中国古代社会与文化综合教程 (1).xls

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1、Text 1Para.1infinitelyad.adv.无限地,无穷地vary in detailv.在细节上不同include basic themesv.包括一些基本的主题accountn.报导；(书面或口头）报告emerge fromv.自.出现divev.n.vi.n.潜水,跳水,下潜,俯冲primevala.原始的crab,tortoisen.螃蟹，乌龟mythologyn.神话splitv.劈开Para.2ragev.席卷 风行To move with great violence or intensity:A storm raged through the mountains.

2、oppositen.相反的事物Feel suffocatedv.感到窒息stick outv.伸出nothing butonly 只mightn.力量crack openv.啪地一声打开floatv.漂浮chaos,chaotic混乱（的）n.v.permanentlyad.永久的separatea.分开的Para.3pillarn.柱子in heightad.在高度上time rolling byad.光阴荏苒exhausteda.精疲力竭的drop to the groundv.倒地elements of naturen.自然力量The forces that constitute the

3、 weather,especially severe or inclement weather:outside paint that had been damaged by the elements.外层的涂料被自然的力量所损坏the rolling thundern.滚滚雷声limbsn.四肢roaring watern.咆哮的水体veinn.血管 静脉far-stretching roadsn.绵延远方的道路musclesn.肌肉fertilea.肥沃的innumerablea.无数的，数不清的fine hairsn.纤细的毛发jaden.碧玉pearln.珍珠sweatn.汗nurtur

4、ev.养育dewn.露radiancen.光辉lighteningn.闪电versionn.版本one legend has it that一种传说认为。ancestorn.祖先Para.4 firmly fixeda.坚定地扎根relate tov.和有关系Text 2Para.1the half-dragon goddessn.半龙半神 半身为龙的女神mixturen.混合体para.2edgen.边缘vasta.广大的mudn.泥浆clayn.粘土，泥土para.3no sooner hadthan一就be delighted高兴take centuries for sb.to do s

5、th.v.花几百年才能grab hold ofv.握住mud,muddy泥浆，泥泞的fling,flung，flungv.扔Dpopulatev.移民，有人居住reverev.尊敬the four corners of the skyn.天空的四周collapsev.垮split openv.裂开die outv.灭绝，逐渐消亡fiercea.凶猛的devourv.吞吃viciousa.恶毒的prey onv.以。为食Fmeltv.融化crackv.裂缝ashes of reedsn.芦苇的灰Gtamea.驯服的pacifyv.使平静，抚慰under the dome of the skyad

6、.在苍穹之下clawn.爪stingv.蜇人Hshine,shonev.照耀chariotn.战车drawv.拉，牵引horn,hornless角，不长角的auspiciousa.吉兆的，幸运的mattressn.床垫floatv.漂浮renownn.名声concealv.隐藏in line withad.符合Text 3Para.1Text 4Para.1A storm raged through the mountains.外层的涂料被自然的力量所损坏Text 1Para.1amazinga.令人惊异的philosophical growthn.哲学的进步influentiala.有影响力

7、的native to Chinaa.中国本土的Lao-tzun.老子Confuciusn.孔子are thought to have done被人们认为曾做过practice philosophyv.践行哲学Taoismn.道教Confucianismn.孔教simultaneouslyad.同时in dynastic Chinaad.在王朝更替的中国countlessa.数不清的followersn.追随者2 is believed to 被人们相信干了某事foundern.成立者 奠基者take a position asv.接受一个职位civilizationn.文明live outv.

