英语考试分析.ppt

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1、考纲要求考纲要求 考生应能读懂与日常生活和社会活动相关的不同类型的文字材料，阅读速度为每分钟50个单词。考生应能：1.理解主旨要义；2.理解文中具体信息；3.根据上下文推测生词词义；4.进行有关的判断、推理和引申，理解作者的意图、观点或态度。考点分析考点分析 主旨题 1.主旨题A:What is the general topic of the passage?这篇文章的主题是什么？B:The best title for this passage is _.这篇文章最佳的标题是C:The main idea of this passage is_.这篇文章的主要内容是D:What is th

2、e passage about?这篇文章是有关什么内容的？E:What does this passage mainly discuss?这篇文章主要讨论的是什么？考点分析考点分析 主旨题1.What is the main idea of this short talk?(T3 No.15)这段简短的谈话主题思想是什么？2.The passage mainly deals with _.（T5 No.11）这段主要讲述了_。3.Is this passage the author mainly _.（T6 No.6）这篇文章作者的主要意图是 。4.What is the main idea

3、of the passage?（T6 No.15）这篇文章的中心意思是什么？5.What is the main idea of this passage?（T7 No.6）以下哪项表达了本文的中心思想？6.What is the main idea of this passage?（T7 No.14）这篇短文的中心思想是什么？7.Which of the following can best serve as the title of the passage?（T9 No.9）下面哪个作为本段的题目最好？8.Which of the following may serve as the be

4、st title of the passage?（T9 No.15）下面哪项最适合做这篇文章的题目？考点分析考点分析 细节题2.细节题1.Where were the political prisoners kept?（T1 No.8）那些政治犯被关押在哪里？2.The war in Iraq does _ to the relationship between France and Britain.（T2 No.12）伊拉克战争对英国和法国的关系起到既好又坏的作用。3.Which of the following countries uses more paper for each pers

5、on a year?（T3 No.14）以下哪个国家每年人均用纸量更大？4.Beautiful young Diana Spencer found her genuine love _.（T5 No.14）年轻貌美的戴安娜史宾塞找到了她的真爱_。5.What makes a scientist according to the passage?（T6 No.11）根据这篇文章的观点科学家是如何来的？考点分析考点分析 猜词题3.猜词题A:The word.(Line,Para)most probably refers to _.B:In this passage,probably means _

6、.C:The word“”could best be replaced by which of the following?考点分析考点分析 猜词题(1)What does the underlined word“abolished”mean?（T1 No.9）划了下划线的“abolished”这个词是什么意思？(2)In the fourth paragraph,“a high priority”means _.（T1 No.12）第四段中的“a high priority”意思是_。(3)Whats the meaning for the word“parchment”?（T3 No.11

7、）单词“parchment”是什么意思？(4)The underlined phrase get away from in the 3rd paragraph refers to .(T5 No.10)第3段中划线的词组get away from是指 。(5)The expression“wait on table”in the second paragraph means“_”.(T9 No.13)第二段中，词组“wait on table”的意思是 。考点分析考点分析 推理题4.推理题常见命题方式：A:From the passage,it can be inferred that 从文章

8、可以推论出什么？B:One could conclude from the passage that 从文章可以得出什么结论？C:This passage has probably been taken from 文章很可能是从什么地方选出的？D:How does the author feel about?作者认为怎么样？E:Whats the authors attitude towards?作者对是什么看法或态度？F:Which of the following can best describe the authors attitude towards?下面哪项最能描述作者对的态度？G

9、:The tone of the author is _.作者的语气或态度是_？考点分析考点分析 推理题(1)We can infer from the passage that the authors tone in writing is _.(T1 No.15)从本文我们可以看出作者写作的口吻是 。(2)The author mentioned Marias age at the beginning of the story in order to show that _.(T2 No.10)作者在故事的开头就提到Maria的年龄是为了表达_。(3)What is the purpose

10、of the talk?(T3 No.1)这段话的目的是什么？(4)What do we learn about the use of the American National Flag?(T4 No.9)对于美国国旗的使用我们知道了什么？(5)What is Americans attitude towards their National Flag?(T4 No.10)美国人对于自己的国旗是什么态度？考点分析考点分析 推理题(6)What can we learn from the passage?（T4 No.14）这篇文章让我们知道了什么？(7)What message does t

11、he author want to convey to us?（T4 No.15）作者想向我们表达什么信息？(8)From the passage we can safely infer that _（T7 No.10）从本文我们可以得出 (9)By“association”,the author means _.（T8 No.9）作者用“association”这个词指 。(10)It can be inferred from the passage that shy people .（T8 No.15）从文章中可以推断出羞怯的人 。考点分析考点分析 正误判断题正误判断题5.正误判断题正误判

