英汉翻译中词义的引申.ppt

《英汉翻译中词义的引申.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《英汉翻译中词义的引申.ppt（33页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、unit7 unit7 词义词义的引申的引申翻翻译译法法 课前练笔课前练笔Not all mergers,however,are the result of global economic trends,political change or technological innovation.BMWs takeover of the Rover Group injected much needed investment into the strugging UKcar manufacturer whilst exteding BMWsproduct range.然而并非所有的合并都是经济全球化

2、趋势、政治变化或者技术革新所带来的结果。德国宝马汽车公司接管了罗福汽车集团，这给在挣扎中求生存的英国汽车制造公司注入了急需的资金，同时也拓展了宝马公司本身的产品范围1.Then this girl gets killed,because she is always speeding.译文：今后这女孩会送命的，因为她老是违反交通规则2.Every life has its rose and thorns.荆棘译文：生活有苦有甜3.He is the champion of the colonial regiem(殖民统治)and of the racial segregation(种族歧视)译文

3、：他是殖民统治和种族歧视的罪魁祸首4.the car in front of me stalled adn I missed the green.译文：我前头的那辆车停住了，因此，我错过了绿灯何谓引申何谓引申 定义：引申法，就是根据上下文的内定义：引申法，就是根据上下文的内在联系，通过句中词或词组乃至整句在联系，通过句中词或词组乃至整句的字面意义由表及里，运用一些符合的字面意义由表及里，运用一些符合汉语习惯的表达法，选用确切的汉语汉语习惯的表达法，选用确切的汉语词句，将原文内容的实质准确地表达词句，将原文内容的实质准确地表达出来。出来。（P63P63）从词义角度看，引申可分为抽抽象化引申象化引

4、申和具体化引申具体化引申从句法层面来看，引申可分为逻辑引申逻辑引申、语用引申语用引申、修辞引修辞引申申、概念范围的调整概念范围的调整翻译方法讲解翻译方法讲解具体具体抽象抽象将词义做抽象化引申是指对原文中某些字面意义明确具体的词，采用汉语中的含义抽象、概括的词语来表达I was practically on my knees but he still refused.我几乎是苦苦哀求，但他依然拒绝Please dont wake a sleeping dog.请不要惹是生非抽象抽象具体具体将词义具体化引申是指，勇代表抽象概念或属性的词来表达一种具体事物时，用具体化的事物来表达，还其具体的本来面目

5、。使读者一目了然He is the admiration of the whole school。他是全校所敬佩的人。The car in front of me stalled and I missed the green.我前头的那辆车停住了，我错过了绿灯逻辑引申逻辑引申 逻辑引申：是指在翻译的过程中，由逻辑引申：是指在翻译的过程中，由于直译某个词、短语乃至整个句子会于直译某个词、短语乃至整个句子会使译文不通顺以及不符合目的语的表使译文不通顺以及不符合目的语的表达习惯，因而就要根据上下文的逻辑达习惯，因而就要根据上下文的逻辑关系，对该词、短语或整个句子从其关系，对该词、短语或整个句子从其本

6、义出发，由表及里，运用符合目的本义出发，由表及里，运用符合目的语习惯的表现法，选用确切的词句，语习惯的表现法，选用确切的词句，将原文内容的实质准确地表达出来。将原文内容的实质准确地表达出来。Example（P64)1.1.Our unique concept Our unique concept was a responsewas a response to to buyer needs,bringing greater reliability,buyer needs,bringing greater reliability,higher-quality output,exceptional

7、user-higher-quality output,exceptional user-friendliness and operational ease.friendliness and operational ease.我我们们唯一的信念就是要唯一的信念就是要适适应应购买购买者的需要，者的需要，生生产产更可靠的、更可靠的、质质量更高的量更高的产产品，品，让让使用者使用者感到格外好用和操作方便。感到格外好用和操作方便。2.All services in business such as gift 2.All services in business such as gift wrapping

8、,delivery,and credit have wrapping,delivery,and credit have some amount of costs associated with some amount of costs associated with them,and these costs must be them,and these costs must be coveredcovered by higher prices.by higher prices.商商业业中所有的服中所有的服务务如礼品包装、送如礼品包装、送货货以以及及赊帐赊帐都有相都有相应应的成本，而的成本，而这

9、这些成本要些成本要靠靠较较高的价格来高的价格来弥弥补补。1.1.You You remindremind me very much me very much ofof Lenin,Lenin,whom I met in this building fifty-two whom I met in this building fifty-two years ago.years ago.我我觉觉得你得你很像很像列宁，列宁，5252年前，我就是在年前，我就是在这这座座大厦里同他大厦里同他见见面的。面的。2.2.In fact,one mould can produce many In fact,one