8、活过his parting thoughtsn.临别的想法entitlev.标题为3 mysteriousa.神秘的unknowablea.不可知的ultimate realityn.最终的现实drive the universev.推动宇宙difficult to graspa.难于掌握3 driving philosophyn.起推动作用的analectsn.文选sayingsn.谚语，熟语4 act with virtuev.行有德learn to be humanv.学会仁5 aspectn.方面sayings of wisdomn.智慧格言the end of dynastic ru

9、len.王朝更替结束well over 2000 yearsad.2000多年concern oneself withv.关心the search forn.寻找share common beliefs aboutv.共同相信notionn.概念 想法take on religious overtonesv.有宗教色彩regardless ofa.不管disagreementn.意见不同the peaks and valleys n.沉沉浮浮planetn.星球（地球）Text 2Para.1fableuniquedemonstratein plain wordsa diversity f i

10、nterpretationsinspirein accordance with5 by the name ofin sizebreadthrouse oneselfobscureflapascendwhirlwindheightfly-flightdurationobstaclemount6 cicadadovemake an effortmidwayquailspring upwith a boundyard8 flitfluttersolidunmistakabledistinction10 leisurelycozilytellretortoriginalindicate11 culti

11、vateget hold ofprimary messageprovided thatpath of thoughtwindreflectconstantpreoccupation withattainliberationpersonalityaspectidentifiedtwo sides of the same cointermText 3absolute freedomPara.1assumeenable sth.human fulfillmentbe conceived of asthe ultimate goal for lifebe grounded on attitude to

12、wardthe pursuit of spiritual transcendenceText 4Para.1Text 1Para.1set the novelv.把小说的背景设在turbulenta.狂暴的eran.时代，时期reunificationn.重新统一2 recordv.记录dozens of好几十个replacev.取代declininga.衰退中的restorev.恢复remainv.保持eventuallyad.最终viewv.看待in a cyclical lensad.以周而复始循环的角度 lens镜头opening linesn.开头几句summarizev.总结，概述

13、viewn.观点3 classicala.古典的 beloveda.心爱的works of literaturen.文学作品be compared tov.和相比较charmn.魔力，魅力last for centuriesv.持续几百年literature-literaryn-a 文学（的）4 be characterized byv.有特点complexity n.复杂性plot structuren.情节结构vividly-depicteda.生动描述的charactern.人物consist ofv.包含 包括dominant a.占统治地位的 占优势的themen.主题ideala.

14、理想的conflictn.冲突crueltyn.残酷injusticen.不公正ruthlessn.无情对残忍的5 mentionv.提到previousa.之前critica.批评家the opening statementn.开篇第一句reflectv.反映interpretationn.理解refutev.驳倒，反驳unity n.统一divisionn.分开expend most of his ink onv.把笔墨花费在the focal pointn.焦点achievementn.成就bittera.痛苦的reunifyv.重新统一Text 2Para.1dynastyn.朝代he

15、ritagen.遗产generationn.一代人mastern.大师besidespre.除此之外compilev.编纂2 containv.包含a wide range of themesn.广泛的主题sing the praisev.赞扬just warsn.正义的战争patriotica.爱国的depictv.描绘personal aspirationsn.个人理想encountern.遇见 遭遇affectionn.慈爱sorrown.悲哀 悲痛realistic-romantica.现实主义的-浪漫主义的realism-romanticismn.现实主义-浪漫主义combinati

16、onn.结合3 formn.形式diversifyv.多样化，versen.诗句be divided intov.分为categoryn.种类charactern.字restrictionn.限制4 inheritv.继承，遗传folk songsn.民歌patternn.模式narrationn.叙述sentimentala.多愁善感的extendv.扩充 延展usagen.用法eleganta.文雅的regulara.规则的 有序的maturationn.成熟pushv.推动artistica.艺术的featuren.特点harmoniousa.和谐的syllablea.音节refined

17、a.精致的 优雅的unprecedented a.史无前例的lyrica.抒情诗 歌词Text 3Para.1Text 4Para.1Text 1Para.1splendida.壮丽的，极好的componentn.组成成分date fromv.源自 追溯到This statue dates from 500 b.c.2 emerge v.出现government officialsn.政府官员、the nobilityn.贵族government educationn.官学3 the Warring States Period战国时期the Spring and Autumn Period春秋