12、断题一般是针对文章的全文意思或者是某一段落或者某一表述给出四个选项判断是否正确或错误，题干的表述形式是：(1)According to the passage,which of the following is(NOT)true?通过文章可以得出，下面哪项是（不）正确的？(2)According to the passage,all of the following are true EXCEPT/BUT考点分析考点分析 正误判断题正误判断题(1)What was NOT the effect of the Revolution?（T1 No.10）以下那个不是法国大革命产生的效果？A.Jul

13、y 14 has become the French National Day.B.It brought some impact on the other European kings.C.Louiss wife,Marie was killed.D.The king tried to control the national parliament.考点分析考点分析 正误判断题正误判断题(2)Which of the following statements is wrong?（T1 No.11）以下哪项陈述是错误的？A.Americans seem to be always under pr

14、essure.B.Americans attach less importance to patience.C.Americans dont care much about ritual socializing.D.Americans are impolite to their business colleagues.考点分析考点分析 正误判断题正误判断题(3)Which of the following is not mentioned about the invention of paper?（T3 No.12）关于纸的发明下面哪项没有被提到？A.More jobs could be pr

15、ovided than before.B.More people could be educated than before.C.More books could be printed and distributed.D.More ways could be used to exchange knowledge.考点分析考点分析 正误判断题正误判断题(4)Which are not the reasons why the soap opera suddenly becomes“in”according to the passage?（T4 No.13）根据这篇文章，哪一项不是肥皂剧突然火起来的

16、原因？A.Because the viewers want to be happy and to enjoy themselves.B.because the soap opera makes young people feel close to their people C.Because the viewers can find themselves in the soap opera characters.D.Because the young people have to bear the responsibilities for their troubles.考点分析考点分析 正误判

17、断题正误判断题(5)Which of the following statements is NOT true?（T5 No.1）下列哪个陈述是不对的？A.People who love Nature prefer to live outside the city.B.All the people who work in London prefer to live in the country.C.Some people enjoying city life prefer to work and live inside London.D.Many nature lovers,though wo

18、rking in London,prefer to live outside London.考点分析考点分析 正误判断题正误判断题(6)Which of the following statements is wrong?（T5 No.13）下列哪个陈述是错误的？A.Poverty in America has been eased with the economic growth.B.Superstars are famous for being famous.C.Ones look can contribute to being famous.D.Heroes and heroines c

19、an only emerge in war times.考点分析考点分析 正误判断题正误判断题(7)Which of the following is NOT true according to the last part of the passage?(T6 No.10）根据文章的最后一段，以下哪句是错误的？A.Pubs and inns usually provide visitors bed and breakfast.B.All pubs and inns offer visitors bed and breakfast.C.Pubs and inns charge a visitor

20、 25 at the most.D.If you want a single room,you are more likely to get one in pubs.考点分析考点分析 正误判断题正误判断题(8)Which of the following statement is true according to the passage?（T7 No.9）根据本文，以下哪项陈述是正确的？A.In the U.S.A.guests tend to feel they are highly regarded if the invitation to a dinner party is exten

21、ded only three or four days before the party date.B.There is no misunderstanding arising between people form different cultures about the concept of time.C.It may be considered foolish to make an appointment well in advance in the U.S.A.D.Promptness is valued highly in American life.考点分析考点分析 正误判断题正误

22、判断题(9)Which of the following statements is wrong according to the passage?（T7 No.15）根据短文，下面哪种说法是错误的？A.The long-term goals cannot amount to very munch without the achievement of solid short-term goals.B.The intermediate goals build on the foundation of the short-term goals.C.Life is a static thing,th

23、us we should never allow a long-term goal to limit us or our course of action.D.We should often add new short-term goals to those which have been completed.考点分析考点分析 正误判断题正误判断题(10)What is true about words?（T8 No.7）关于词汇哪一项是对的？A.They are used t to express feelings only.B.They can not be written downC.T

24、hey are simply sounds.D.They are mysterious.考点分析考点分析 正误判断题正误判断题(11)Which of the following statements about the real poet is NOT true?（T8 No.10）关于真正的诗人下列哪项不正确？A.He is no more than a master of words.B.He can convey his ideas in words which sing like music.C.He can move men to tears.D.His style is alwa

