2021届山东省潍坊第八中学高三英语期中试卷及答案解析.pdf

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1、2021 届山东省潍坊第八中学高三英语期中试卷及答案解析 第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分 40 分）第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项 A When it comes to the greatest inventions of the world,Chinas name is sure to be mentioned several times.There are hundreds of things which were invented by the Chinese.Alcohol Shocked?I w

2、as because when they said alcohol I thought about either the US or the UK.China had never crossed my mind.In China,alcohol was made by two legendary persons named Yi Di and Du Kang who belonged to the Xia Dynasty.This period was about 2000 BC-1600 BC.Research says that in ancient China,beer with 4%a

3、lcoholic content was widely consumed by people.Tea China is the proud inventor of tea which was first drunk by Shen Nong,a Chinese emperor around 2737 BC.Tea production was rapidly developed,making tea a popular drink during the Tang and Song Dynasties.The Mechanical Clock Have you ever wondered wha

4、t on earth we would be doing without any idea of time?A clock really is an invention without which things were incomplete.The credit of making the first mechanical clock goes to ancient China.The first mechanical clock was invented by Yi Xing in the Tang Dynasty.This was during 618 and 907.Silk Fabr

5、ic Silk,the favorite fabric of many girls out there,is also a Chinese invention.Although we all know that silk is made by silkworms,it was Chinese people who first invented a way to harvest the silk and then use it to make clothes.The oldest silk which has been found so far is in Henan Province and

6、dates back to 3630 BC.1.We can learn from Paragraph 2 that _.A.people in the US like alcohol B.beer was popular in the Xia Dynasty C.Yi Di and Du Kang invented alcohol by accident D.the author didnt know alcohol is a Chinese invention 2.The author asks the question in Paragraph 4 to show _.A.ancient

7、 Chinese inventors were wiser B.many things in our lives are incomplete C.ancient Chinese people never wasted time D.the invention of the mechanical clock is important 3.Which of the following invention has a longer history?A.Tea.B.Alcohol.C.Silk fabric.D.The mechanical clock.B Thefirst thing we not

8、ice about new people are their faces.The next time we see these people,we remember them because we remember their faces.This seems like a simple process.However,scientists found that it is not such a simple process.The section of the brain that is responsible for face recognition seems to work diffe

9、rently for different people.Some people have great difficulty remembering and recognizing faces,while others almost never forget a face.Normal babies are born with a natural ability to recognize faces.In fact,their face recognition abilities are much better than their parents.Babies are most highly

10、skilled at face recognition at six months.But by nine months,they lose this skill.By nine months,a babys face-recognition skills are about the same as an adults.Unfortunately,some people are not born with this ability to recognize faces.The part of the brain that is responsible for face recognition

11、doesnt work for them.This condition is called face blindness.People with very severe face blindness cannot even recognize their own faces.In fact,people with this condition can sometimes be frightened when they look in the mirror.They dont recognize their own face,so for a second they are startled w

12、hen they see this unfamiliar face.Face blindness is not always severe.Scientists believe up to 10 percent of the population may be affected by face blindness to some degree,yet many people with mild face blindness might not even know they have it.They have no reason to know they are different from a

13、nyone else until someone points it out.This is similar to people with color1 blindness.Colorblind people cant see the difference between certain color1 s such as red and green,until someone tells them that green and red are two different color1 s.There is no cure for face blindness.So for the time b

14、eing,people with face blindness need to find simple techniques to compensate for their problem.They can try to recognize people by their hairstyle,their voice,or their glasses.Hopefully,in the future as scientists learn more about this condition,they may find a cure.4.What is the first paragraph mai

15、nly about?A.The way to improve ones face-recognition skills.B.The simple process of the brain to recognize others faces.C.The fact that some people have face-recognition problems.D.The importance of face recognition in human communication.5.When do children have the best face-recognition skills?A.At

16、 birth.B.Half a year old.C.Nine months old.D.In adolescence.6.What does the underlined word“startled”in the 3rd paragraph probably mean?A.Depressed.B.Confused.C.Embarrassed.D.Surprised.7.What does the author think of the problem of face blindness?A.People need to take it seriously.B.Certain techniqu

17、es can make up for it.C.It will be cured in the near future.D.It has the same effect with color1 blindness.C In a study published in Nature Machine Intelligence,researchers at Ohio State University show how artificial intelligence（AI）can follow clinical trials to identify drugs for repurposing,a sol

