高温和高压设备用碳素钢与合金钢螺栓和螺母的规格.pdf

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1、Designation:A 194/A 194M 07Endorsed byManufacturers Standardization Societyof the Valve and Fittings IndustryUsed in USNRC-RDT StandardsStandard Specification forCarbon and Alloy Steel Nuts for Bolts for High Pressure orHigh Temperature Service,or Both1This standard is issued under the fixed designa

2、tionA 194/A 194M;the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon(e)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or

3、 reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1.Scope*1.1 This specification2covers a variety of carbon,alloy,andmartensitic stainless steel nuts in the size range14through 4in.and metric M6 through M100 nominal.It also coversaustenitic stainless steel

4、nuts in the size range14in.and M6nominal and above.These nuts are intended for high-pressureor high-temperature service,or both.Grade substitutions with-out the purchasers permission are not allowed.1.2 Bars from which the nuts are made shall be hot-wrought.The material may be further processed by c

5、enterless grindingor by cold drawing.Austenitic stainless steel may be solutionannealed or annealed and strain-hardened.When annealed andstrain hardened austenitic stainless steel is ordered in accor-dance with Supplementary Requirement S1,the purchasershould take special care to ensure that 8.2.2,S

6、upplementaryRequirement S1,and Appendix X1 are thoroughly understood.1.3 Supplementary requirements(S1 through S8)of anoptional nature are provided.These shall apply only whenspecified in the inquiry,contract,and order.1.4 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound unitsand in SI units.Howev

7、er,unless the order specifies theapplicable“M”specification designation(SI units),the mate-rial shall be furnished to inch-pound units.1.5 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI unitsare to be regarded separately as standard.Within the text,theSI units are shown in brackets.The values st

8、ated in eachsystem are not exact equivalents;therefore,each system mustbe used independently of the other.Combining values from thetwo systems may result in nonconformance with the specifi-cation.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3A 153/A 153M Specification for Zinc Coating(Hot-Dip)onIron and

9、 Steel HardwareA 276 Specification for Stainless Steel Bars and ShapesA 320/A 320M Specification for Alloy-Steel and StainlessSteel Bolting Materials for Low-Temperature ServiceA 962/A 962M Specification for Common Requirementsfor Steel Fasteners or Fastener Materials,or Both,Intendedfor Use at Any

10、Temperature from Cryogenic to the CreepRangeB 695 Specification for Coatings of Zinc MechanicallyDeposited on Iron and SteelB 696 Specification for Coatings of Cadmium MechanicallyDepositedB 766 Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Cad-miumE 112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain S

11、izeF 1941 Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings onThreaded Fasteners(Unified Inch Screw Threads(UN/UNR)2.2American National Standards:4B 1.1 Unified Screw ThreadsB 1.2 Gages and Gaging for Unified Inch Screw ThreadsB 1.13M Metric Screw ThreadsB 18.2.2 Square and Hex NutsB 18.2.4.6M Metric Heav

12、y Hex Nuts3.Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 Austenitic GradesAll grades with a prefix of“8”or“9”.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.22

13、on Steel Forgings and Wrought Fittings for Piping Applications and BoltingMaterials for Piping and Special Purpose Applications.Current edition approved Feb.1,2007.Published February 2007.Originallyapproved in 1936.Last previous edition approved in 2006 as A 194/A 194M06a.2For ASME Boiler and Pressu

14、re Vessel Code applications see related Specifi-cation SA-194 in Section II of that code.3For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary p

15、age onthe ASTM website.4Available from American National Standards Institute(ANSI),25 W.43rd St.,4th Floor,New York,NY 10036.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959,United States

16、.Copyright ASTM International Provided by IHS under license with ASTM Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-3.1.2 Ferritic GradesGrades 1,2,2H,2HM,3,4,6,6F,7,7M,and 16.3.1.3 Lot:3.1.3.1 Unless otherwise specified(see 3.1.3.2),a lot is thequantity of nuts