18、时期the earliest foundern.最早的创始人4 formationn.形成government institutionn.官学well-establisheda.建立起来了teaching materialsn.教学材料be geared towardsv.使适合；配合Education should be geared to childrens needs.preparation forn.准备receive a titlev.得到头衔the imperial examinationn.科举考试receive a postv.得到职位the state bureaucracy

19、n.国家官僚机构be originated fromv.来源于5 apart from除了schoolingn.学校教育family educationn.家庭教育historical figuresn.历史人物seniora.高级的 老年的well documenteda.有许多记载Menciusn.孟子propera.正统的6 statusn.地位ritesn.仪式contentn.内容loyaltyn.忠filial pietyn.孝benevolencen.仁righteousnessn.义valuesn.价值观7 primary schoolsn.初级学校 蒙学folkn.相亲the

20、 Four Booksn.四书calligraphyn.书法character pairingn.对句regulationn.规则 规章8Text 2 Confucian educational theoryn.孔子教育理论Para.1historicala.历史上的be derived fromv.来自于the teachings of Confuciusn.孔子的教导permanently ad.永久地 linked a.连接的2 break the rule ofv.打破规矩hierarchical a.等级制度的open the door of education tov.把教育之门向

21、。敞开commonersn.平民establishv.建立spread his teaching,v.传播他的教导3 government schools/private schoolsn.官学、私学place great emphasis onv.把重点放在humanitiesn.人文cultural educationn.文化教育focus onv.重点放在moralityn.道德the development of wisdomn.培养智慧coverv.覆盖curriculumn.课程the Great Academyn.国子监the Confucian Five classics re

22、fined artsn.孔子的五部经典4 proper speechn.the Six Artsn.六艺archeryn.射箭chariot-ridingn.驾驭马车calligraphyn.书法computationn.计算5 pioneera.先锋的riten.仪式be well footed in the society在社会上扎下根other than除了place a strong emphasis onv.把重点放在morality educationn.道德教育principlen.原理revise the old in order to deduce new thingsv.温

23、故而知新6 carry oneselfv.举止，举动He-ried himself like a general.integrityn.正直perilousa.危险的7 aptituden.恰当，聪明inspirev.鼓舞pedagogicala.教育学的 教学法的strikinga.显著的 惊人的pose questionsv.问问题citev.引用analogyn.类似 类推instructv.骄傲ferventa.热情的8 heritagen.遗产statusn.地位the Enlightenmentn.启蒙运动时期integrationn.综合Western civilizationn

24、.西方文明Voltairen.伏尔泰1694-1778rationalismn.理性主义an alternative ton.可以取代sth的替代品Christian dogman.基督教的教义ethicsn.道德规范portrayv.描绘a model for n.的模范 典范Text 3Para.1Text 4Para.1This statue dates from 500 b.c.Education should be geared to childrens needs.He-ried himself like a general.Text 1Para.1Text 2Para.1Text

25、 3Para.1Text 4Para.1Text 1Para.1 Text 2Traditional Chinese Mascots中国传统吉祥物Para.1aspirationn.热望，渴望exorcisev.驱除evil spiritsn.邪恶的精怪phoenixn.凤凰2 divinea.神圣的(bring)prosperityn.（带来）繁荣good fortunen.好运气the ultimate representationof the forces of the MotherNature是大自然母亲力量的终极代表者draw connections between thedrago

26、n and the emperor在龙和皇帝之间建立联系descendv.下降，遗传3 symbolizev.象征excellencen.优秀valiancyn.勇猛3 boldnessn.勇敢 大胆heroismn.英雄主义perseverancen.坚定不移nobilityn.高贵divinityn.神 神学entityn.实体pawn.爪clawn.爪4 drive outv.逐出innocenta.天真的 无罪的bestowv.给予5 be looked upon asv.被认为dragon dancen.耍龙灯pray forv.祈祷bumper harvestn.丰年the Chi

