土木工程专业英语常用词汇_1.pdf

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1、 Part IV：Commonly Used Professional Terms of Civil Engineering development organization 建设单位 design organization 设计单位 construction organization 施工单位 reinforced concrete 钢筋混凝土 pile 桩 steel structure 钢结构 aluminium alloy 铝合金 masonry 砌体工程 reinforced 配筋砌体 load-bearing 承重砌体 unreinforced 非配筋砌体 permissible

2、stress(allowable stress)容许应力 plywood 胶合板 retaining wall 挡土墙 finish 装修 finishing material 装修材料 ventilation 通风 natural 自然通风 mechanical 机械通风 diaphragm wall(continuous concrete wall)地下连续墙 villa 别墅 moment of inertia 惯性矩 torque 扭矩 stress 应力 normal 法向应力 shear 剪应力 strain 应变 age hardening 时效硬化 air-conditioni

3、ng system 空调系统(air)void ration土空隙比 albery 壁厨，壁龛 almery 壁厨，贮藏室 anchorage length 锚固长度 antiseismic joint 防震缝 architectural appearance 建筑外观 architectural area 建筑面积 architectural design 建筑设计 fiashing 泛水 workability(placeability)和易性 safety glass 平安玻璃 tempered glass(reinforced glass)钢化玻璃 foamed glass 泡沫玻璃

4、asphalt 沥青 felt(malthoid)油毡 riveted connection 铆接 welding 焊接 screwed connection 螺栓连接 oakum 麻刀，麻丝 tee 三通管 tap 存水弯 esthetics 美学 formwork 模板工程 shoring 支撑 batching 配料 slipform construction(slipforming)滑模施工 lfit-slab construction 升板法施工 mass concrete 大体积混凝土 terrazzo 水磨石 construction joint 施工缝 honeycomb 蜂窝

5、，空洞，麻面 piled foundation 桩基 deep foundation 深根底 shallow foundation 浅根底 foundation depth 根底埋深 pad foundation 独立根底 strip foundation 条形根底 raft foundation 筏基 box foundation 箱形根底 BSMT=basement 地下室 lift 电梯 electric elevator lift well 电梯井 escalator 自动扶梯 Poissons ratio 泊松比 Youngs modulus,modulus of elasticit

6、y 杨氏模量，弹性模量 E safety coefficient 平安系数 fatigue failure 疲劳破坏 bearing capacity of foundations 地基承载力 bearing capacity of a pile 单桩承载力 two-way-reinforcement 双向配筋 reinforced concrete two-way slabs 钢筋混凝土双向板 single way slab 单向板 window blind 窗帘 sun blind wind load 风荷载 curing 养护 watertight concrete 防水混凝土 whit

7、e cement 白水泥 separating of concrete 混凝土离折 segregation of concrete mortar 砂浆 joint 灰缝 pilaster 壁柱 fire rating 耐火等级 fire brick 耐火砖 standard brick 标准砖 terra cotta 琉璃瓦 mosaic 马赛克 ceramic mosaic 陶瓷锦砖，马赛克，ceramic mosaic tile ceramic tile 瓷砖 rubble wall 毛石墙 marble 大理石,大理岩 granite 花岗石,花岗岩 ready-mixed concre

8、te 商品混凝土，预拌混凝土 real estate 房地产 reinforcement bar 钢筋 veinforcement meal,reinforcing bar,reinforcing steel reinforcement cover 混凝土保护层 reinforcement mat 钢筋网,reinforcing mesh reinforcing ratio 配筋率 reinforcement percentage reinforcing work 钢筋工程 residential building居住建筑 rigid foundation 刚性根底 roof 屋顶，屋盖，屋面

9、;roof board 屋面板;roof garden 屋顶花园 roof live load 屋面活荷载 rustic terrazzo 粗面水磨石，水刷石 sand cushion 砂垫层 saw-tooth skylight 锯齿形天窗 scaffold 脚手架 sill 窗台 silty soil 粉质土 single door 单扇门 double door 双扇门 single reinforcemen 单筋 t sliding door推拉门 sliding window水平推拉窗 staircase 楼梯间 stair rail(ing)楼梯栏杆，楼梯扶手 stair step