17、of a single nominal size and grade produced bythe same manufacturing process.3.1.3.2 When Supplementary Requirement S5 is invoked onthe purchase order,the following definitions of a lot shallapply:For Grade 8 NutsThe quantity of all the nuts of a singlenominal diameter and grade made from the same h

18、eat of steeland made by the same manufacturing process.For All Other Grade Nuts(see 8.2 and 8.1.2.1)All the nutsof a single nominal diameter and grade made from the sameheat number and heat treated in the same batch if batch-typeheat treating equipment is used or heat treated in the samecontinuous r

19、un of not more than 8 h under the same conditionsif continuous-type heat treating equipment is used.3.1.4 Type3.1.4.1 For Grade 8 NutsVariations within the gradedesignated by a letter and differentiated by chemistry and bymanufacturing process.3.1.4.2 For Grade 6 NutsVariations within the gradedesig

20、nated by the letter F as differentiated by chemical addi-tions made for machineability.3.1.5 SeriesThe dimensional relationship and geometryof the nuts as described in ANSI B 18.2.2 or B 18.2.4.6M.4.Ordering Information4.1 The inquiry and order for material under this specifica-tion shall include th

21、e following as required to describe thematerial adequately:4.1.1 Specification designation,year date,and grade,issuedate and revision letter,4.1.2 Quantity,number of pieces,4.1.3 Dimensions(see Section 9),4.1.4 Options in accordance with 8.2.2.1,9.1,9.2,10.3,and12,and4.1.5 Supplementary Requirements

22、,if any.4.2 CoatingsCoatings are prohibited unless specified bythe purchaser(see Supplementary Requirements S7 and S8).When coated nuts are ordered,the purchaser should takespecial care to ensure that Appendix X2 is thoroughly under-stood.4.3 See Supplementary Requirement S3 for nuts to be usedin lo

23、w temperature applications(SpecificationA 320/A 320M).5.Common Requirements5.1 Material and fasteners supplied to this specification shallconform to the requirements of Specification A 962/A 962M.These requirements include test methods,finish,thread dimen-sions,marking,certification,optional supplem

24、entary require-ments,and others.Failure to comply with the requirements ofSpecification A 962/A 962M constitutes nonconformance withthis specification.In case of conflict between the requirementsof this specification and Specification A 962/A 962M,thisspecification shall prevail.6.Manufacture(Proces

25、s)6.1 Stainless steels for all types of Grade 6 and 8 nuts shallbe made by one of the following processes:6.1.1 Electric-furnace(with separate degassing and refiningoptional),6.1.2 Vacuum induction furnace,or6.1.3 Either of the above followed by electroslag remelting,or consumable-arc remelting.6.2

26、The steel producer shall exercise adequate control toeliminate excessive unhomogeneity,nonmetallics,pipe,poros-ity,and other defects.6.3 Grades 1 and 2 nuts shall be hot or cold forged,or shallbe machined from hot-forged,hot-rolled,or cold-drawn bars.6.3.1 All Grade 1 and 2 nuts made by cold forging

27、 or bymachining from cold-drawn bars shall be stress-relief annealedat a temperature of at least 1000 F 538 C.6.3.2 Grade 1 and 2 nuts made by hot forging or bymachining from hot-forged or hot-rolled bars need not be givenany stress relief annealing treatment.6.4 Grades 2H,2HM,3,4,6,6F,7,7M,and 16 n

28、uts shallbe hot-or cold-forged or shall be machined from hot-forged,hot-rolled,or cold-drawn bars and shall be heat treated to meetthe required mechanical properties.These grades shall bereheated above the critical range of the steel,quenched in asuitable medium,and then tempered at a temperature no

29、t lessthan the following:GradeMinimum Tempering Temperature,FC2H850 4552HM1150 62031050 56541100 5956 and 6F1100 59571100 5957M1150 620161200 650Nuts machined from bar heat treated in accordance with thisspecification need not be reheat-treated.For Grade 2HM and7M nuts,a final stress relief shall be

