2021届宜昌市第一中学高三英语上学期期末考试试题及答案解析.pdf

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1、2021 届宜昌市第一中学高三英语上学期期末考试试题及答案解析 第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分 40 分）第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项 A In September,something terrible happened on the west coast ofTasmania,Australia.As many as 380 pilot whales became stranded(搁浅)in shallow water there and later died.This might have bee

2、nAustralias largest stranding event on record,the BBC reported.But this large amount of whale stranding is not uncommon.For centuries,it has happened all over the world and has puzzled scientists.Scientists say the cause is often unknown.But they have offered many different explanations.Some say the

3、 whales chase small fish for food and end up in shallow water because they are not paying attention to where they are going.Others think the stranding has something to do with Earths geomagnetic field(地磁场).They say that a geomagnetic compass in whales brains controls their position.Unusual changes i

4、n Earths magnetic field can affect the whales compasses and send them in the wrong direction.Another explanation suggests that stranding is caused by the close relationships that whales have.Pilot whales travel in large groups.One lead whale might mistakenly lead the whole group to shallow water.“An

5、d if one gets into trouble,the others will not leave,”said Sheryl Gibney,a leading biologist fromNew Zealand.“Some will come in and try to help,they get trapped on the beach,then more will come.”The whales are trapped by mistake or out of sympathy(同情).Once they get stranded,they will likely die.Acco

6、rding to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of theUS,less than 10 percent of all stranded whales survive.1.What do we know about the stranding inAustralia?A.It happened on theeast coast ofAustralia.B.It caused the death of over 300 pilot whales.C.It is commonly seen in September eac

7、h year.D.It was the largest stranding event in the world.2.According to Gibney,the pilot whales are the animals that_.A.are kind to each other B.are easy to lose direction C.are too huge to float in the sea D.are silly to follow the leading whale 3.What is the story mainly about?A.How human activity

8、 has affected whales.B.What might cause whale strandings.C.How whales find their direction while traveling.D.What scientists are doing to save stranded whales.B NASA has flown an aircraft on another planet for the first time.On Monday,April 19,Ingenuity,a 1.8-kilogram drone(无人机)helicopter,took off f

9、rom the surface of Mars,flew up about threemeters,then hovered for 40 seconds and took photos above with one of its two cameras.The historic moment was livestreamed on YouTube.“We can now say that human beings have flown a drone helicopter on another planet,”said MiMi Aung,the Ingenuity Mars Helicop

10、ter project manager at NASAs Jet Propulsion Laboratory,at a press conference.“We,together,flew at Mars,and we,together,now have our Wright brothers moment,”she added,referring to the first powered airplane flight on Earth in 1903.The details:The flight was a significant technical challenge,thanks to

11、 Mars s bone-chilling temperatures(nights can drop down to-130 F/-90 C)and its incredibly thin atmosphere just 1%the density of Earth s.That meant Ingenuity had to be light,with rotor blades(螺旋桨)that were bigger and faster than would be needed to achieve liftoff on Earth(although the gravity on Mars

12、,which is only about one-third of Earths,worked in its favor).The flight had originally been scheduled to take place on April 11 but was delayed by software issues.Why its significant:Beyond being a significantmilestonefor Mars exploration,the flight will also pave the way for engineers to think abo

13、ut new ways to explore other planets.Future drone helicopters could help astronauts by scoping out locations,exploring inaccessible areas,and capturing images.Ingenuity will also help inform the design of Dragonfly,a car-size drone that NASA is planning to send to Saturns moon Titan in 2027.Whats ne

14、xt:In the next few weeks,Ingenuity will conduct four more flights,each lasting up to 90 seconds.Each one is designed to further push the limits of Ingenuitys capabilities.Ingenuity is only designed to last for 30 Martian days,and is expected to stop functioning around May 4.Its final resting place w

15、ill be in the Jezero Crater as NASA moves on to the main focus of its mission:Getting the Perseverance rover(毅力号火星探测器)to study Mars for evidence of life.4.Why does MiMi Aung mention Wright brothers?A.To honor the historic contribution of Wright brothers.B.To make a comparison between Wright brothers

16、 and herself.C.To highlight the importance of Ingenuitys Martian exploration.D.To remind the public of the first powered airplane flight on Earth.5.What caused challenges for Ingenuity designers?A.The delay of software tests.B.The force of gravity on Mars.C.Marss temperatures and atmosphere.D.Techni

