四六级应试技巧：写作训练.ppt

《四六级应试技巧：写作训练.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《四六级应试技巧：写作训练.ppt（69页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、 大学英语四、六级考试大学英语四、六级考试 写作知识与技巧写作知识与技巧 作文作文完型填空完型填空翻译翻译听力听力快速阅读快速阅读选词填空选词填空传统阅读传统阅读在答题纸1上作答,完成后交答题纸1.剩下题目在答卡2上作答.作文作文(30)完型填空完型填空(15)翻译翻译(5)听力听力(35)快速阅读快速阅读(15)选词填空选词填空传统阅读传统阅读在答题纸1上作答,完成后交答题纸1.剩下题目在答卡2上作答.25125分钟分钟四、六级作文的考试要求1.考生应在30分钟内，根据题目要求及写作提纲或规定情节，图表等写出120/150字以上，语言比较规范的短文。2.要求“内容切题，包括提纲的全部要点，表

2、达清楚，文字连贯。句式有变化，句子结构和用词正确。”2分条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。5分基本切题。表达思想不清楚，连贯性差。有较多的严重语言错误。68分基本切题。有些地方表达思想不够清楚，文字勉强连贯；语言错误相当多，其中有一些是严重错误。9-11分切题。表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。14分切题。表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯性好。基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错。评分标准评分标准句子写作训练 正确无误的句子标准正确无误的句子标准 1.保持句子结构完整。2.首字母要大写。3.结尾要有句号或问号或感叹号或省略号。4.句子应表达一个完整的意思。5

3、.句子前后要符合逻辑推理。6.主语为代词时要指代明晰。7.句子时态要正确，主要指前后一致或符合 上下文场景。常见问题常见问题1.句子不完整句子不完整Becausesmokingwilldoharmtooneshealth.Peopleshouldtrynottosmoke.Peopleshouldavoidsmokingcigarettesbecauseitwilldoharmtotheirhealth.2.主谓不一致主谓不一致例如:AveragenumberofhoursastudentspendontheInternetkeepsincreasingveryfast.应改为：Theaver

4、agehoursastudentspendsontheInternetkeepincreasingrapidly.3.句子不间断句子不间断Ihaveabrother,hethinksthat“6”and“8”areluckynumberstoChinesepeople.两个分句之间缺乏关联此，仅用逗号连接。尽管在现代英语中，用逗号连接两个分句的情况越来越常见，但是在正式的文体中，还是要尽量避免出现此类句子。Ihaveabrotherwhothinksthat“6”and“8”areluckynumberstoChinesepeople.4.时态混乱时态混乱Therearealmostnocar

5、ontheroad.Maybethedriversgotcareless.Therewasalmostnocarontheroadatthattime,sothedrivermusthavebeenverycareless.5.逻辑混乱逻辑混乱1）修饰语错位）修饰语错位Sheputthescarfaroundherneckthatsheboughtyesterday.Sheputaroundherneckthescarfthatsheboughtyesterday.2)悬垂修饰语悬垂修饰语所谓悬垂修饰语是指句首的短语所修饰的成分没有明确指出，造成句子逻辑关系的混乱。Todowellincoll

6、ege,highmarksareessential.Todowellincollege,astudentneedshighmarks.6.中式英语中式英语考生作文中经常出现英语汉化的现象，即中式英语的问题。比如Manisiron,andfoodissteel,Womenarehalfsidesky等说法。如何克服中式思维带来的影响，关键在于动笔前先思考一下类似的英文句式，尽量找到规范的英语表达方式，不能随心所欲。Thisisbecausefakecommoditiescanmakealotofmoney.中文口语中，我们用“假货可以赚很多”来表达“通过生产或销售假货，人们可以赚很多钱”的意思。

7、但这不符合英语的表达习惯，fakecommodities作makealotofmoney的逻辑主语，会让人难以理解。Thisisbecauseoneislikelytomakealotofmoneybyproducingorsellingfakecommodities.四级作文使用率最高的四级作文使用率最高的12个基本句式个基本句式1表示原因表示原因1）Therearethreereasonsforthis2）Thereasonsforthisareasfollows3）Thereasonforthisisobvious4）Thereasonforthisisnotfartoseek5）The