30、 done at or above theminimum tempering temperature after all forming,machining,and tapping operations.This final stress relief may be thetempering operation.6.4.1 Grade 6 and 6F nuts shall be tempered for a minimumof 1 h at the temperature.6.5 Grades 8,8C,8M,8T,8F,8P,8N,8MN,8R,8S,8LN,8MLN,8MLCuN,and

31、 9C nuts shall be hot or cold forged,orshall be machined from hot-forged,hot-rolled or cold-drawnbars.6.6 Grades 8A,8CA,8MA,8TA,8FA,8PA,8NA,8MNA,8RA,8SA,8LNA,8MLNA,8MLCuNA,and 9CA nuts shallbe hot-or cold-forged or shall be machined from hot-forged,hot-rolled,or cold-drawn bars and the nuts shall su

32、bsequentlybe carbide-solution treated by heating them for a sufficient timeat a temperature to dissolve chromium carbides followed bycooling at a rate sufficient to prevent reprecipitation of thecarbides.7.Chemical Composition7.1 Each alloy shall conform to the chemical compositionrequirements presc

33、ribed in Table 1.A 194/A 194M 072Copyright ASTM International Provided by IHS under license with ASTM Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-TABLE 1 Chemical RequirementsA,B,CGradeSymbolMaterialUNSNumberCarbon,%Manga-nese,%Phospho-rus,%Sulfur,D%Silicon,%Ch

34、romium,%Nickel,%Molyb-denum,%Tita-nium,%Colum-bium andTanta-lum,%Nitrogen,%OtherElements,%1carbon0.15 min1.000.0400.0500.40.2,2HM,and 2Hcarbon0.40 min1.000.0400.0500.40.4carbon,molyb-denum0.400.50 0.700.900.0350.0400.150.35.0.200.30.3Type 5010.10 min1.000.0400.0301.004.06.0.0.400.65.6Type 410 S41000

35、0.151.000.0400.0301.0011.513.5.6FType 416 S416000.151.250.0600.15min1.0012.014.0.6FType416SeS416230.151.250.0600.0601.0012.014.0.Selenium,0.15 min7,7MType4140/4142/4145,4140H,4142H,4145H0.370.49 0.651.100.0350.040.150.350.751.20.0.150.25.8,8AType 304 S304000.082.000.0450.0301.0018.020.08.011.0.8C,8C

36、AType 347 S347000.082.000.0450.0301.0017.019.09.012.0.10 xcarboncontent,min.8M,8MA Type 316 S316000.082.000.0450.0301.0016.018.010.014.0 2.003.00.8T,8TAType 321 S321000.082.000.0450.0301.0017.019.09.012.0.5 x(C+N)min-0.70max.8F,8FAType 303 S303000.152.000.200.15min1.0017.019.08.010.0.8F,8FAType303Se

37、S303230.152.000.200.061.0017.019.08.010.0.Selenium,0.15 min8P,8PAType 305withrestrictedcarbonS305000.082.000.0450.0301.0017.019.011.013.0.8N,8NAType304NS304510.082.000.0450.0301.0018.020.08.011.0.0.100.168LN,8LNAType304LNS304530.0302.000.0450.0301.0018.020.08.011.0.0.100.168MN,8MNAType316NS316510.08

38、2.000.0450.0301.0016.018.010.013.0 2.003.00.0.100.168MLN,8MLNAType316LNS316530.0302.000.0450.0301.0016.018.010.013.0 2.003.00.0.100.168R,8RAEXM19S209100.064.06.00.0450.0301.0020.523.511.513.5 1.503.00.0.100.30 0.200.40 Vanadium,0.100.308S,8SAS218000.107.09.00.0600.0303.54.516.018.08.09.0.0.080.188ML