25、ys charming.考点分析考点分析 正误判断题正误判断题(12)Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?（T8 No.14）根据文章含义，下列陈述哪一个是正确的？A.Shyness helps us to develop our potential.B.Shyness enables us to understand ourselves better.C.Shyness can block our chances for a rich life.D.Shyness has nothing to

26、do with lack of self-esteem.表2-1大学英语阅读理解文章题材及体裁分类汇总模拟题文章序号题材体裁T11历史说明文2社会、文化说明文T21小故事记叙文2政治说明文T31文化应用文2科普说明文T41文化说明文2文化说明文T51文化议论文2文化说明文（二）文章题材以及体裁（二）文章题材以及体裁T61社会、文化说明文2科普说明文T71文化议论文2科普议论文T81科普说明文2科普议论文T91文化说明文2文化议论文阅读理解应具备的知识阅读理解应具备的知识第一，考生应具备一定的词汇量。考纲要求考生认知词汇应达到3000个，复用词汇1800个。第二，考生应具备一定的语言功底。这里的

27、语言功底指的是考生应具备一定的语法知识、惯用法及语感等。第三，考生应具备丰富的阅读材料背景知识。阅读理解应具备的知识阅读理解应具备的知识第四，考生应具备必要的阅读方法。第五，考生还应具备一定的答题应试技巧。阅读理解方法阅读理解方法 意群式阅读意群式阅读A/characteristic/of/American culture/that/has become/almost/a/tradition/is/to respect/the self-made man/the man/who/has risen/to/the top/through/his own efforts,/usually/begi

28、nning/by working/with his hands./While/the leader/in/business/or/industry/or/the/college/professor/occupies/a/higher/social/position/and/commands/greater respect/in/the community/than/the/common laborer/or/even/the/skilled/factory/worker,/he/may/take pains/to point out/that/his/father/started/life/i

29、n America/as/a/farmer/or/laborer/of/some sort./阅读理解方法阅读理解方法 意群式阅读意群式阅读 A A characteristic characteristic of of American American cultureculture/（that has become almost a tradition）/is to respect the self-made manthe man/（who has risen to the top/through his own efforts,usually beginning by working w

30、ith his hands.）While the leader in business or industry or the college professor/occupies a higher social position/and commands greater respect in the community/than the common laborer/or even the skilled factory worker,he/may take pains to point out that/his father/started life in America/as a farm

31、er or laborer of some sort.阅读理解方法阅读理解方法 浏览式阅读浏览式阅读浏览式阅读主要是为了了解文章的主旨大意、中心思想等目的而采用的方法。一般来讲英文的文章都包含有主旨段，通常文章的首段或尾段，或者首尾段均为整篇文章的主旨段，同样一段文章的首句或尾句，或者首尾句均是该段的主旨句，当然有的文章或段落主旨句或主旨段出现在文章或段落的中间，也有的文章或段落没有主旨段或主旨句，需要读者自己归纳总结。下面以大学英语阅读理解的文章（T7-2）为例，采用浏览式完全可以清楚找出主旨题的答案。阅读理解方法阅读理解方法 浏览式阅读浏览式阅读再比如大学英语阅读理解的这篇文章（T1-1）

32、：阅读理解方法阅读理解方法 查阅式阅读查阅式阅读查阅式阅读是根据问题题干所涉及的特殊信息和细节，为了解决某个特殊问题，寻找具体事实或相关信息而进行的一种一目十行式的略读方法。采用查阅式阅读方法必须牢记文中出现的关键提示词，如人名、地名、数字及问题题干中其他的要点词汇，然后带着问题像查字典一样直接查找这些重要词语出现在文章中的位置，快速推断出问题的正确答案。下面我们来看看大学英语阅读理解（T2-2）的两道关于几个国家关系的题。阅读理解方法阅读理解方法 跳跃式阅读跳跃式阅读跳跃式阅读法主要是要抓住文章各个句子的主干部分，即表达重点信息的主语、谓语、宾语等成分，而其他修饰限定、补充说明的部分则可以逃

33、过去不读，这种阅读方法主要是抓住文章的主题思想和重要信息，迅速掌握文章的主题思想和文章的全貌。阅读理解方法阅读理解方法 研究式阅读研究式阅读 研究式阅读是指在文章阅读过程中遇到难点或做题时发现答案所在的句子或段落含义深奥、句式复杂时而采取的一种仔细推敲、反复阅读的方法，研究式阅读属于慢速阅读。研究式阅读一般和意群式阅读相结合，划分句式特点，反复阅读。答题技巧答题技巧首先是采用跳跃式阅读，了解文章的体裁和题材，材料的内容是不是考生平时见过的内容或者是不是自己专业范畴的内容，做到心中有数，即使不是自己所熟悉的范围，也不必慌张，毕竟很多阅读材料不一定是平时都有所接触的内容。然后是阅读问题，分析题型要