10、 楼梯踏步 stair string(er)楼梯梁 stair clearance 楼梯净空高度 stair headroom steel forms 钢模板 store room 贮藏室 structural drawings 结构图 soft substratum软弱下卧层 sun louver 遮阳板 supporting block 支座 supporting layer持力层 tensile reinforcement 受拉钢筋 tensile steel,tension reinforcement terrace roof 平屋顶 thermal insulation 隔热 thr

11、ough ventilation穿堂风 timber structure 木结构 wood structure toilet 盥洗间，浴室，厕所，便池 tracing paper 描图纸 lawn 草坪 treatment of elevation 立面处理 drawing board 绘图板 triaxial compression test 三轴压缩试验 tubular steel scaffolding 钢管脚手架 uniformly distributed load 均布荷载 unnotched bar 光面钢;threadbar 螺纹钢筋 urinal 小便池，小便斗，小便槽 val

12、ley 天沟 ventilating skylight 通风天窗 waterproof barrier 防水层 aquatard Terzaghi bearing capacity theory 太沙基承载力理论 Terzaghi consolidation theory 太沙基固结理论 foundation treatment 地基处理 foundation pressure 基底压力 span 跨度 specific gravity 比重 quicklime 生石灰,氧化钙 hydrated lime 熟石灰,消石灰 hydration 水化作用 plaster of Paris 熟石膏

13、portland cement 波特兰水泥,硅酸盐水泥,普通水泥 portland blastfurnace slag cement矿渣水泥 portland fly-ash cement 粉煤灰(硅酸盐)水泥 portland-pozzolana cement 火山灰质硅酸盐水泥 gas-foaming admixture 发泡剂 retarding admixture 缓凝剂 water-reducing agent 减水剂 air-entrained agent 加气剂 slump 坍落度 water-cement ratio 水灰比 w/c architectural lighting

14、 建筑采光,建筑照明 architectural perspective建筑透视图 architectural section 建筑剖面图 architectural specifications建筑标准 architectural working drawing 建筑施工图 architecture sketch 建筑草图 arc welding 电弧焊 stress concentration 应力集中 multi storied building 多层建筑 settlement of foundation 地基沉降 tensile strength 抗拉强度 compressive st

15、rength 抗压强度 bending strength 抗弯强度 construction material 建筑材料 building material continuous beam 连续梁 tower crane 塔式起重机,塔吊 SPT=standard penetration test 标准贯入度试验 wall between two windows 窗间墙 stability 稳定性 stress-strain curve 应力-应变曲线 stress-strain diagram 应力-应变图 damp-proof coating 防潮层 osmosis 渗透 osmotic

16、co-efficient渗透系数 osmotic pressure渗透压力 finite element method 有限单无法 finite-difference method有限差分法 finite slice method 条分法 deformation 变形 displacement 位移 allowable bearing capacity 容许承载力 total and differential settlement 总沉降量和沉降差 Mohrs circle of stress 摩尔应力圆 snow laod 雪(荷)载 bent reinforcement bar 弯起钢筋

17、bent steel 弯起钢筋 bent-up bar 弯起钢筋 bid 投标，标书 bid call 招标 bid opening 开标 bidding sheet 标价单 bid price 出价，投标价格 binding reinforcement 绑扎钢筋 blocking course 檐口墙，女儿墙 parapet(wall)bloodwood 红木 redwood brick lintel 砖砌过梁 brick masonry structure 砖石结构 BRKT=bracket 牛腿 building height 建筑高度 building industrializatio

18、n 建筑工业化 building-in fitting 预埋件 building law 建筑法 building line 建筑红线 building module 建筑模数 building orientation 建筑物朝向 building permits for construction建筑施工执照 building equipment 建筑设备 building physics 建筑物理 building rubble 建筑垃圾 building storm sewer 房屋雨水管 built in cupboard 壁厨 cable structure 悬索结构 cable-su

