多考代词）Suddenly the wall moved-_ was made of trees

4、!itthem With_the help of the map he made,he got a valuable clue about the cause of the disease and was able to announce that the water was to blame.2.名词或代词前面是空格，而该名词或代名词或代词前面是空格，而该名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语，也不作动词的词在句中不作主语、表语，也不作动词的宾语时，很可能是填介词宾语时，很可能是填介词 In the early stages of parenting,the positive aspects of

5、having children are overshadowed by negative experiences,_ a lack of sleep,concerns about the childs well-being,or financial problems.like andEach winner receives a gold medal,a diploma,_ a sum of money.3.若两个或几个单词或短语之间没有连词，若两个或几个单词或短语之间没有连词，可能是填连词可能是填连词Write down everything you eat _ drink in a give

6、n day.andTeachers sometimes spend much time talking about students to their parents _ little time actually talking to students themselves.John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct _ he needed evidence.butbut theirOnce a year,people win this prize for _ work in physics,chemistry,medicine

7、,literature,economics,or world peace.4.名词前是空格，若该名词前无限定词，名词前是空格，若该名词前无限定词，则很可能是填限定词，即冠词，形容词性则很可能是填限定词，即冠词，形容词性物主代词，名词所有格，基数词，序数词物主代词，名词所有格，基数词，序数词,量词或量词或some,any,other(s),another等；等；5.若两句（一个主谓关系算一个句子）之间若两句（一个主谓关系算一个句子）之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，一定是填连没有连词，也没有分号或句号，一定是填连接词接词 Its also a good idea to take notes of

8、emotions related to _ you eat.This was very strange _ the earth was the centre of the solar system and all planets went round it.whatif Teachers should take advantage of the many methods _ can help them learn about their students.Then he returned to Russia to work with his father and mother,_ worked

9、 on explosive weapons.Many people said he was a bad person _he invented destructive weapons.Which/thatwhobecause 6.若结构较完整，空格后的谓语动词是若结构较完整，空格后的谓语动词是原形，特别是与上下文时态不一致或主原形，特别是与上下文时态不一致或主谓不一致时，很可能是填情态动词或表谓不一致时，很可能是填情态动词或表示强调或倒装的助动词（示强调或倒装的助动词（do,does,did）To their credit,the four countries _ work together

10、in some areas.They believed God had made the world and for that reason the earth was special and _ be the centre of the solar system.domust二、考虑语境。考虑语境。既然采用短文的形式来考既然采用短文的形式来考查语法，其目的就是要利用短文有较强查语法，其目的就是要利用短文有较强语境的特点来命题，否则，就不如用单语境的特点来命题，否则，就不如用单句来考查语法了。也就是说，考生要填句来考查语法了。也就是说，考生要填出正确答案，至少需理解整个句子的意出正确答案，至少

11、需理解整个句子的意思或各分句之间的逻辑关系，或者需要思或各分句之间的逻辑关系，或者需要理解前后几个句子，甚至整个段落或篇理解前后几个句子，甚至整个段落或篇章。章。例例4Severalchangeshavebroughtwildanimalstothe.Foremost,airandwaterqualityinmanycitieshaveimprovedasaresultofthe1970spollutioncontrolefforts解析：在冠词解析：在冠词the后必定是名词，再根据下句后必定是名词，再根据下句可确定要填可确定要填cities。点评：本题若只根据设空句本身，而不阅读并点评：本题

12、若只根据设空句本身，而不阅读并理解下文，是不可能填出正确答案的。理解下文，是不可能填出正确答案的。三、适当提示。三、适当提示。但是若涉及到动词的时态、语但是若涉及到动词的时态、语态、非谓语动词、词类转换等需要词形变化态、非谓语动词、词类转换等需要词形变化的空格的空格.例例7Oilpriceshaverisenby32percentsincethestartoftheyear,_(reach)arecordUS$57.65abarrelonApril4.解析：解析：reach及后面的内容是伴随着谓语动词及后面的内容是伴随着谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果，用现在分词作状的发生而产生的自然结果，用现

13、在分词作状语，故填语，故填reaching。例例8Itwouldbe_(believe)thatsuchanhonestfellowshouldhavebetrayedhisfriends!解析：因为在系动词解析：因为在系动词be后作表语，要用后作表语，要用believe的形容词形式的形容词形式believable；由句意；由句意“这样一个这样一个老实人竟会出卖朋友，真难以置信老实人竟会出卖朋友，真难以置信!”可知，还可知，还要在前面加上表示相反意义的前缀要在前面加上表示相反意义的前缀un，答案，答案为为unbelievable。1.给出了动词的试题给出了动词的试题 首先，要确定是谓语动词还是

14、非谓语动词。若句中没有别的谓语动词，所给动词就是谓语动词。若是谓语动词，就要考虑时态和语态若是谓语动词，就要考虑时态和语态。若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定用若是非谓语动词就要确定用Ving形式、形式、Ved形式，形式，还是用不定式形式（还是用不定式形式（todo），），确定方法如下：Ving形式表主动，进行形式表主动，进行或介词后或介词后Ved形式表被动，完成形式表被动，完成Todo形式表主动，将来，也作目形式表主动，将来，也作目的状语、结果状语及形容词后的状的状语、结果状语及形容词后的状语语 He got interested in tw