10、 mould can produce many thousands of articles thousands of articles beforebefore it wears it wears out.out.事事实实上，一个模子生上，一个模子生产产成千上万件成千上万件产产品品之后之后才会破坏。才会破坏。Exercise语用引申语用引申 定义：把原文里的弦外之音定义：把原文里的弦外之音（implicationimplication）补译出来，就属于）补译出来，就属于语用学引申的手法。语用学是非语语用学引申的手法。语用学是非语义学的语义研究。这种非语义学的义学的语义研究。这种非语义学的语用意

11、义，一般都不通过词汇、语语用意义，一般都不通过词汇、语法手段表示，它是非规约性的、潜法手段表示，它是非规约性的、潜在的；受话人凭借交际能力来理解在的；受话人凭借交际能力来理解这种语用意义，换句话说，它是结这种语用意义，换句话说，它是结合交际对方、交际目的和交际情景，合交际对方、交际目的和交际情景，从说话人词语中引申出来的意义。从说话人词语中引申出来的意义。Example(P65)1.The EECs Common Agriltural policy is a1.The EECs Common Agriltural policy is a dinosaur dinosaur which s ad

12、ding which s adding 13.50 a week to thefood bill of he 13.50 a week to thefood bill of he average British family.average British family.欧洲欧洲经济经济共同体的共同体的农业农业共同政策共同政策早已不合早已不合时时宜了宜了，它要使，它要使英国家庭平均每周在食品开英国家庭平均每周在食品开销销上多支出上多支出13.013.0英英镑镑2.These days,the U.S.economy isnt2.These days,the U.S.economy isntgr

13、aduating graduating enough scientiststo fill the need ofthe coming enough scientiststo fill the need ofthe coming decades,fret Charles C.Leighton,thats a really decades,fret Charles C.Leighton,thats a really concern.concern.近来，美国近来，美国经经 未培养出未培养出足足够够的科学家来的科学家来满满足几十年足几十年发发展展的需要，的需要，查查尔尔斯斯C C 莱莱顿顿抱怨抱怨说

14、说，“这这才是真正需要关注才是真正需要关注的的问题问题。”1.The new father wore a proud smile.刚做了父亲的那个人刚做了父亲的那个人面带着得意的笑容。面带着得意的笑容。2.Cleverer heads than mine might have seen his drift 比我聪明的人，才弄得懂他比我聪明的人，才弄得懂他葫芦里卖的是什么药。葫芦里卖的是什么药。3.Words once reserved for restroom walls are now common stuff in films,plays,books and even on televis

15、ion.曾经是不登大雅之堂的言语，曾经是不登大雅之堂的言语，如今充斥于电影、戏剧、书如今充斥于电影、戏剧、书籍之中，甚至充斥在电视上。籍之中，甚至充斥在电视上。4.He had lived all his life in desert where every cupful of water might be a matter of life and death.他一直在沙漠上生活，这地方他一直在沙漠上生活，这地方每一杯水都得精打细算地用；每一杯水都得精打细算地用；一杯水可能是生死攸关的事。一杯水可能是生死攸关的事。Exercise 修辞引申修辞引申（P66P66）原文作者在文章中使用修辞手法，

16、是为原文作者在文章中使用修辞手法，是为了使语言更加形象生动，鲜明突出；或了使语言更加形象生动，鲜明突出；或者使语言更加整齐匀称，音调铿锵，以者使语言更加整齐匀称，音调铿锵，以便更深入地阐明事件的意义或刻画人物便更深入地阐明事件的意义或刻画人物的性格。因此，译文中若不能正确表现的性格。因此，译文中若不能正确表现原文的修辞格，就不能准确地表达作者原文的修辞格，就不能准确地表达作者的思想和文风，就不符合的思想和文风，就不符合“忠实、通顺忠实、通顺”的翻译标准。的翻译标准。Example(P66)1.It is very much like communicating with 1.It is ver

17、y much like communicating with an an accorate accorate robot who has avery small robot who has avery small vocabulary and who takes everything literally.vocabulary and who takes everything literally.那很像同那很像同一一丝丝不苟不苟的机器人的机器人讲话讲话一一样样，机器人只，机器人只有很少的有很少的词汇词汇，而且事事刻板，而且事事刻板2.The most successful manufacture

18、rs make it 2.The most successful manufacturers make it their business to understand consumr their business to understand consumr psychology-how to use design,both in psychology-how to use design,both in marketing and productio,to make their marketing and productio,to make their productsproductsspeak

