英美文学整个课件内容docgzip.pdf

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1、第 1 页 Chapter 1 Pre-Renaissance British LiteratureAngle-Saxon,Middle period Major knowledge points:A.Old English Literature(before 1066):Beowulf 贝奥武甫 B.Age Literature(1066-1400):Chaucer and The Canterbury Tales 坎特伯雷故事集 A.Old English Period(before 1066)History Celtic period(1800BC-55 BC)Arthurian leg

2、end Oral tradition:scoops and gleeman Roman period(55 BC-410 AD)Anglo-Saxon period(410 AD-1066)All Christianized at the end of 7th century Co-existence of heathen/pagan poems and religious poems Christian poets:Caedmon and Cynewulf Latin prose:The Ecclesiastical History of the English People 英吉利教会史

3、by Bede King Alfred the Great of Wessex and his contribution Anglo-Saxon Chronicle 盎格鲁-撒克逊编年史 Beowulf An Old English heroic epic poem consisting of 3182 alliterative long lines,第 2 页 set in Scandinavia,commonly cited as one of the most important works of Anglo-Saxon literature.Its composition by an

4、anonymous Anglo-Saxon poet is dated between the 8th and the early 11th century.I.Story The battles of Beowulf,the Swedish hero,in youth and old age II.Genre(Narrative epic)Realistic reflection of tribal society Heroic exploits:semi-god hero,part-legendary,part-historical Ancient peoples misery and f

5、eelings and desire Ancient peoples way for getting top over the universe through imagination III.Verse form Alliterative verse 头韵体诗(辅音押头韵)Alliterative verse is a form of verse that uses alliteration as the principal structuring device to unify lines of poetry,as opposed to other devices such as rhym

6、e.The most commonly studied traditions of alliterative verse are those found in the oldest literature of many Germanic languages.This is a technique in which the first half of the line(the a-verse)is linked to the second half(the b-verse)through similarity in initial sound.Examples Oft Scyld Scefing

7、 sceaena reatum A long-line is divided into two half-lines.Half-lines are also known as verses;the first is called the a-verse,the second the b-verse.第 3 页 A heavy pause separates the verses.Each verse usually has two strongly stressed syllables.The first stressed syllable in the b-verse nearly alwa

8、ys alliterated with either or both stressed syllables in the a-verse.The second stressed syllable in the b-verse does not alliterate with the stressed syllables in the a-verse.IV.Features Intermingling of the heathen with the Christian components Reflecting the tribal society at its late phase The u

9、se of kenning Compound words to serve as indirect metaphors that are sometimes very picturesque.“Whale-path,“Wave-traveler“Shield-bearer,“Sword-clashings,“battle-sweat,“gift-giver,“fresh coat B.Middle Age Literature(1066-1400)Norman Conquest marks the establishment of 1.Feudal system in England Majo

10、r social conflicts:serfs VS feudal barons(the uprising of 1381;feudal barons VS kings(the sign of the Magna Carter;the War of Rose;)2.French dominance French influence in literature,language and some other cultural forms 第 4 页 3.The hatred between France and England The Hundred Years War with France

11、(1337-1453)Feudalism in the upward momentum The History of the Kings of Britain 英国列王史by Geoffrey of Monmouth in Latin Fabliau:a medieval French traditional literary form(A short story in verse relating some comic incidents of ordinary life.)Satires Lyrics on love or nature Alliterative or metrical r

12、omances Note for explanation:Romance Romance,alliterative and metrical,constitute the bulk of the literary works in England in the three centuries after 1066.the word romance here refers to some verse narrative that sings of knightly adventures or other heroic deeds,and usually emphasizes the chival

13、ric love of the Middle Ages in Europe.The legend of King Arthur and his Round Table knights Sir Gawain and the Green Knight 加文爵士与绿骑士 English literature from the mid-14 A.D.Deteriorating and declining of feudalism The rising power of burgesses as the mainstay of middle class The earliest English vers

14、ion of the Bible translated by John Wycliffe 第 5 页.Piers the Plowman by William Langland:medieval literary convention of vision and allegory;a satire;social reformer.Ballads 1.Themes:peoples literature Border Ballads Robin Hood Ballad Arthurian legend or biblical material Dealing with domestic life,

15、love,political treachery,the intelligence and ingenuity of the common laboring people 2.Ballad meter Note for explanation:Ballad Metre It has stanzas of four iambic lines.The first and third typically have four-stresses;the second and fourth have three-stresses and usually rhyme.The ballad metre is

16、distinguished from the common metre in that it has the rhyme scheme X A X A instead of A B A B.Just sit right back and youll hear a tale,a tale of a fateful trip.That started from this tropic port,aboard this tiny ship.Geoffrey Chaucer and The Canterbury Tales Chaucer:1.the variety of his career;第 6