39、CuN,8MLCuNAS31254S312540.0201.000.0300.0100.8019.520.517.518.5 6.06.5.0.180.22 Copper,0.501.009C,9CAN08367N083670.0302.000.0400.0301.0020.0-22.023.5-25.5 6.0-7.00.18-0.25Copper0.7516ChromiumMolyb-denumVanadium0.360.47 0.450.700.0350.0400.150.350.801.15.0.500.65.Vanadium,0.250.35AluminumB0.015AThe in

40、tentional addition of Bi,Se,Te,and Pb is not permitted except for Grades 6F,8F,and 8FA,in which Se is specified and required.BTotal aluminum,soluble and insoluble.CMaximum,unless minimum or range is indicated.DBecause of the degree to which sulfur segregates,product analysis for sulfur over 0.060%ma

41、x is not technologically appropriate.EAs described in Specification A 276.A 194/A 194M 073Copyright ASTM International Provided by IHS under license with ASTM Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-8.Mechanical Requirements8.1 Hardness Test:8.1.1 Requireme

42、nts:8.1.1.1 All nuts shall meet the hardness requirements speci-fied in Table 2.8.1.1.2 Sample nuts of Grades 1,2,2H,2HM,3,4,7,7M,and 16 which have been given the treatment described in 8.1.5shall meet the minimum hardness specified in Table 2.8.1.2 Number of Tests(Grades 1,2,2H,3,4,7,and 16and all

43、types of Grade 6):8.1.2.1 Tests on the number of sample nuts in accordancewith the following table shall be performed by the manufac-turer following all production heat treatments:Lot SizeSamplesUp to 8001801 to 800028001 to 22 0003Over 22 00058.1.2.2 In addition,a hardness test shall be performed b

44、y themanufacturer in accordance with 8.1.5 on one sample nutselected from each nominal diameter and series from eachgrade and heat number following completion of all productionheat treatments.8.1.3 Number of Tests,Grades 2HM and 7M:8.1.3.1 Each nut shall be tested by Brinell or Rockwellmethods to en

45、sure product conformance.58.1.3.2 In addition,8.1.2.2 shall be met.8.1.4 Number of Tests,All Types of Grade 8Tests on thenumber of sample nuts in accordance with 8.1.2.1 shall beperformed by the manufacturer.8.1.5 Test 2In addition to the testing required by 8.1.2.1the manufacturer shall also perfor

46、m hardness tests on samplenuts after the following test heat treatment.After completion ofall production heat treatments heat the specimen nuts to thetemperatures indicated below for 24 h,then slow cool.Test atroom temperature.GradeATemperature,F C1850 4552,2H,2HM1000 5403,4,7,7M1100 590161200 650AN

47、uts intended to be coated with zinc or cadmium(marked in accordance withthe requirements of Supplementary Requirement S8)are not subjected to therequirements of 8.1.5(See Appendix X2).8.1.5.1 Special Requirement,Grades 2HM and 7MPreparation of Grades 2HM and 7M nuts for hardness test andthe hardness

48、 test itself shall be performed with consideration to(1)protect legibility of markings;(2)minimize exterior dimen-sional changes;and(3)maintain thread fit.8.2 Proof Load Test:8.2.1 RequirementsAll nuts shall be capable of withstand-ing the proof loads specified in Table 3 and Table 4.However,nuts ma

49、nufactured to dimensions and configurations other thanthose covered by ANSI B 1.1,ANSI B 1.13M,ANSI B 18.2.2,and B 18.2.4.6M are not subject to the proof load test.8.2.2 Number of Tests:8.2.2.1 The manufacturer shall test the number of nutsspecified in 8.1.2.1 following all production heat treatment

50、s.Nuts that would require a proof load in excess of 160 000 lb/for 705 kN may be furnished on the basis of minimum hardnessrequirements.Testing of nuts requiring a proof load in excessof 160 000 lb/f or 705 kN is covered in SupplementaryRequirements S1 amd S4.8.2.3 Test MethodThe test shall be run u