19、pported construction悬索结构 canopy 雨篷 cast-in-place concrete 现浇混凝土 cast-in-situ concrete 现浇混凝土 caterpillar crane 履带式起重机 cavity brick 空心砖 cavity wall 空心墙 ceiling 顶棚，吊顶，天花板 cement floor 水泥地面 cement mortar 水泥砂浆 center-to-center 中心距(中到中间距)chain-pull switch 拉线开关 cromatics 色彩学 city planning 城市规划 civil archit

20、ecture 民用建筑 civil building 民用建筑 civil engineering土木工程 clay brick 粘土砖 clerestory 天窗 clerestory windows 高侧窗 closet 盥洗室，厕所，卫生间 coated glass 玻璃幕墙 glass curtain wall collapsible loess 湿陷性黄土 slumping loess collar tie beam 圈梁 combination beam 组合梁 combination construction 混合结构 shear wall 剪力墙 shear strength

21、抗剪强度 transom 门上的亮子 bar 棒，条，杆件，粗钢筋 beam 梁 framework 框架 truss 桁架 statically determinate 静定桁架 statically indeterminate 超静定桁架 elasticity 弹性 plasticity 塑性 stiffness 刚度 fiexibility 挠度 bending moment 弯矩 diagram 弯矩图 envelope 弯矩包络线 influence line 影响线 aggregate 骨料 coarse 粗骨料 fine 细骨料 admixture 外加剂 concrete mi

22、xer 混凝土搅拌机 paint 油漆 density 密度 viscosity 粘度，粘滞性 geology 地质 earth pressure 土压力 active 主动土压力 coarse sand 粗砂;medium sand 中砂;fine sand 细砂 artificial daylight 人工采光 artificial illumination 人工照明 art of architecture 建筑艺术 seismatic design 抗震设计 back view 背立面 balcony 阳台 balustrade 栏杆，扶手 bamboo scaffolding 竹脚手架

23、 band iron 扁铁，扁钢 bar cutter 钢筋切断机 bar list 钢筋表 bar spacing 钢筋间距 base board 踢脚板 basic module 根本模数 BC=building code 建筑法规 beam-and-column construction梁柱结构框架结构 beam-and-girder construction主次梁梁格结构 beam-and-slab construction梁板结构 beam with one overhanging end 悬臂梁 cantilever beam,overhanging beam beam with

24、simply supported ends 简支梁 simple beam,simple-supported beam,simply supported beam beam with fixed ends 固端梁 bending stiffness 弯曲刚度 bending strength 抗弯强度 bending stress 弯曲应力 bend bar 弯起钢筋，弯筋 commemorative architecture 纪念性建筑 commercial buildings 商业建筑物,商业房屋 compacted fill 压实填土,夯实填土 compacted soil 压实土 co

25、mpaction by layers 分层填土夯实 compaction by rolling 碾压 compaction by vibration 振动压实 compartmentation 隔断 completion acceptance 竣工验收 completion date 竣工日期 compression bar 受压钢筋 compression steel 受压钢筋 concealed work 隐蔽工程 conductor 水落管 construction administration 施工管理 constructional drawing 施工图,构造图 constructi

26、on and installation work 建筑安装工程 construction company 建筑公司 construction economics 建筑经济 construction industry 建筑(工)业 construction in process 在建工程 construction management plan 施工组织设计 construction period 施工工期 construction site 施工现场 creep 徐变,蠕变 cross wall 横墙 dark room 暗室 design development phase 技术设计阶段 d

27、esign scheme 设计方案 detail drawing 详图,大样图,细部图 development area 开发区 digestion tank 化粪池 septic tank,sewage tank distributed load 分布荷载 distributing bars 分布钢筋 distribution reinforcement分布钢筋 BL=dead load 恒载,自重 dogleg stair 双折楼梯 half turn domestic building 居住房屋,住宅 door window 落地窗 dormitory 宿舍 downspout 雨水管,

28、落水管 drain spout,fall pipe,leader pipe,rain conductor,rain leader,rain-water leader drip line 滴水线 dunny 厕所,盥洗室 earthquake intensity地震烈度 earthquake load 地震荷载 earthquake resistant design抗震设计 earthwork 土石方工程 earthwork quantity 土方工程量 eave 屋檐 effective depth 有效高度,有效深度,有效厚度 enameled tile 琉璃瓦,釉面砖 engineerin

