09英汉翻译_-3翻译技巧-遣词.ppt
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1、英汉互译(二)英汉互译(二)重庆师范大学外国语学院 余泽梅http:/ What do you think?Language is from communication,in communication and for communication.Last Semester:四、课程的基本内容四、课程的基本内容课程几大板块:概论:概论:英汉语言对比英汉语言对比英汉互译技巧英汉互译技巧汉英翻译步骤汉英翻译步骤提高篇提高篇实用文体的翻译实用文体的翻译In this semesterBasic Skills:Betterment:(Esp.C-E translation)Practical tran
2、slations:Listening:Translating:a lotDiscussing:板块三:翻译技巧Why this chapter?Translationese翻译腔/翻译症英译汉:欧化句子(Engnese)汉译英:中式英语(Chinglish)中式英语之鉴十分系统地探讨了中式英语这一非常普遍的现象。作者琼平卡姆是美国人,毕生人事翻译工作。她曾先后在外文出版社和中央编译工作过8年,专门给中国翻译工作者翻译的英译文作修改和润色。8年中她积累了大量的典型中式英语实例,她根据这些例子把中式英语的具体表现科学地加以分门别类。另:百度文库:中式英语之鉴100句http:/ Reasons f
3、or Translationese表达方表达方式不同式不同片面片面强调忠忠实如何解决?技能意识原文理原文理解不透解不透。A simple example:文章标题:Improve Your Study Habits改进你的学习习惯翻译腔中文一般说:改变习惯养成习惯改进方法改译:改进你的学习方法养成良好的学习习惯这里涉及到遣词的技巧问题The report noted proposals that eating less fat and more food with whole grain and other fibers can protect against cancers.这份报告特别提到
4、了少食脂肪,多吃含全面粉和其他纤维素的食物能预防癌症的那些建议。这份报告特别提到,有人建议少吃脂肪,多吃全粮食物和其他含纤维素的食物,能预防癌症。关键对proposal的处理这里涉及到改变词性的技巧。故本课程的技巧篇回顾:回顾:Are Books an Endangered Species?In the house where I grew up,we had a room we called the library.It wasnt a real library,of course,it was just a small den dominated by a television set.B
5、ut there were bookshelves built into all four walls,and hundreds of books-hardback books with spines of many colors-surrounded us in that room.The books,collected by my parents and grandparents throughout their lifetimes,were a part of my childhood.书籍是即将灭绝的物种吗?在我成长的房子里有一间屋子,我们把它称作图书馆。当然,那不是个真正的图书馆,它
6、仅仅是由电视机占据了主要位置的一间书斋。但是它四面墙上全部装修了嵌入式书架,上面摆了数百本书籍那些精装本的书脊呈现着各种颜色,它们在那间屋里把我们团团围住。这些书是我父母和祖父母花了毕生的精力收集来的,它们成为我童年的一部分。书籍即将绝迹灭绝吗?在我成长的房子里有一个房间,我们把它称作书房。当然,那不是真正意义上的书房,只不过是电视机占据了主要位置的小房间而已,但是四面墙上全部是嵌入式书架,上面立着好几百本精装书,书脊五颜六色,把我们团团围住。这些书是我父辈和祖辈毕生的收藏,是我童年的一部分。My generation-the generation that came of age in th
7、e 1950s and 1960s-may be the last one to know that feeling,the feeling of being surrounded by millions of words;those words were the products of years of work by authors famous and obscure.For now in the midst of the 1970s,we are seeing a subtle but unmistakable turning away from such things.The hou
8、ses of America,I fear,may soon include no room for libraries.The hardcover book-that symbol of the permanence of thought,the handing down of wisdom from one age to the next-may be a new addition to our list of endangered species.我这一代人即20世纪50和60年代成年的人可能是了解这种心情的最后一代人了,那种被上百万文字环绕着的感觉;那些文字是历代知名的和默默无闻的作家