17、 页 2.a transitional poet from mediaeval to Renaissance age;3.his indebtedness to Italian Renaissance;4.his contribution to the development of English by his masterpiece I.Frame story General prologue 24 stories Separate prologues Links The Pilgrims Include:Monastic order:a prioress,a second nun,the

18、nuns priest,a monk,a friar Secular clergy:a clerk,a parson,a summoner,a pardoner Upper social ladder:a franklin,a knight,a squire,a doctor of physic,sergeant of law Burgess:a haberdasher,a carpenter,a weaver,a dyer,a tapestry weaver,a cook,a wife of Bath Rural dweller:a plowman,a miller,a manciple,a

19、 reeve Trade:a shipman,a merchant A yeoman,the host and a portrait of Chaucer himself.A canon and his yeoman join the pilgrimage later and tell one tale.The Tales include:The General Prologue The Millers Tale 第 7 页 The Knights Prologue and Tale The Cooks Prologue and Tale The Reeves Prologue and Tal

20、e The Man of Laws Prologue and Tale The Wife of Baths Prologue and Tale The Friars Prologue and Tale The Summoners Prologue and Tale Portrait of Chaucer as a Canterbury pilgrim in the Ellesmere manuscript of The Canterbury Tales The Clerks Prologue and Tale The Merchants Prologue and Tale The Squire

21、s Prologue and Tale The Franklins Prologue and Tale The Physicians Tale The Pardoners Prologue and Tale The Shipmans Tale The Prioress Prologue and Tale Chaucers Tale of Sir Topas The Tale of Melibee The Monks Prologue and Tale The Nuns Priests Prologue and Tale The Second Nuns Prologue and Tale 第 8

22、 页 The Canons Yeomans Prologue and Tale The Manciples Prologue and Tale The Parsons Prologue and Tale Chaucers Retraction A worthy woman from beside Bath city Was with us,somewhat deaf,which was a pity.In making cloth she showed so great a bent She bettered those of Ypres and of Ghent In all the par

23、ish not a dame dared stir Towards the altar steps in front of her And if indeed they did,so wrathe was she As to be quite put out of charity.Her kerchiefs were of finely woven ground,I dared have sworn they weighed a good then pound,The ones she wore on Sunday,on her head.Her hose were of the finest

24、 scarlet red And gartered tight;her shoes were soft and new.Bold was her face,handsome,and red in hue.A worthy woman all her life,whats more Shed have five husbands,all at the church door,Apart from other company in youth;No need just now to speak of that,forsooth.第 9 页 And she had thrice been to Je

25、rusalem,Seen many strange rivers and passed over them;Shed been to Rome and also to Boulogne,St.James of Compostella and Cologne,And she was skilled in wandering by the way.She had gap-teeth,set widely,truth to say.Easily on an ambling horse she sat Well wimpled up,and on her head a hat As broad as

26、is a buckler or a shield;She had a flowing mantle that concealed Large hips,her heels spurred sharply under that.In company she liked to laugh and chat And knew the remedies for loves mischances,An art in which she know the oldest dances.He and a gentle Pardoner rode together.A bird from Charing Cro

27、ss of the same feather,Just back from visiting the Court of Rome.He loudly sang Come hither,love,come home!The summoner sang deep seconds to this song,No trumpet ever sounded half so strong.This Pardoner had hair as yellow as wax Hanging down smoothly like a hank of flax.第 10 页 In driblets fell his

28、locks behind his head Down to his shoulders which they overspread;Thinly they fell,like rat-tails,one by one.He wore no hood upon his head,for fun;The hood inside his wallet had been stowed,He aimed at riding in the latest mode;But for a little cap his head was bare And he had bulging eye-balls,like

29、 a hare Hed sewed a holy relic on his cap;His wallet lay before him on his lap,Brimful of pardons come from Rome all hot.He had the same small voice a goat has got.His chin no beard had barboured,nor would harbour,Smoother than ever chin was left by barber.I judge he was a gelding,or a mare.As to hi

30、s trade,from Berwick down to Ware There was no pardoner of equal grace,For in his trunk he had a pillow case Which he asserted was Our Ladys veil.He said he had a gobbet of the sail Saint Peter had the time when he made bold To walk the waves,till Jesu Christ took hold 第 11 页 He had a cross of metal

31、 set with stones And,in a glass,a rubble of pigs bones.And with there relics,any time he found Some poor up-country parson to astound,On one short day,in money down,he drew More than the parson in a month or two,And by his flatteries and prevarication Made monkeys of the priest and congregation.But

32、still to do him justice first and last In church he was a noble ecclesiast.How well he read a lesson or told a story!But best of all he sang an offertory For well he knew that when that song was sung Hed have to preach and tune his honey-tongue And(well he could)win sliver from the crowd.Thats why h