34、求，寻求合适的阅读方法。因为上文我们已经对常考的题型做了分类，明确各类题型的要求，毕竟不同的题型需要不同的阅读方法和解题方法。解题方法解题方法第一是对应法。第二是排除法。第三是推测法。第四是归纳法。五种题型的解题方法具体运用五种题型的解题方法具体运用 主旨题主旨题 考生首先是通过跳跃式阅读了解文章的大意，了解阅读材料范畴，通过题干中关于主旨题的关键英文单词的表达形式：general topic/title/main idea/mainly等。判断出主旨题。其次是采用浏览式阅读法寻找文章的主旨段，进一步在主旨段中寻找主旨句，或采用对应法，或排除法、或推测法、甚至是归纳法，选出正确的选项。五种题型

35、的解题方法具体运用五种题型的解题方法具体运用 主旨题主旨题上文在介绍浏览式阅读方法所选取的关于人生三大目标的阅读材料，我们采用的是对应法，通过比对四个选择项A（Life is a dynamic thing.）、B(we should set up long-term goals.)、C（Different kinds of goals in life.）、D（The limitation of long-term goals.）和主旨句（There are three kinds of goals:shirt-term,medium-range and long-term goals.）的关

36、系，只有C选项是最接近主旨句的，或者说C选项是主旨句的另一种表述形式，所以毫无疑问正确选项是C。五种题型的解题方法具体运用五种题型的解题方法具体运用 主旨题主旨题如果阅读材料很难找到主旨句，对应法肯定就不适合了，只好选取别的方法找到正确的答案。比如下面这篇阅读理解文章（T1-2）。五种题型的解题方法具体运用五种题型的解题方法具体运用 细节题细节题Where were the political prisoners kept?（T1No.8）那些政治犯被关押在哪里？A.In Versailles.B.In Austria C.In Prussia.D.In Bastille.【解析】通过查阅式直

37、接找到文中对应的信息：On July 14,1789,they stormed and took the Bastille,where political prisoners were kept.这是一个非限制性定语从句，从句的内容就是进一步解释先行词Bastille的，很明显答案是D，文中直接告诉了答案。五种题型的解题方法具体运用五种题型的解题方法具体运用Which of the following time is proper if you want to make an appointment with your friend?如果你想约你的朋友，以下哪个时间是比较恰当的？A.at 7:

38、00 am B.at 4:00 pm C.at the night D.at 4:00 am【解析】文章第一自然段对不适宜打电话的时间段做了描述，In the United States,it is not customary to telephone someone very early in the morningThe same meaning is attached to telephone calls made after 11:00 p.m.（在美国，一般不习惯每天很早打电话给某个人晚上十一点以后打电话也是同样的意思。）根据这个信息，A、B、D都属于不合时宜的打电话时间，均可排除，

39、所以只有B是正确选项。五种题型的解题方法具体运用五种题型的解题方法具体运用 猜词题猜词题 猜词题采用的阅读方法是查阅法，直接通过题干的表述找到文中对应的信息点，比对备选项和原文生词前后句的关系，采用的解题方法主要有对应法、推测法、排除法以及归纳法。对应法一般适用于下列的几种猜词表述形式：直接定义。文章用了生词，然后马上就用一些简单的单词来解释，这种重述就是直接定义，常见标志有连词or，而且多用逗号与生词隔开，“refer to”,“mean”等；同义暗示。文章在生词的下文用一个同义词来暗示这个单词的意思；反义对比。文章通过介绍一个生词的反义词来告诉我们这个生词的意思。因此，表示转折的联接词bu

40、t,unlike,while,however,on the contrary就成了这类题目的标志词；事例证明。诸如for example,such as之类的词组，或者是定语从句对生词予以解释。五种题型的解题方法具体运用五种题型的解题方法具体运用 猜词题猜词题1.Whats the meaning for the word“parchment”?（T3 No.11）单词“parchment”是什么意思？A.The skin of young animals.B.A kind of paper made from the skin of certain young animals.C.The p

41、aper used by European countries.D.The paper of Egypt.五种题型的解题方法具体运用五种题型的解题方法具体运用 猜词题猜词题推测法就是根据生词前后语句的关联，推导出生词的含义。例如:2.What does the underlined word“abolished”mean?（T1-1 No.9）划了下划线的“abolished”这个词是什么意思？A.Put off.B.Established.C.United.D.Ended.五种题型的解题方法具体运用五种题型的解题方法具体运用 猜词题猜词题2.The underlined phrase get