17、cal difficulty in liftoff on Earth.6.What does the underlined word“milestone”in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A.A great victory.B.A difficult task.C.A roadside stone.D.A historic event.7.Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text?A.Mars Drone Helicopter Makes Historic First Flight B.Mod

18、ern Wright Brothers Moment:Mars Exploration C.First Drone Helicopter Spots Evidence of Life on Mars D.Ingenuity:Mars Drone Flies to Take Incredible Pictures C Surfing the Internet for fun will make you a better employee,according to an Australian study.The University of Melbourne study shows that pe

19、ople who use the Internet for their own reasons at work are about 9 percent more productive than those who do not.Study author Brent Coker said,“Surfing the Internet at times helps increase an employees attention.”“People need to relax for a bit to get back their attention,”Coker said on the univers

20、itys website.“Having a short break,such as a quick surfing of the Internet,helps the mind to rest itself,leading to a higher total Internet attention for a days work,and as a result,increases productivity(生产效率),”he said.According to the study of 300 workers,70 percent of people who use the Internet

21、at work surf the Internet for their own reasons during office hours.Among the most popular surfing activities are searching for information about products,reading online news,playing online games and watching videos.“Firms spend a lot of money on software toblocktheir employees from watching videos,

22、using social networking sites or shopping online,”said Coker.“Thats not always a good idea.”However,Coker said the study looked at people who surfed the Internet in moderation(适度),or were on the Internet for less than 20 percent of their total time in the office.“Those who spend too much time surfin

23、g the Internet will have a lower productivity than those without.”he said.8.What does the University of Melbourne study mainlyshow?A.People who surf the Internet are good employees.B.Not everyone surfs the Internet for fun during office hours.C.The Internet is becoming more and more important in peo

24、ples life.D.Surfing the Internet for fun at times during office hours increases productivity.9.Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as one of the most popular surfing activities?A.Watching videos.B.Reading online news.C.Reading online novels.D.Playing online games.10.The underlined

25、 word“block”in Paragraph 4 means“_”.A.stop B.organize C.protect D.separate 11.What can we infer from the last paragraph?A.Those who never surf the Internet have the lowest productivity.B.Spending too much time surfing the Internet reduces productivity.C.Most people dont surf the Internet in moderati

26、on during office hours.D.People should spend as little time as possible surfing the Internet.D The AI research arm of Alibaba created a machine learning model that received a higher score on the Stanford Question Answering Dataset than humans.The database consists of more than 100,000 questions to t

27、est reading comprehension.In early January this year the Alibaba AI software machine scored 82.44 on the test while humans scored 82.304.Besides,computers and AI have already defeated humans,for example in games such as chess.However,it seemed that language skills were superior in humans as machines

28、 find languages hard to master.A large number of call center employees,often in developing countries,may be out of work soon if the AI robots are cheaper and as effective as human labor.Soon when you phone a company for information the conversation will go like this:“We are sorry but all our robots

29、are busy right now.We value your call.Please stay on the line until a robot is free to serve you.There are just 12 callers ahead of you.”A robot will serve you some popular tunes while you wait.Si Luo,who is a chief scientist of natural language processing at Alibabas AI research group noted that qu

30、estions such as“What causes rain?”can now be answered with a high degree of accuracy by robots.Si Luo said,“We believe the foundational technology can be gradually applied to a lot of applications such as customer service,museum tutorials,and online responses to inquiries from patients,freeing human

31、 efforts in a new way.”Si Luos team is working closely with Ali Xiaomi,a mobile customer service chatbot.Ali Xiaomi can be customized to be used on Alibabas platforms such as Taobao and Tmall.The new AI robots could answer consumers questions as they did the Stanford questions.The robots would look

32、for the answers from prepared information.However,there are limits to what the system will be able to do.If questions do not have clear-cut answers,or the questions asked are too unclear or ungrammatical,the robot may not be able to deal with them.12.What can we learn about the Alibaba AI software m

33、achine?A.It has been tested in some areas.B.It has become popular since January.C.It has offered a special learning style.D.It has made people interested in reading.13.What does the example in paragraph 3 show about the AI robots?A.They should have better language skills.B.They may replace humans in