19、speakto consumer.to consumer.最成功的制造商总是把了解消费者心理，即在营最成功的制造商总是把了解消费者心理，即在营销和生产力中如何运用设计来让产品向消费者销和生产力中如何运用设计来让产品向消费者“表达情感表达情感，作为职责。，作为职责。1.1.Advice and correction roll off him Advice and correction roll off him like water like water off a ducks back.off a ducks back.劝导对劝导对他他好象水好象水过鸭过鸭背似的背似的(不起作用不起作用)。2.2

20、.He said:“If one has anything to say,it He said:“If one has anything to say,it drops from him simply and directly drops from him simply and directly as a stone as a stone falls to the ground.”falls to the ground.”他他说说：“如果一个人要如果一个人要说说什么，就什么，就应应像竹筒倒豆子像竹筒倒豆子那那样样直截了当地直截了当地说说出来。出来。”3.3.Mr.Smith may serve

21、 as a good secretary,Mr.Smith may serve as a good secretary,for he is for he is a as close as an oysters close as an oyster.（as dumb as as dumb as an oyster.an oyster.）史密斯先生可以当个好秘史密斯先生可以当个好秘书书，因，因为为他守口如瓶他守口如瓶。Exercise4.A large segment of mankind 4.A large segment of mankind turns to untrammeled(turn

22、s to untrammeled(自由自在自由自在)nature as)nature as a last refugeefrom a last refugeefrom encroaching(encroaching(侵占，蚕食侵占，蚕食)technology.)technology.许多人都想向往回归自然，作为他们许多人都想向往回归自然，作为他们躲避现代技术侵害的躲避现代技术侵害的世外桃源世外桃源。概念范围的调整概念范围的调整（P67）词的概念范围常常应在具体的语境中加以调词的概念范围常常应在具体的语境中加以调整，或扩大外延而缩小内涵，或缩小外延整，或扩大外延而缩小内涵，或缩小外延而丰富内涵而

23、丰富内涵.此外，此外，根据词义变化和调整的根据词义变化和调整的程度不同，也就是根据引申义和本义的差程度不同，也就是根据引申义和本义的差异之大小，词义引申可简单分为三个层次：异之大小，词义引申可简单分为三个层次：近似、深化、升华。近似、深化、升华。近似引申：指接近本义，但又不为本义所近似引申：指接近本义，但又不为本义所限的引申；限的引申；深化引申：指赋予新义，但与本义在字面深化引申：指赋予新义，但与本义在字面上尚有蛛丝马迹的联系；上尚有蛛丝马迹的联系；升华引申：出自本义但在字面上远离本义升华引申：出自本义但在字面上远离本义Example(P67)1.In their rush,these com

24、panies have negelectd the 1.In their rush,these companies have negelectd the harest part of doing business in China;thepeople harest part of doing business in China;thepeople part.The result is that many hav jeopardized their part.The result is that many hav jeopardized their performance performance

25、 in the long run.in the long run.这这些公司在一些公司在一拥拥而入之中忽略了再中国而入之中忽略了再中国经营经营最最艰艰巨的巨的问题问题，即即认认得得问题问题，结结果果许许多公司多公司严严重重损损害了他害了他们们的的远远期期经营业经营业绩绩。2.The computer makes possible a marvelous leap in 2.The computer makes possible a marvelous leap in human proficiency;it human proficiency;it pulls down the fences

26、pulls down the fences around around the practical and eventhe theoretialintelligence.the practical and eventhe theoretialintelligence.计计算机使人算机使人类类的能力有可能的能力有可能产产生巨大的生巨大的飞跃飞跃；它；它拓展拓展了人了人类类从事从事实实践工作甚至理践工作甚至理论论工作的智慧。工作的智慧。And now for the good news:Stockholm residents enjoy sunbathing in November.Antarct

27、ic tourism is booming.Siberia has become the worlds breakfast.这是令人庆幸的消息：斯德哥尔摩居民在十一月尚能享受这是令人庆幸的消息：斯德哥尔摩居民在十一月尚能享受日光浴，南极的旅游业日趋兴旺，西伯利亚成了日光浴，南极的旅游业日趋兴旺，西伯利亚成了世界粮仓世界粮仓。（近似）（近似）A scientist constantly tried to defeat his hypotheses,his theories,and his conclusion.科学家经常设法否定自己的假设，科学家经常设法否定自己的假设，推翻推翻自己的理论，并自己