42、 away from in the 3rd paragraph refers to .（T5 No.10）第3段中划线的词组get away from是指 。A.deal with B.do away with C.escape from D.prevent from 五种题型的解题方法具体运用五种题型的解题方法具体运用 猜词题猜词题3.The expression“wait on table”in the second paragraph means“_”.（T9 No.13）第二段中，词组“wait on table”的意思是 。A.work in a furniture shop B.k

43、eep accounts for a barC.wait to lay the table D.serve customers in a restaurant五种题型的解题方法具体运用五种题型的解题方法具体运用 猜词题猜词题In the fourth paragraph,“a high priority”means _.（T1 No.12）第四段中的“a high priority”的意思是_。A.a less important thing B.a first concernC.a good business D.an attractive gift五种题型的解题方法具体运用五种题型的解题方

44、法具体运用 推理题推理题对于推理题首先考生采用浏览式和跳跃式阅读方法浏览全文，留意那些似乎话中有话的间接表达句。它们往往采用说半句、打比喻、反过来讲的方式，留有让考生自己作结论或推理的余地。同时要留意含义深刻或结构复杂的句子。考生对作者表达的意思不能一下子看透，它们往往是命题点所在。五种题型的解题方法具体运用五种题型的解题方法具体运用 推理题推理题其次，根据题干的关键词采用查阅式阅读方法迅速搜索定位以便确定推理依据的范围，利用语法、词汇、语境线索，了解单句的含义，弄清上下文的逻辑关系，然后按题意进行推理。题目可能要求考生对某句话或数句话进行正确理解或释义，也可能从某句话或某段话中推测出一两件事

45、实。五种题型的解题方法具体运用五种题型的解题方法具体运用 推理题推理题最后研究备选项的特点。正确选项的特点：不是文中明确说明的内容，因为即使符合原文，没有引申推理就不是正确选项；如果四个选项全能凭常识判断，其中含义深刻的是正确选项，有时惟一不是常识项的是正确选项。五种题型的解题方法具体运用五种题型的解题方法具体运用 推理题推理题干扰项的特点：只是原文的简单复述，而非推断出来的结论，把直接表达当成间接推理；看似从原文推断出来的结论，然而实际上与原文不符，例如把原文的原因变成了选项中的结果，把原文的手段变成了选项中的目的；根据常识判断是正确的，然而不是在文章事实或上下文逻辑基础上推理而得出的观点，

46、因此，考生要注意不能根据自己的主观想法或生活经验去推理，因为命题者考查的是考生揣摩作者意图的能力；虽然以文章提供的事实或内在逻辑为推理依据，但推理过头，概括过度；有部分选项的内容纯属编造。五种题型的解题方法具体运用五种题型的解题方法具体运用 推理题推理题1.We can infer from the passage that the authors tone in writing is _.（T1 No.15）从本文我们可以看出作者写作的口吻是 。A.critical B.ironical C.appreciative D.objective五种题型的解题方法具体运用五种题型的解题方法具体运用

47、 推理题推理题2.The author mentioned Marias age at the beginning of the story in order to show that _.（T2 No.10）作者在故事的开头就提到玛丽亚的年龄是为了表达_。A.she was young but behaved properly B.she would not have left home alone C.everyone around her was wrong D.it was not good that nobody offered to help her五种题型的解题方法具体运用五种题

48、型的解题方法具体运用 推理题推理题3.What is the purpose of the talk?（T3 No.1）这段话的目的是什么？A.To explain a new requirement for graduation.B.To interest students in a new community program.C.To discuss the problems of elementary school students.D.To recruit elementary school teachers for a special program.五种题型的解题方法具体运用五种题

49、型的解题方法具体运用 推理题推理题4.What do we learn about the use of the American National Flag?（T4 No.9）对于美国国旗的使用我们知道了什么？A.There has been a lot of controversy over the use of flag.B.The best athletes can wear uniforms with the design of the flag.C.There are precise regulations and customs to be followed.D.American

50、s can print the flag on their cushions or handkerchiefs.五种题型的解题方法具体运用五种题型的解题方法具体运用 推理题推理题5.What is Americans attitude towards their National Flag?(T4 No.10)美国人对于自己的国旗是什么态度？A.Arbitrary B.Respect.C.Happy D.Brave.五种题型的解题方法具体运用五种题型的解题方法具体运用 推理题推理题6.What can we learn from the passage?（T4 No.14）这篇文章让我们知道了