34、 some fields.C.They need to be customized to serve customers.D.They will be widely used in developing countries.14.How does Si Luo feel about the foundational technology?A.Doubtful.B.Worried.C.Curious.D.Confident.15.What can we infer from the lastparagraph about Ali Xiaomi?A.It needs to improve in s

35、ome ways.B.It is connected with another system.C.It is a platform to show good service.D.It can answer any questions accordingly.第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项 Financial Education-Awareness Dilemma When it comes to financial education,the majority of todays yout

36、h will regard it as a necessity for certain specific people who want to make their career in the financial world._16_Actually,elementary financial education is a must for all,as money transaction is an essential part of our day-to-day life.Suppose you have$100 in a saving account that pays simple in

37、terest at the rate of 2%per year.lf you leave the money in the account,how much will you have accumulated after 5 years:more than$102,exactly$102,or less than$102?The test might look simple,but only half of the people surveyed gave the correct answer._17_The explanation goes as follows:People with l

38、ow levels of financial literacy suffer from that lack of knowledge at every stage of their lives.Researchers on this subject say people with a high degree of financial literacy are more likely to plan for their retirement._18_ On the contrary,people who have a lower degree of financial literacy tend

39、 to borrow more,accumulate less wealth,and pay more in fees related financial products.They are less likely to invest,more likely to experience difficulty with debt,and less likely to know the terms of their mortgages and other loans.Thus,the cost of this financial ignorance is very high._19_ What i

40、s the solution?_20_Like reading and math,financial education must become part of the core curriculum in our schools.Likewise,parents should engage in regular,constructive conversations about money matters.This will give their kids a solid foundation for financial well-being,which will keep on giving

41、 returns throughout the course of their lives.A.Financial education must start early.B.However,they miss an important point.C.Why does each of us have to face a financial challenge?D.Why does financial literacy matter so much in our society?E.Rich people are generally better educated on financial ma

42、nagement.F.Besides,these people have more than double the wealth of people who dont.G.For example,they frequently make late credit card payments,overspend their credit limit,etc.第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分 45 分）第一节（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项 One morning in early fall,I

43、spotted a pair of wild geese on our pond.The beautiful sight caught me by_21_because wed never seen geese there before.Thinking they would soon leave,I_22_the chance to get close to them.I wondered where they came from and why theyd chosen our pond.The next morning,the geese were still my_23_.I walk

44、ed round to the mailbox,showing them I meant no harm._24_,I couldnt resist getting a_25_look.I hid behind some trees and_26_the handsome pair quietly through the branches.I was surprised to see they were staring at me,too!As days passed,I started_27_to them on my trips to the mailbox.They craned the

45、ir necks and raised their heads_28_,but seemed to realize I was their friend.By then,my curiosity about_29_they were staying so long on the pond changed to_30_.As they were feeling in the grass the other day,I discovered the reason for their_31_:the male had a broken left wing.He couldnt_32_,and his

46、 faithful mate wouldnt leave him behind.I asked a biologist what to do.He explained that sometimes a_33_wing would heal by itself and suggested letting nature take its course.On the first day of November,I was working in the neighborhood of the geese with my tractor.As I bent to fasten a chain from

47、the tractor,I_34_some movement from the corner of my eye.Both geese were running towards the pond.Their wing were_35_like crazy,struggling for take-off.Gradually,they flew over the pond.They_36_enough altitude to fly past a neighbors house,and then circled back towards me,flying no more than 50 feet

48、 over my head as if to say goodbye.Then they were out of_37_.The seasons first snowflake fell the very next day.The birds must have_38_that winter was coming,and it was time to go.I became fond of them during their_39_visit to our pond,and now I miss them.Ill never forget their_40_to each other.21.A

49、.accident B.surprise C.nature D.fortune 22.A.increased B.created C.deserved D.valued 23.A.guests B.puzzles C.fellows D.friends 24.A.Instead B.Therefore C.Still D.Anyhow 25.A.closer B.quicker C.quieter D.broader 26.A.approached B.calmed C.observed D.protected 27.A.turning B.attending C.driving D.talk

50、ing 28.A.firmly B.cautiously C.warmly D.proudly 29.A.why B.when C.how D.whether 30.A.sympathy B.rescue C.pleasure D.concern 31.A.companion B.visit C.settlement D.care 32.A.recover B.survive C.fly D.return 33.A.weak B.folded C.broken D.flightless 34.A.held B.caught C.directed D.made 35.A.spreading B.