8、reasonforthisisthat6）Wehavegoodreasontobelievethat2表示好处表示好处1）Ithasthefollowingadvantages2）Itdoesusalotofgood3）Itbenefitsusquitealot4）Itisbeneficialtous5）Itisofgreatbenefittous3表示坏处表示坏处1）It has more disadvantages than advantages2）It does us much harm 3）It is harmful to us4表示重要、必要、困难、方便、可能表示重要、必要、困难、方

9、便、可能1）Itisimportant（necessary，difficult，convenient，possible）forsbtodosth2）Wethinkitnecessarytodosth3）Itplaysanimportantroleinourlife5表示措施1）Weshouldtakesomeeffectivemeasures2）Weshouldtryourbesttoovercome（conquer）thedifficulties3）Weshoulddoourutmostindoingsth4）Weshouldsolvetheproblemsthatweareconfront

10、ed（faced）with6表示变化表示变化1）Somechangeshavetakenplaceinthepastfiveyears2）Agreatchangewillcertainlybeproducedintheworldscommunications3）Thecomputerhasbroughtaboutmanychangesineducation7表示事实、现状表示事实、现状1）Wecannotignorethefactthat2）Noonecandenythefactthat3）Thereisnodenyingthefactthat4）Thisisaphenomenonthatma

11、nypeopleareinterestedin5）However，thatsnotthecase8表示比较表示比较1）ComparedwithA，B2）IprefertoreadratherthanwatchTV3）Thereisastrikingcontrastbetweenthem9表示数量表示数量1）Ithasincreased（decreased）fromto2）Thepopulationinthiscityhasnowincreased（decreased）to800，0003）TheoutputofJulyinthisfactoryincreasedby15comparedwith

12、thatofJanuary10.表示看法表示看法1）Peoplehave（take，adopt，assume）differentattitudestowardssth2）Peoplehavedifferentopinionsonthisproblem3）Peopletakedifferentviewsof（on）thequestion4）SomepeoplebelievethatOthersarguethat11表示结论表示结论1）Inshort，itcanbesaidthat2）Itmaybebrieflysummedupasfollows3）Fromwhathasbeenmentioned

13、above，wecancometotheconclusionthat12套语套语1）Itswellknowntousthat2）Asisknowntous，3）Thisisatopicthatisbeingwidelytalkedabout4）Fromthegraph（table，chart）listedabove，itcanbeseenthat5）Asaproverbsays，“Wherethereisawill，thereisawayPracticeRewrite the following sentences.1.句子成分残缺不全句子成分残缺不全Wealwaysworkingtillla

14、teatnightbeforetakingexams.（误）Wearealwaysworking/Wealwaysworktilllateatnightbeforetakingexams（正）Weshouldreadbooksmaybeusefultous.（误）Weshouldreadbookswhichmaybeusefultous.（正）2.句子成分多余句子成分多余Thistestisend，butthereisanothertestiswaitingforyou.（误）Onetestends，butanotheriswaitingforyou.（正）Thedriveroftheredc

15、arwasdiedonthespot.（误）Thedriveroftheredcardiedonthespot.（正）3.主谓不一致主谓不一致Someone/Somebodythinkthatreadingshouldbeselective.（误）Somethinkthatreadingshouldbeselective.（正）Mysistergotothecinemaatleastonceaweek.（误）Mysistergoestothecinemaatleastonceaweek.（正）4.动词时态、语态的误用动词时态、语态的误用I was walking along the road，

16、and there are not so many cars on the street.（误）I was walking along the road and there were not so many vehicles on the street.（正）We have little time to read some books which we interest.（误）We have little time to read some books in which we are interested.（正）I am a student who has studying in the co