33、e sang so merrily and loud.II.Features of narration The sense of humor The loyalty to reality The infinite sense of humanity Verse form:Heroic couplet 英雄双行体 Language:London-based English 第 12 页 III.Diversification in resources in characterization in themes:social criticism,rising burgesses rising se

34、nse of self-importance,womens status,marriage,.in literary genres Question:What is heroic couplet Please explain with reference to lines from The Canterbury Tales.Selected-reading task Unit 2 Literature of the Renaissance Major knowledge points:1.Pre-Elizabethan literature(1400-1557).Protestant Refo

35、rmation.The influence of Italian Renaissance in Britain:British Humanism movement .Thomas More and his Utopia 2.Elizabethan literature(1557-1603).The features of Elizabethan Age.Two sub-period .1557-1579:Thomas Wyatt,his Tottels Miscellany and his introduction of sonnet into Britain;John Skelton and

36、 his Skeltonic verse;Earl of Surrey and his introduction of blank verse into Britain;Edmund 第 13 页 Spencer and his The Shepheardes Calender .1580-1599:Edmund Spencer,his The Faerie Queene and his Spenserian sonnet;Philip Sidney,his sonnet sequence Astrophel and Stella,his pastoral Romance Arcadia,an

37、d his prose Apologie for Poetrie;John Lyly and his euphemism style;“University Wits and Christopher Marlowe and his three“one-person tragedies;William Shakespeare and his sonnets and his plays .Jacobean period(1603-1625)Ben Jonson and his“Comedy of humours;some other writers:George Chapman and his t

38、ranslation of classic epics,John Webster and his tragedy of blood,Thomas North and his translation of Plutarchs Lives,Francis Beaumont and John Fletcher and their vulgar dramas,;Francis Bacon and his Essay;The King James Bible;John Donne and the Metaphysical school Religious Reformation The reason:A

39、 natural corollary of popular disaffection with depravity and corruption of Catholic church and the holy clerics as well as the desire and anger on the part of more enlightened minds for reform and improvement Starting in Germany by Martin Luther,echoed positively throughout many European areas The

40、Protestants:the Lutherians,the Calvinists,The major doctrines:the purity of church and the simplification of judgment by God through faith with no mediation from church or priest 第 14 页 The contribution:emancipation of mans mind from religious tyranny and fanaticism;affirmation of the considerable p

41、rogress of man epistemology;facilitation of individual expression and critical thinking Basic knowledge:.14th century in Italy.The revival or rebirth of Greek and Roman learning:art,literature,philosophy,thinking,.New view of life,new outlook on the world,new attitude toward living Renaissance age.T

42、he exaltation of man and absorption in earthly life.The dominance of Materialistic philosophy and scientific thought.Exploration of the infinite capabilities of man to conquer all sectors of the universe;the appearance of individual expression and critical thinking .Humanists:aggressive,ambitious,ad

43、venturous,confident,acquisitive,dynamic;VS Medieval age .The interest in God and life after death.The popularity of religious mysticism and fanaticism and superstition as well as church dogmas .Mans servitude under the omnipotence and omniscience of God;total submission and acceptance in face of the

44、 church and other forms of 第 15 页 external power and control;the universe is mysterious and unknown to man .Medieval mind:submissive,conservative,superstitious,restrictive,Italy ：Petrarch Boccaccio Ariosto Tasso France：Montaigne Rabelais Germany：Martin Luther Holland：Erasmus Spain：Cervantes England：

45、Thomas More Marlowe Shakespeare Progressive standing:Abolition of private ownership No idleness but participation in physical labor No exploitative monarchy but equality and democracy in social relationship Socialization of production and distribution Public education on the basis of rationalism Con

46、demnation of the all-powerful money Religious tolerance Opposition to asceticism and promotion of mans existence by nature Limitations:Strict adherence to conformity 第 16 页 A slave society A hint of superpower politics Male supremacy A utopian socialism with no feasible basis The features of Elizabe

47、than Age Political situation:centralization of monarchy;relevant peace at home and overseas;favorable political atmosphere for art and culture development Religion:weakened Catholic power in mental dictatorship after Religious Reformation and the inroads of Protestantism Strengthened economic and mi

48、litary power:geographical discoveries,imperial colonization,expansive oversea trades and domestic manufacture industry In social customs:the bohemian lifestyle prevails as a result of the full emancipation of human emotion,mind and behavior with no restriction In human life:the spirit of adventure a

49、nd experiment permeates all the fields of human activities as a result of the full development of mans epistemology and knowledge and capability An age of talents and marvelous accomplishments by human beings In literature:poetry,drama and prose are all booming 第 17 页 Innovations in verse form John

50、Skelton Skeltonic verse(doggerel 打油诗):short lines frequently of two or three feet each;quick recurring rhymes in a rapid movement of verse;a very effective vehicle for Skeltons biting satire and vigorous humor.Sir Thomas Wyatt Tottels Miscellany:Indebtedness to Petrarchan sonnet both in the theme of