9、们的产品。当前,在20世纪70年代中期,我们正目睹一个不易察觉却毫无疑问存在的慢慢背离书籍这类事物的倾向。恐怕美国的家庭很快就不会再留出房间做图书馆了。精装的图书那思想永驻的象征,那从一个时代向下一个时代传留的智慧可以作为我们即将灭绝的物种名单上的一项新的补充。我这一代成长于20世纪五、六十年代的人,或许是最后一批了解这种心情的人了,那种被成百上千万的文字环绕着的感觉;这些文字是历代知名或无名作家的结晶。而在当前的七十年代,(我们发现)人们正在慢慢远离书籍这类事物,这种倾向不易察觉,但毫无疑问存在着。我担心美国的家庭说不定很快就会没有专门的书房了。精装图书,象征着永恒的思想(思想的永恒),将智
10、慧代代相传,却可能即将成为我们濒危物种名单上的新成员了。名家翻译欣赏要消灭翻译腔,必须提高技能意识了解基本翻译技巧,并加以强化内化So Here We Go!基本翻译技巧有哪些?1 谴词2 词类转换3 省略4 增益5 重复/避免重复6 正反表达法7 分句与合句遣词-Diction(choice of words)遣词用字是一种翻译技巧,也是译者最重要的基本功,在翻译的整个过程中都需要我们对译文的字词取舍做出正确的判断,形成通顺的文字。Principles(英译汉):根据上下文准确判断词义符合汉语的搭配习惯分清词义的褒贬 注意文体色彩讲究词的精炼 挑选适当的字作主语 根据上下文准确判断词义根据上
11、下文准确判断词义shortI have a short memory.我记性不好。Indeed he has a short temper.急性子He complained that the notice was too short.他抱怨说通知太仓促了。We might have gone about half a mile,and my pocket-handkerchief was quite wet through,when the carrier stopped short.我们走了大约半英里路,我的小手巾全湿透了,这时,马车突然停了下来。Story:1 事件、事情、情况、情形等事件
12、、事情、情况、情形等This war is becoming the most important story of this generation.It is quite another story now.2 报道、消息、电讯等报道、消息、电讯等Last December,the Post first reported probes were being made in wade of those cities,but officials refused to confirm the story.3 3 内情、内容、真相等内情、内容、真相等Some reporters who were n
13、ot included in the session broke the story.4 传说、说法等Hell be very happy if that story holds up.5 5 热门、有意的渲染、谎言等热门、有意的渲染、谎言等The story about him became smaller and by and by faded out from the American television.6 6 身世、遭遇等身世、遭遇等The Rita Hayworth story is one of the saddest.7 7 情节、案情等情节、案情等 young man ca
14、me to Scottis office with a story.Heavy:a heavy box 很重的箱子 a heavy rain 一场大雨heavy clouds 乌云密布heavy traffic 拥堵的交通a heavy smoker烟鬼a heavy purse makes a light heart 钱财多,就会心情轻松a heavy sea 波涛汹涌的大海 raincloudscrops wine newsroadseaheart fire smoker bread wire load storm traffic heavyknife rebukesword work t
15、emper boyPin traderAngle earsedge turn peak flavor words smellfeature nosecurve watch cry voice desire pain sharp符合汉语的搭配习惯符合汉语的搭配习惯to read a map;to kick the habit;talk horse;lead a dogs life 查地图/读地图 改掉习惯/踢去习惯 吹牛 吹/谈马 过着牛马不如unhappy的生活/过着狗一样的生活Some Americans pop across the border simply to fuel up on
16、flavorful Mexican food and beer.一些美国人越过国境线,只是为了吃点可口的墨西哥食物,喝点墨西哥啤酒。In many Chinese cities,we got into the streets,shops,parks,theaters,and restaurants.在中国,我们每到一个城市,就逛大街,逛商店,逛公园,上剧场,下饭馆。We had hopes of developing tourism on quite a big scale.我们曾希望大规模发展旅游业。Botanists have succeeded in developing many ne
17、w plants.植物学家成功地培育出了许多植物新品种。The photographer develops all his films.那位摄影师所有胶卷都自己冲洗。Land animals are thought to have developed from sea animals.陆地动物被认为是由海洋动物进化而来。Id like to develop this idea a little more fully before I go on to my next point.在讲下一点之前,我想把这一概念阐述得更加充分一些。The council are planning to devel