17、llege for two years.（误）I have been studying in the college for two years（正）5.词类混淆词类混淆It is my point that reading must be selectively.（误）In my opinion，reading must be selective.（正）Honest is so important for every person.（误）Honesty is so important for everyone.（正）The old man was hit by a car when he a

18、cross the street.（误）The old man was hit by a car when he was crossing the street.（正）6.名词可数与不可数的误用名词可数与不可数的误用Toomuchtestsaredisadvantageforstudentsstudy.（误）Toomanytestsaredisadvantageoustostudents.（正）Inmodernsociety，peopleareundervariouspressures（误）Inmodernsociety，peopleareundervariouskindsofpressure

19、.7.动词及物与不及物的误用动词及物与不及物的误用Thetrafficaccidentwastakenplaceatthejunctionoftwohighways.（误）Thetrafficaccidenttookplaceatthejunctionoftwohighways.（正）Becauseofhisexcellentperformance，thebossrosehissalary.（误）Becauseofhisexcellentperformance，thebossraisedhissalary.（正）8.介词介词to和不定式符号的混淆和不定式符号的混淆Toomanytestswil

20、ldoharmtocultivateourindependentthinking.（误）Toomanytestswilldoharmtothecultivationofourindependentthinking.（正）Allthesecontributedtosolvetheseriousproblem.（误）Allthesecontributedtothesolutiontotheseriousproblem.（正）9.情态动词的误用情态动词的误用Itmaynotgoodtoourhealth.（误）Itmaybenotgoodtoourhealth.（正）Theyshouldspentm

21、uchtime.（误）Theyshouldspendmuchtime.（正）10.Therebe句型的误用句型的误用 There exists some new problems such as being dishonest.（误）There exist/arise some new problems such as being dishonest.（正）There are many way to solve the tuition and fees of college education.（误）There are many ways to raise the money for the

22、tuition and fees for college education.（正）11.动宾搭配不当动宾搭配不当We must pay attention to it and make solutions to the problem.（误）We must pay attention and find a solution to the problem.（正）It also may help you to make success.（误）It may also help you succeed/obtain your goal.（正）12.根据中文逐字硬译根据中文逐字硬译If someone

23、s family situation is not well，he can apply for loan to bank.（误）If ones family is not well off，he can apply to the bank for aloan.（正）Let alone touch the outside world of campus/keep a good body health（误）Let alone get in touch with the world outside of the campus/keep fit（正）PassageWriting 引言Introduct

24、ion交代背景Background)点明主题Thesis概括性介绍文章的发展，内容和作者的观点 正文 Body主题句TopicS.拓展句SupportingS.总结句ConclusionS.详细具体地展开（叙述，论述，说明）文章的话题和作者的态度 结论Conclusion小结Summary概括大意，重复要点，得出结论，提出建议Opening常用与开头的短语、句式(1)Withthe（rapidly）growingpopularityof（computers,/private cars/,our lives has beenconsiderablychanged）inChina，thequali

25、tyof（2）With the（rapid）growth of（our economy/population)，many problems such as（watershortages/wasteofenergy/lackofprofessionalsandchaoticmanagement）arebeggingtosurface(3)With thedevelopmentof（scienceandtechnology/market economy），more andmore/anincreasingnumberofpeoplecometorealizethat(4)Currently the

26、re is a widespread/seriousconcern over(illegal publication/drug abuse/negativeinfluenceofwesterncultures).(5)Nowadays,a heated debated/discussionaboutisunderwayinChina.somepeoplebelievethat,whereasothersarguethat中间段的写作中间段的写作1.列举法通过列举一系列论据对论点进行多方面的陈述、解释列举的顺序可按照内容的重要性、时间顺序、空间层次等确定。2.举例法举出具体事例阐述或说明论点（主