27、nese dragon is anessential symbol of thespirit of Chinese nation andChinese race itself.中国的龙是中华民族国家和人民的最重要的象征。Dragon pattern is atraditional graphic for theChinese people with richcultural connotation andsymbolic significance龙的形象是有着丰富的文化内涵和象征意义的中华人民的传统形象。likewisead.同样地，照样地6exist only in legends andf

28、airy talesv.只存在于传说和童话之中mythical creaturen.神秘的生物drive evilv.驱邪auspiciousa.吉祥的dewdropn.露水 露珠fowln.禽类hindquartern.后腿及臀部dualityn.二元性lunara.月的 月亮的everlasting loven.永久的爱bridal symboln.新娘的象征signifyv.意味着 表示embed withv.使嵌入 使牢牢地安置在包围物中：7 blessing and hopen.祝福和希望blissful relationshipn.充满着祝福的关系metaphors of yin

29、and yangn.阴阳的比喻Text 3Para.1Text 4Para.1Text 1Para.1Beijing is one of the fourancient cities of China,whoseorigins can be traced back toover 2000 years ago.北京是中国的四大古都之一，其源头可追溯到2000多年前。the feudal lordsn.封建王贵under ones ruleprep.在某人统治之下a plot of landn.一块地 be replaced byv.被。所取代2 respectivelyad.分别地strateg

30、ica.战略的militarya.军事的3 conquerv.征服locatev.位于4 Genghis Khann.成吉思汗Mongoliann.蒙古的utterlyad.完全的Kublai Khann.忽必烈1216-1294constructionn.建造suburbn.郊区currentlyad.当前eliminatev.消除 排除unifyv.统一the political centern.政治中心for the first time in historyad.历史上首次5 projectn.计划 方案 工程 企业canaln.运河 沟渠rectangulara.成直角的chessb

31、oardn.棋盘layoutn.规划 设计 排版uniforma.统一的 相同的enjoy great famev.非常有名、Marco Polon.马可波罗incommensurablea.不能比较的6 capturev.捕获 战利品thronen.王座 君主transfer迁移 调任 转账v.n.axisn.轴architecturala.建筑的Fengshuin.风水to achieve maximum harmonyv.达成最大的和谐7overthrow,overthrew,overthrownv.推翻imperiala.皇帝的largelyad.主要地 大量地 很大程度上retain

32、v.保持 保留physicala.adj.身体的,物质的,自然的,物理的the Eight Manchu Bannersn.八旗assignv.分配 指派seizev.抓住 逮住 夺取tract of landn.一方土地estaten.不动产 房产palatial gardensn.富丽堂皇的花园ransackv.掠夺 洗劫razev.夷为平地invadev.侵略 侵袭 拥挤Western powersn.西方列强prosperousa.繁荣的flare(into importance)v.闪光 闪耀change with each passing dayv.每天都在改变Text 2Para

33、.1city walln.城墙date back tov.可追溯到initiatev.开始 发动 hereafterad.adv.今后,从此以后be subject tov.使服从 使遭受vicissitudesn.兴衰 枯荣 变迁the historical evolutionn.历史变迁2 well-foundeda.adj.基础牢靠的 有根据的,有理由的,有事实为依据rudimentn.初步Mongol rulersn.蒙古人统治者abandonv.放弃 遗弃siten.地点 场所 遗址constructionn.建筑 建筑物auxiliarya.辅助的 补助的the embryonic

34、 formn.还处在胚胎的形式3 capturev.捕获俘获officiallyad.职务上 的 官方的 正式的4 set upv.树立 架起guard systemn.守卫系统defendv.防护 辩护threatv.恐吓 威胁 triben.部落 部族well constructeda.建造得好extendv.扩充 延伸urnn.n.瓮,缸,骨灰瓮,坟墓,茶水壶comprise withv.包含 由。组成5 whereasad.而outer city/inner cityn.外城 内城6 military defensen.军事防备prisoner vann.囚车 van 有蓬货车stab