18、op the area to the west of the town center.市政议会计划开发市中心以西的地区。注:动宾结构的翻译develop tourism 发展旅游业(顺译)develop many new plants 培育了许多植物的新品种(顺译)develop the area to the west of the town center 开发市中心以西的地区(顺译)develop all his films 所有胶卷都自己冲洗(逆译)develop this idea a little more fully把这一概念阐述的更加充分一些(译成把字句)分清词义的褒贬分清词义的
19、褒贬 I dont trust him.Hes always on the make and his artificial smiles make me sick.我不相信他,他总是假心假意,那副矫揉造作的笑容使我作呕。He was a man of high renown.他是个很有名望的人。臭名远扬:notoriousThroughout that period we and other countries of Western Europe have survived and prospered to a large extent thanks to the help and prote
20、ction of the United States.在整个时期内,基本上多亏美国的帮助和保护,我们和其他西欧国家才得以免于遭难并获繁荣。或:在整个时期内,我们和其他西欧国家能够免遭灾难并获繁荣,在很大程度上要归功于美国的帮助和保护。Thus,in the Far East,thanks to the Japanese fascist imperialists,there also arose the first seat of war.这样,由于日本法西斯帝国主义的作祟,就在远东形成了第一个战争策源地。注意文体色彩注意文体色彩 “I kept it from her after I hear
21、d on it,”said Mr.Peggotty,“going on nigh a year.We was living then in a solitary place,but among the beautifulest trees,”“起那时俺听了消息后,”辟果提先生说,“瞒着她快一年了。俺们那时呆的地方挺背,前后八方的树林子说不出的漂亮”大火烧了毛毛虫 A big fire burns a caterpillar hairy worm讲究词的精炼讲究词的精炼 delicate fragrance;penetrating eyes;careless grace 幽香 慧眼 潇洒 Stu
22、dies serve for delight,for ornament and for ability.读书足以怡情,足以傅彩,足以长才。挑选适当的字作主语挑选适当的字作主语His addition completed the list.把他添上,名单就完备了。My name is nobody.我是一个无名小卒。Shortness of time has required the omission of some states.由于时间不够,他不能访问一些国家。American education owes a great debt to Thomas Jefferson.托马斯 杰佛逊对美
23、国的教育事业 作出了巨大贡献。(较难-暂略?)Information and communications are central to modern society and organizations.One approach to understand the working environment is to consider an organization as a communications system.An organization that has open lines of communication with valid,honest information going
24、up,down,and throughout the organization will be much more effective and a much better place to work than the organization that attempts to restrict the flow of information or distort and deceive.When leadership attempts to keep workers in the dark,workers tend to become distrustful.This undermines t
25、heir cooperation.信息和沟通对现代社会及机构来说非常重要。信息和沟通对现代社会及机构来说非常重要。了解工作氛围的一个方法是,将机构看成沟了解工作氛围的一个方法是,将机构看成沟通系统。通系统。相对于那些试图限制信息流通,甚相对于那些试图限制信息流通,甚至扭曲信息、欺骗员工的机构,这样的机构至扭曲信息、欺骗员工的机构,这样的机构工作效率更高,去它那里工作也更好。在这工作效率更高,去它那里工作也更好。在这种机构里,可以用有效诚实的信息在整个机种机构里,可以用有效诚实的信息在整个机构内部自由地交流构内部自由地交流。若领导试图将员工蒙在。若领导试图将员工蒙在鼓里,员工就会变得不信任领导。
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