27、题句）的内容与列举法的区别：前者侧重罗列事实，力求全面；而举例法侧重举出典型事例，事例可多可少3.对比比较法同类事物按照某种特定的规则进行比较分析异同、优缺点4.因果分析法逻辑性Onereasonisthat.Anotherreasonisthat.主题句主题句（topicsentence）是表达段落主题的句子。它用以概括段落大意，要求全段其他文字都围绕它展开。请看下例：主题句的位置主题句通常放在段落的开端，其特点是开门见山地摆出问题，然后加以详细说明。其作用是使文章的结构更清晰，更具说服力，便于读者迅速地把握主题和想象全段的内容。主题句可以放在段中起到承上启下的作用，或放在段尾起概括全段的作

28、用。但初学者比较难于掌握，因而在四级考试中，考生应尽量采用将主题句放在段落开头的写作手法。（主题句）Noonecanavoidbeinginfluencedbyadvertisements.（推展句1）Muchaswemayprideourselvesonourgoodtaste,wearenolongerfreetochoosethethingswewant,foradvertisingexertsasubtleinfluenceonus.（推展句2）Intheireffortstopersuadeustobuythisorthatproduct,advertisershavemadeacl

29、osestudyofhumannatureandhaveclassifiedallourlittleweakness.PracticeWriteaparagraphbasedontheabovetopicsentence:Grouppurchasinghasmanyadvantages.末段的写作末段的写作概括全文内容，进一步强调或肯定文章的中心思想展望未来提出解决方案或令人深思的问题1.结论法Fromwhathasbeendiscussedabove,wemaysafelydrawtheconclusionthat_.Insummary/Inaword/Onbalance,itismorev

30、aluablethat_.2.建议法Whileitcannotbesolvedimmediately,stillthereareways.Themostpopularis_.Anothermethodis_.Stillanotheroneis_.Awareness/Recognitionoftheproblemisthefirststeptowardthesituation.3.方向性结尾法Manysolutionsarebeingofferedhere,allofwhichmakesomesense,butnoneisadequateenough.Theproblemshouldbereco

31、gnizedinawideway.Thereisnoquickmethodtotheissueof_,but_mightbehelpful/beneficial.常用于结尾的短语、句式（1）Itishopedthatweshouldplacemuchemphasison/paymoreattentionto（2）Toconclude，wecanseethat（thebestway/thepossiblesolution）is（3）In short，（shortages of water，decrease of fertile fields and environmentalpollution）

32、are the major problems to besolvedto（increaserainproduction）（4）Inordertomakeourworldabetterplacein which to live we shouldmake greateffortsto（5）Inaword，therearethreesuggestionswe must follow，only in this way canwe（achieveagreatsuccess）（6）Itistimeforustotakeanactivepartin（7）Let us work hand in hand i

33、n handto（solvethesesocialproblems）12句作文法句作文法(1)Nowadays,many universities are opening various electives for the students to choose,which has aroused great concern.(2)Optional courses provide a good chance for the students to make better use of their spare time.(3)In addition,they are a beneficial su

34、pplement to the limited required courses.(4)There are many different factors deciding what electives the students choose.(5)Among all these factors,the interests of the student plays a very important role.(6)The students,of course,would like to learn what he is interested in.(7)Moreover,many student

35、s will consider whether they could learn some practical skill through the electives,because nowadays companies are placing emphasis on a candidates practical skills.(8)Besides,the ability and prestige of the teacher who teaches the elective will also influence one students choice.(9)Therefore,it is

36、no wonder that different students may choose different optional courses.(10)As to me,I choose history as one of my electives because not only can it enrich my knowledge but also it is one of my favorite subjects since I was a child.(11)Besides,By learning this course,I feel the happiness of combinin

37、g study and recreation.(12)In a word,different electives have its different topics,so we should choose the electives suitable to us according to our needs.PracticeWriteapassagebasedonthefollowingtopic.OnlinePurchasing现在团购很流行团购有很多好处，但也有不少问题我的建议PracticeWriteapassagebasedonthefollowingtopic.OnlinePurchasing检查修改1.时态：议论文一般现在时描述文过去时时态一致2.主谓关系单复数3.人称一致4.可数不可数5.指代问题6.冠词的用法7.词组和短语的固定搭配8.单词拼写9.标点符号