35、ilityn.安定 稳定78 symmetricallyad.对称地axisn.轴as far as is concernedad.当涉及到。9 tear down-tore，torn downv.撕扯；撕裂；撕破；撕毁relicn.遗迹reconstructionn.重建Text 3Para.1Text 4Para.1北京是中国的四大古都之一，其源头可追溯到2000多年前。1216-1294adj.身体的,物质的,自然的,物理的adj.基础牢靠的 有根据的,有理由的,有事实为依据Text 1Para.1legend has it that有一个这样的传说herbn.药草香草ingestv.摄

36、取 咽下 吸收drip n.v.水滴 使滴下herbal medicinen.草药a religious offeringn.宗教的献祭popularization n.普及Buddhismn.佛教refreshing effectsn.令人精神为之一振Zazenn.坐禅Meditation as practiced in Zen Buddhism.meditationn.沉思 冥想2 prosperv.成功 兴隆 昌盛a major eventn.一件大事cornerstonen.墙角石 基础sagen.a贤明的，明智的，审慎的，贤人圣人detailn.细节 详情concerningprep

37、.关于waren.陶器 器皿processv.加工处理quotationn.引用语recordn.记录commentn.评论omitv.省略3 tintv.微染（头发）；染色delicatea.精巧的 精致的sumptuousa.lay the foundation forv.为打下基础inheritv.遗传 继承4 folk artn.民间艺术entertainmentn.娱乐5 monkn.僧人Zenn.禅宗tea proceduren.茶道？waren.陶器 器皿promotev.提高initiationn.开始ceremonyn.典礼Arabica.阿拉伯（语）的merchantn.商

38、人exportn.v.出口 输出 出口货物viaprep.通过经由Macaun.澳门Dutcha.荷兰6 lustern.光泽have a lusterv.有光泽make a rustling noisev.有沙沙的声音palmn.手掌2 fragrancen.香味a charred tasten.一种烧焦的味道have a natural aromav.有自然的香味orchidn.兰花jasminen.茉莉花3 chewv.咀嚼mellownessn.成熟 芳醇infusev.灌输 注入 沏茶泡茶unfoldv.打开liquorn.液体 酒精饮料a tint of bitternessn.一

39、点点苦aftertasten.回味 余韵stalea.不新鲜的 陈腐的malodorousa.恶臭的Text 2Para.1be traced back tov.追溯到fluten.笛子mainstreamn.主流the royal courtn.宫廷with the introduction of ad.随着的引入Islamn.伊斯兰exotica.异国情调的melodyn.旋律absorbv.吸收 吸引faira.展览会 集市templen.庙宇2 operan.歌剧a new type of literaturen.一种文学的新形式resemblev.与相似lyrica.歌词thrive

40、v.兴旺繁荣musical instrumentn.乐器pipan.琵琶3 traditional operan.传统剧目diverselyad.不同地 各色各样distinctivea.与众不同的combinev.使联合 使结合essencen.基本 本质appreciatev.4 composev.组成 写作 作曲folk songn.民歌develop with local flavorn.带着当地色彩发展herdv.放牧5(Lute)name afterv.取名 按照命名reach ones summitv.达到顶点occupy a predominant placev.占据重要地位o

41、rchestran.管弦乐队vividly ad.生动地 鲜明地depictv.描绘minglev.（使）混合pearln.珍珠jade platen.玉盘6 undergo,underwentv.经历 遭受undergo improvementv.有了进步verticallyad.垂直pickn.(弹奏乐器用的)拨子pluck the stringsv.拨弦volumen.音量resonancen.回声 共鸣harmonyn.协调 融洽a sense of beautyn.美感untold numbers of peoplen.数不清的人Erhurefineda.精制的 优雅的variati

42、onn.变种 变化instrumentn.器械 器具Beijing Operan.京剧7 stand the Erhu on ones lapn.把二胡立在膝盖上vertical stringsn.竖弦folk artistn.民间艺术家conjure upv.想象；推想；回忆；忆起composern.作曲家desolationn.荒芜 荒废Flutebe made of bamboov.由竹子制成blow airstreams through a holev.把风吹入孔洞flexiblyad.容易弯曲地，柔软地leisurelyad.从容不迫地pastorala.田园的Text 3Para.