18、ution that can help advance innovative treatments.Repurposing drugs is legal and not unusual.When doctors prescribe(开处方)drugs that have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration(FDA)for purposes different from what is printed on the labels,the drugs are being used“off-label”Just because a dr

19、ug is FDA-approved for a specific type of disease does not prevent it from having possible benefits for other purposes.For example,Metformin,a drug that is FDA-approved for treating type 2 diabetes,is also used to treat PCOS(a disease of women),and other diseases.Trazodone,an anti-depressant with FD

20、A-approval to treat depression,is also prescribed by doctors to help treat patients with sleep issues.The Ohio State University research team created an AI deep learning model for predicting treatment probability with patient data including the treatment,outcomes,and potential confounders(干扰因素).Conf

21、ounders are related to the exposure and outcome.For example,a connection is identified between music festivals and increases in skin rashes(红疹).Music festivals do not directly cause skin rashes.In this case,one possible confounding factor between the two may be outdoor heat,as music festivals tend t

22、o run outdoors when the temperature is high,and heat is a known cause for rashes.When working with real-world data,confounders could number in the thousands.AI deep learning is well-suited to find patterns in the complexity of potentially thousands of confounders.The researcher team used confounders

23、 including population data and co-prescribed drugs.With this proof-of-concept,now clinicians have a powerful AI tool to rapidly discover new treatments by repurposing existing medications.8.What do we know about a drug used off-label?A.It is sold without a label.B.It is available at a low price.C.It

24、s uses extend beyond the original ones.D.Its clinical trials are rejected by doctors.9.Metformin and Trazodone are similar as both of them_.A.are used off-label B.treat rare diseases C.result in sleep issues D.are medical breakthroughs 10.What can be inferred about“confounders”?A.They are possible t

25、reatments.B.They are environmental factors.C.They can be easily recognized in real-world data.D.They should be taken into serious consideration.11.What is the main idea of the text?A.AI examines benefits of existing drugs.B.AI identifies off-label uses for drugs.C.AI finds new drugs for common disea

26、ses.D.AI proves the power of drug research.D The regular world presented to us by our five senses you could call it reality 1.0 is not always the most user-friendly.We get lost in unfamiliar cities;we meet people whose language we dont understand.So why not try the improved version:augmented reality

27、（AR）or reality 2.0?AR technology adds computer-produced images on the real world via a mobile phone camera or special video glasses.Early forms of AR are already here smart phones can deliver information about nearby ATMs and restaurants and other points of interest.But thats just the beginning.A fe

28、w years from now the quantity of information available will have increased hugely.You will not only see that theres a Chinese restaurant on the next block,but you will be able to see the menu and read reviews of it.This is where the next revolution in computing will take place:in the interface（界面）be

29、tween the real world and the information brought to us via the Internet.Imagine bubbles floating before your eyes,filled with cool information about anything and everything that you see in front of you.Lets jump ahead to ten years from now.A person trying to fix a car wont be reading a book with pic

30、tures;he will be wearing a device that projects animated 3D computer graphics onto the equipment under repair,labelling parts and giving step-by-step guidance.The window onto the AR world can be a smart phone or special video glasses.But in ten years time these will have been replaced by contact len

31、ses(隐形眼镜)with tiny LEDs,which present something at a readable distance in front of eyes.So a deaf person wearing these lenses will be able to see what people are saying.The question is,while we are all absorbed in our new augmented reality world,how willwe be communicating with each other?12.What is

32、 the text mainly about?A.The relationship between reality 1.0 and reality 2.0.B.Different forms of the AR technology.C.The next information technology revolution.D.The popularity of the AR technology.13.Which of the following will AR technology support according to the text?A.To pay for things onlin

33、e conveniently.B.To play online games merrily.C.To offer information efficiently.D.To communicate with others socially.14.What are Contact lenses with tiny LEDs used for?A.Show texts and images.B.Protect peoples eyes.C.Help deaf people communicate.D.Replace smart phone.15.Whats the authors attitude

34、towards the AR technology?A.Indifferent.B.Critical.C.Concerned.D.Favourable.第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项 Running,cycling,aerobics(有氧运动)there are hundreds of ways to get fit._16_Here are two ly new ones that you might like to try.Exergaming Exergaming consists

35、of doing exercise with video games.And there are lots to choose from.Dance Dance Revolution(DDR)is a fun way to work out.Simply stand on a platform and hit the coloured arrows with your feet as you follow the instructions on the screen._17_As the tagline(标语)says,“Taking dancing to a whole new level!