15、o theories _(explain)how cholera killed people.Nobel left his fortune _(create)the Nobel Prize.He was most famous for _(build)weapons of war.My eyes _(draw)to a package that had a picture of a fridge on it.explainingtocreatebuildingweredrawn John Snow,a well-known doctor in London,become _(inspire)w

16、hen he thought about helping ordinary people who _(expose)to cholera.His parents company,_(call)“Future Tours”,_(transport)me safely into the future in a time capsule._(worry)about the journey,I was unsettled for the first few days.inspiredwereexposedcalledtransportedWorried2.词类转换题词类转换题作表语，定语或补语，通常用

17、形容词形式作表语，定语或补语，通常用形容词形式 I helped him know he could be _(help)to others.The students study the effects of _(environment)realities.helpfulenvironmental作主语、及物动词或介词后宾语，用名词形式作主语、及物动词或介词后宾语，用名词形式 John Snow was able to announce with _(certain).certainty在冠词、形容词性物主代词后，或在冠词、形容词性物主代词后，或“冠词冠词+形容词形容词”后，用名词形式后，用名

18、词形式On December 10,the anniversary of the _(die)of NobelRecognizing what your bad eating habits are is of great _(important)in correcting the behavior.This gave him a _(value)clue about the cause of the disease.deathimportancevaluable修饰动词、形容词、副词，或整个句子，修饰动词、形容词、副词，或整个句子，作状语，用副词形式作状语，用副词形式_(sad)the lib

19、rary had moved from its original place into another building.By bending or pressing down in your seat,you can move _(swift).Sadlyswiftly有可能是词义转换题，词类不用变，主要是有可能是词义转换题，词类不用变，主要是考察具有与词根意义相反的派生词，需根据考察具有与词根意义相反的派生词，需根据句子意思及前后逻辑关系，在词根前加句子意思及前后逻辑关系，在词根前加un-，im-等，在词根后加等，在词根后加-less等等Also the more children you

20、ng couples have,the _(happy)they become.Your mistake caused a lot of _(necessary)work in the office.unhappierunnecessary备考策略1不断记忆，积累词汇。不断记忆，积累词汇。2夯实基础，学好语法。夯实基础，学好语法。3大声朗读，培养语感。大声朗读，培养语感。4坚持不懈，多做练习。坚持不懈，多做练习。Lets have a try:2010年高考题年高考题(广东省广东省)Ayoungman,whiletravelingthroughadesert,cameacrossaspring

21、ofclearwater.1waterwassweet.Hefilledhisleathercontainersothathecouldbringsomebacktoanelder2hadbeenhisteacher.Afterafour-dayjourney,theyoungman3(present)thewatertotheoldman.Histeachertookadeepdrink,smiled4(warm),andthankedhisstudentverymuchforthesweetwater.Theyoungmanwenthome5ahappyheart.Afterthestud

22、entleft,theteacherlet6studenttastethewater.Hespititout,7(say)itwasawful.Apparently,itwasnolongerfreshbecauseoftheoldleathercontainer.Heaskedhisteacher,Sir,thewaterwasawful.Whydidyoupretendtolike8?Theteacherreplied,Youtastedthewater.Itastedthegift.Thewaterwassimplythecontainerforanactofkindnessandlov

23、e.Nothingcouldbe9(sweet).Weunderstandthislessonbest10wereceivegiftsoflovefromchildren.Whetheritisacheappipeoradiamondnecklace,theproperresponseisappreciation.Welovetheideawithinthegiftratherthanthething.Ayoungman,whiletravelingthroughadesert,cameacrossaspringofclearwater.1waterwassweet.Hefilledhisle

24、athercontainersothathecouldbringsomebacktoanelder2hadbeenhisteacher.Afterafour-dayjourney,theyoungman3(present)thewatertotheoldman.Histeachertookadeepdrink,smiled4(warm),andthankedhisstudentverymuchforthesweetwater.Theyoungmanwenthome5ahappyheart.TheWho/thatpresentedwarmlywithAfterthestudentleft,the

25、teacherlet6studenttastethewater.Hespititout,7(say)itwasawful.Apparently,itwasnolongerfreshbecauseoftheoldleathercontainer.Heaskedhisteacher,Sir,thewaterwasawful.Whydidyoupretendtolike8?Theteacherreplied,Youtastedthewater.Itastedthegift.Thewaterwassimplythecontainerforanactofkindnessandlove.Nothingcouldbe9(sweet).anothersayingIt/thatsweeterWeunderstandthislessonbest10wereceivegiftsoflovefromchildren.Whetheritisacheappipeoradiamondnecklace,theproperresponseisappreciation.Welovetheideawithinthegiftratherthanthething.whenSuccess ahead!Thank you!