43、1Text 4Para.1prisoner vanstabilitysymmetricallyaxisas far as isconcernedtear down-torn downrelicsreconstruction坐禅Meditation as practiced in Zen Buddhism.Text 1the five constantvirtues五常；仁义礼智信Para.1create a brillianthistory and culture创造出灿烂的历史文化formv.形成moral coden.道德规范have great significancetodayv.在今

44、天还有极大的意义the value to sth.is nowwidely recognized对sth的价值现在被广泛承认2 benevolencen.仁爱心 善行righteousnessn.正当 正义proprietyn.适当wisdomn.智慧 明智的行为fidelityn.忠实 诚实 忠诚be widely acknowledgedall over Chinav.全国上下被广泛承认monitorv.监控3the first and mostimportant第一位也是最重要的it manifests itself inthe inner mind它在内心里表现出来compassion

45、n.同情心in terms ofprep.依据benevolence demands thatone be amiable仁爱心要求一个人要和蔼可亲amiablea.亲切的，和蔼可亲的do evil deedsv.做坏事cultivate ones virtuev.培养某人的品德the golden rulen.黄金定律what one does not wishfor oneself,one oughtnot to do to anyone else己所不欲勿施于人what one recognizes asdesirable for oneself,one ought to be will

46、ingto grant to others.己所欲者 亦施与人ethicala.与伦理有关的a growing identificationof the interests of selfand othern.自我和他人越来越统一spare no effort to dov.不遗余力干。lay down ones life tothis endv.为了这个目标不惜牺牲生命with no thought of beingrepaidad.从未想过回报righteousnesssdistinguish betweenright and wrongv.区分善恶consciencen.良心justic

47、en.正义the act is morally right这一举动在道德上是对的as opposed toad.作为。的对立面above all sth is aboutsth最为重要的是。proprietyloyaltyn.忠诚filial pietyn.孝顺fraternal dutyn.兄弟间的责任 孝悌originatev.起源 发生sacrificial ritesn.祭祀的仪式behavioral normsn.行为规范maintain hierarchyn.保持等级制度monarchn.君主subjectn.臣民modesta.谦虚的wisdomjudgev.判断definev.

48、下定义 详细说明personalityn.个性saintn.圣徒distinguish truth fromfalsehoodv.区分善恶confuseda.困惑的 烦恼的profitsn.利润 益处 得益aptituden.恰当 智能 自然倾向moral cultivationn.道德上的培养acquisitionn.获得acquirelie inv.在于fidelity externallyad.外表上，外形上ones deeds match oneswords行动与话语相配internallyad.在内 在心中unisonn.调和 和谐inseparablea.不能分的hencead.因

49、此 从此Text 2Women of Ancient Chinan.Para.1in Confucian termsad.用孔子的话语体系，术语patriarchal societyn.父权社会rules set byConfucianismn.儒教所立的规矩a dependant beingn.依附他人的人be governed byv.被。所控制three obediences andfour virtuesn.三从四德moralityn.道德proper speechn.言语恰当modest mannern.谦虚的态度 diligent workn.勤奋的工作stereotypen.老套

50、 陈腔滥调reserveda.保留的subordinate to mena.从属于男人inferior positionn.低人一等的位置fight for sth.v.为。而奋斗demurea.端庄的Wu Zetiana woman did rule,andruled successfully.有个女人确实统治了中国，还统治得很好ruthlessa.无情的 残忍的it is noted that有人注意到。2 elevatev.举起 提拔 振奋have sb do sthv.让某人干某事be held up as anexemplary female figurev.被推举为模范女性refe