28、的理论，并放放弃弃自己的结论。自己的结论。（深化）（深化）In older canes that have already paired off,dancing reinforces the union its a sort of annual renewal of “vows”.对已有配偶的成年鹤来说，舞蹈会加强相互之间的结合对已有配偶的成年鹤来说，舞蹈会加强相互之间的结合 这成了每年都要举行的一种这成了每年都要举行的一种重温重温“山盟海誓山盟海誓”的仪式的仪式。（升华）（升华）1.In the third quarter,all of our geographic markets expe

29、rienced growth,except for Europe,which has been faced with weak economic conditions.在第三季度，除了欧洲一直面临着低迷的经济状况之外，我们所有的地域市场都呈现出增长的态势2.Interactive data broadcasting,for example,can provide services capable of allowing viewers to purchase local specialties featured in a program by using the remote control.

30、交互式数据传输，比如说，可以提供能让观众用遥控器就能买买到在节目中大肆宣传的土特产的服务翻译练习3.Since the initiation of economic reforms in the late 1970s China has achieved impressive economic growth coupled with significant structural transformation.自20世纪70年代着手经济改革以来，中国已取得令人瞩目的经济增长态势，发生了重大的结构转变4.Additional money easing was intended to prevent

31、 the injection of public funds into HSBC Holdings PLC form causing uncertainties over the financial system before it was too late.附加的货币宽松政策旨在及时防止公共资金注入汇丰控股有限公司，以免造成金融体系动荡不安的局面5.Over the period from 1978 to 1996,many of the distortions and rigidities of the former central planning system were elimina

32、ted and market forces came to play an increasingly important role in economic decision making.自1978年到1996年这段时间里，在中央计划经济体制下以往那些扭曲的行事方式和死板的作法很多都被摒弃了，市场力量在经济决策中扮演着越来越重要的作用6.The global reorganization of industries has not extended home appliance manufacturers,as electrical products have different specif

33、ication is different countries.对对不同不同产业进产业进行全球范行全球范围围的重的重组组尚未波及家用尚未波及家用电电器制造商器制造商因因为电为电器器产产品在不同国家有不同品在不同国家有不同规规格格7 7.The amount of carbon dioxide emitted by thermal power.The amount of carbon dioxide emitted by thermal power plants comprises about 30 present of the total mission of plants comprises

34、about 30 present of the total mission of carbon dioxide in the nation.carbon dioxide in the nation.火力火力发电发电厂排放出的二氧化碳厂排放出的二氧化碳总总量量约约占整个国家二氧化碳占整个国家二氧化碳总总排放量的排放量的30%30%8.As the demand for domestic stell has been increasing in China and among domestic appliance manufacturers,the nations steel manufactur

35、ers are producing at full capacity.由于中国以及家用电器制造商对钢铁的需求在不短增加，整个国家的钢铁生产商正在开足马力生产钢铁9.Under a new system schedule to be introduced in April 2011,all new doctors will be required to undergo on-the job training at designed hospital for two years after graduation.根据预定在2011年4月出台的新制度，要求所有新上岗的医生在毕业之后要在指定医院接受两

36、年的在职培训10.A corporate group saddled with money-losing companies could take advantage of the consolidated tax payment system to reduce its tax burden.肩负起拯救亏损公司的企业集团，可以使用合并的纳税制度来减免其税务负担11.Throughout the past two decades,GATT(The General Agreement on Tariff and Trade)has been increasingly preoccupied wi

37、th the trading problems and needs of the developing countries,with account for more than two-third of its membership.在过去的二十年中，关贸总协定一直越来越关注占成员国三分之二以上的发展中国家的各种贸易问题及需求12.Abolishing the housing loan tax break would reduce the number of housing stars by 100 000,which translate into an economic loss of 60

38、0million dollars.废除住宅贷款减免税额，就以为着减少住宅开工数10万户，换算成经济损失即为6亿美元13.Growth industries,such as information technology and biotechnology,will sustain the global economy in the future by utilizing advanced technology and expertise.诸如信息技术和生物技术等快速发展的行业，在未来将通过运用先进的技术和专门的知识来支撑整个世界的经济14.Preferential tax treatment t

39、hat the U.S.Government extends to corporations runs counter to a WTO agreement that bans subsidies.美国政府扩大对各企业实行优惠税制的做法，违反了WTO关于禁止对出口产品进行补贴的协议15.During the feasibility evaluation period,the parties will jointly undertake the product development and conduct internal tasting on the product.在可行性评估期间，双方将共同进行该项产品的开发，展开对该项产品的内部测试 THANK YOU!-Made by