29、g geological prospecting工程地质勘探 expanded joint 伸缩缝,温度缝 shrinkage joint,temperature joint factory building厂房 figured glass 图案玻璃,压花玻璃 patterned glass fixed window 固定窗 flat skylight 平天窗 flexible foundation 柔性根底 floor load 楼面荷载 floor plan 楼屋平面图 floor-to-ceiling height 楼面至顶棚高度,室内净高 floor-to-floor height 楼

30、面至楼面高度 story height 层高 farmed steel 型钢 shape(d)steel foundation beam 根底梁 foundation bed 根底垫层 gable 出墙 wall galvanized iron 镀锌铁皮,白铁皮 general arrangement drawing总体布置图,总平面图 general layout 总平面图,总体布置 glass fiber reinforced plastics 玻璃纤维增强塑料,玻璃钢 glued board 胶合板 gravel 砾石;cobble 卵石 pebble gravel,pebble sto

31、ne ground engineering 地基工程 ground floor plan底层平面图 groundwater surface 地下水位 phreatic(water)surface gutter 明沟,天沟 rain-gutter 檐沟,天沟 hair 麻刀 hemp mixed sand 混合砂 mechanics of materials 材料力学 theoretical mechanics 理论力学 elastic mechanics弹性力学 structural mechanics结构力学 architectural mechanics建筑力学 fracture mech

32、anics 断裂力学 soil mechanics 土力学 rock mechanics 岩石力学 fluid mechanics 流体力学 abrasive floor 防滑地板 accelerated cement 快凝水泥 accelerator 促凝剂，速凝剂 acceptance of hidden subsurface work 隐蔽工程验收 acceptance of tender 得标 acceptance of work subelements分项工程验收 access eye 清扫孔，检查孔 access hole 检修孔 access plate 检修孔盖板 accord

33、ion shades 折叠式活动隔断，屏风 acid 酸 alkali 碱 acoustical insulation 隔声 red cray 红粘土 adamic earth adhesive bitumen primer 冷底子油 administration of the construction contract 施工合同管理 aerial ledder 消防梯 non-bearing wall 非承重墙 non-load bearing wall norm for detailed estimates 预算定额 norm for preliminary estimates 概算定额

34、norm for estimating labor requirements 劳动定额 norm for estimating material requirements 材料定额 open ditch 明沟 open trench outside finish 外装修 partion 隔壁,screen 隔断 pea shingle 豆砾石，绿豆砂 pipeline gas 管道煤气 plastic hinge 塑性铰 plinth(wall)勒脚 pointing(joints)勾缝 pointing masonry 勾缝砌体,清水墙 porch 门廊,走廊 pore water 孔隙水

35、post-tensioning method 后张法 precast concrete lintel 预制混凝土过梁 precast reinforced concrete building 预制钢筋混凝土房屋 monolithic reinforced concrete building整体式钢筋混凝土房屋 prestressed concrete 预应力混凝土 pretensioning method 先张法 protecting cap 平安帽 protective cap,safety helmet protecting net 平安网 public building 公共建筑 pub

36、lic comfort station 公共厕所 public convenience pump concrete 泵送混凝土 pumping concrete halfpace landing 楼梯平台 landing platform,stair landing,stair platform hallway 门厅,过道 hemp thread 麻丝 high-rise hotel 高层旅馆,高层饭店 hip 屋脊线 hoop reinforcement 环筋,箍筋 hull core structure 筒体结构 inside finish 内装修 jalousie window 百叶窗,

37、louver window junior beam 次梁secondary beam,secondary girder main beam 主梁 primary beam,primary girder kick strip 踢脚 step 踏步 L&CM=lime and cement mortar 石灰水泥砂浆 lintol(门窗)过梁 lintel longitudinal bar 纵向钢筋 low-rise building低层建筑 LR=living room 起居室,客厅 sitting room,parlo(u)r mastic 玛碲脂,树脂,嵌缝料 membrane curing 薄膜养护 metallic tape 钢卷尺 metal window 钢窗 mid-span moment 跨中弯矩 mix(ing)proportion 配合比,混合比 mix(ing)ratio mopboard 踢脚板 mosquito screen 纱窗,screen window