36、”For a gentler form of exercise,try the“Wii Fit”series of games.You can do yoga,strength training and aerobics while standing on a balance board._18_ Anti-shoes _19_Theyre meant to improve your posture,and strengthen your muscles.They can also increase circulation and reduce body fat.The shoes were

37、invented by Swiss engineer Karl Mller in the early 1990s.On a visit to Korea,he noticed that walking barefoot over some soft fields alleviated(缓解)his back and knee problems.He also discovered that the Kenyan Masai tribespeople(who often walk barefoot)dont suffer from back pain and are famous for the

38、ir perfect posture.So,he decided that the answer was a shoe with a curved sole and no heel.The shoes were launched in 1996,and by 2000 approximately 20,000 pairs had been sold in Switzerland,Austria and Germany._20_Some celebrities such as Jemima Khan,Jodie Kidd and Sadie Frost also own a pair.A.Sin

39、ce then,they have become a big hit.B.Concentrate on the screen and search for the instructions.C.You score points by hitting the right arrow at the right time.D.And every year there are lots of new ideas for getting into shape.E.Walking on Anti-shoes is similar to walking barefoot onsand or grass.F.

40、Personalize your workout,or exercise with a friend,competing in games!G.Anti-shoes are designed to exercise parts of your body while youre walking.第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分 45 分）第一节（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项 Early in my career,I was always shocked by the fact that“ex

41、pensive”hotels charged extra money for things like Internet access and movies.At the same time,many_21_hotels included everything.Although these less expensive hotels did not have_22_lobbies(大 堂),they did offer the things that a young and tired_23_would want:a clean room and a quiet environment.For

42、the high prices you pay at nice hotels,everything should be_24_.They should give refunds(退款)for the things you dont_25_instead of tricking their customers.I once read an article about a government officer who was invited to a very expensive restaurant inWashington.The restaurants food and service we

43、re both_26_.But there was something that ruined his_27_:the officer was charged1 for the ice in his7 mixed drink.The fact that he was charged the extra dollar_28_-instead of just being charged8-made him so_29_that instead of talking about how wonderful everything was at the restaurant,he_30_talked a

44、bout the21._31_,he never went back to that restaurant again.I see the_32_thing is starting to happen in the airline industry.For example,American Airlines is charging22.50 for snacks and7 for meals.Unbelievably,sodas and water are still_33_.The airline should just charge a_34_price and give you a re

45、fund for what you dont want or use.This will put more power in the hands of a_35_-the airline might be surprised to find that people are willing to_36_extra services.Just imagine what could happen if you just trust your customers to make their own_37_?So remember,dont_38_your customers.Instead,charg

46、e what you think your service or product is worth and take it from there.This way,you can remove_39_services in exchange for lower prices.It becomes a win-win for you and your customers by sharing buying decisions and therefore giving your customers more_40_.23.A.brilliant B.affordable C.comfortable

47、 D.international 24.A.well-developed B.well-organized C.well-decorated D.well-known 25.A.businessman B.explorer C.student D.traveler 26.A.charged B.accepted C.included D.improved 27.A.use B.buy C.eat D.like 28.A.tasty B.ordinary C.disappointing D.excellent 29.A.activity B.excitement C.adventure D.ex

48、perience 30.A.completely B.exactly C.separately D.totally 31.A.annoyed B.satisfied C.ashamed D.stressed 32.A.still B.indeed C.hardly D.only 33.A.After all B.As a result C.So far D.To be honest 34.A.same B.different C.funny D.strange 35.A.fresh B.average C.free D.available 36.A.higher B.lower C.bette

49、r D.cheaper 37.A.employer B.customer C.visitor D.manager 38.A.ask for B.prepare for C.apply for D.pay for 39.A.plans B.minds C.choices D.changes 40.A.embarrass B.cheat C.lose D.puzzles 41.A.terrible B.basic C.unnecessary D.public 42.A.freedom B.support C.warmth D.discount 第二节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15

50、 分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式 For those who love travel，particularly rail travel，China in 1987 was a cantmiss kind of placeIn1987，China was still operating steam trains on some rail routes，_41._made people from many countries amazedBruce Connolly，a photographer from Scotland，_42._（be）one of t